430 Germanische Sprachen; Deutsch
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Articolul de faţă se înscrie într-o arie tematică generoasă a lexicografiei germane, prezentând principalele preocupări şi tendinţe ale cercetării metalexicografice moderne. Redactarea unor noi dicţionare frazeologice care să corespundă exigenţelor metodologice constituie o problemă actuală şi centrală a frazeologiei aplicate şi a lexicografiei teoretice şi practice. Problema descrierii specificului şi a contextului utilizării fondului frazeologic în dicţionare mono- sau bilingve a generat o serie de polemici şi ipoteze care au condus la descoperirea unor soluţii – nu întotdeauna viabile – pentru eficientizarea şi îmbunătăţirea dicţionarelor de acest tip. În literatura de specialitate recentă este punctată importanţa unui concept unitar, fundamentat ştiinţific şi susţinut empiric, cu aplicabilitate mare, fapt ce necesită elucidarea unor serii de probleme de abordare, prezentare şi codificare lexicografică.
"Hoch soll er leben!" : Routineformeln als Forschungsaufgabe der phraseologischen Kontrastivik
(2010)
Phraseological issues are of great interest to researchers in the field of German studies outside German-speaking countries as well. If one looks back upon the achievements and insights of phraseological research elsewhere, it becomes obvious that there are lots of areas of investigation still to be expanded, as far as the German and the Romanian languages are concerned. The research approaches suggested here are meant to highlight more specific aspects of linguistic phraseological material.
The adequate assessment of lexicographical approaches to phraseologisms requires certain evaluation criteria. Among the aspects to be assessed are, besides the arrangement of the front, middle and back matter and the selection of material, the macrostructural organization and the quality of the microstructural components. The present article focuses on the lexicographical standards set for phraseological dictionaries by metalexicographical researchers in the field of German Studies, while it critically examines the macro- and microstructural profile of special phraseological dictionaries developed in Romania with German as a target and source language. This examination has revealed serious shortcomings regarding both the conceptual orientation and the construction of dictionary entries. These shortcomings may influence the use of dictionaries by translators and non-native speakers as well, who represent the actual target group.
The present paper reflects upon the relevance of certain criteria that are decisive for the quality of a dictionary and interrelates them with the current bilingual lexicographic practice in Romania concerned with German language. The focus lies here on the lexicographic registration and presentation of phraseologisms in a general bilingual dictionary, which, contrary to phraseological dictionaries, is known not to be specialized in the codification of the phraseological stock. For illustration purpose the author provides a critical analysis of the new edition of the German-Romanian Comprehensive Dictionary published by the Romanian Academy (2007). The paper aims at showing to what extent the description of the selected phraseologisms is adequate with regard to potential users and the specifics of phraseological phenomena.
The article presents 11 idiom workbooks (some of them displaying a comparative approach) of the 1990s as well as their underlying methodological-didactic concept. The workbooks examined, a number of which have been previously critically assessed by the phraseo-didactic literature, are presented in the chronological order of their publication.
This study indicates research areas from the perspective of the German and Romanian language phraseology, areas that are exemplified within the phraseosemantic field of „communication”. The analysis of the current state of research indicates the partial or complete lack of preoccupation, on the one hand, with the metaphorization process and the predominance of the conceptual metaphors in the two languages or the dominance of some components and their analysis from a cultural-specific point of view, and, on the other hand, with the systematization of morphosyntactic or semantic restrictions.
By focusing human factors by the phraseological nomination, it becomes possible to expose obvious cases as reflections of everyday collective observations, experiences and evaluations considering a certain behavior or action. The subject of this investigation is differently molded phraseological units that permit to be listed under the hypernym ‘THE END OF LIFE BY HUMAN BEINGS’. The execution follows up the role of the linguistic image by the constitution of a slice of reality and gives representative examples of the metaphorization of the concept ‚DECEASE‘ in German, Romanian and Swedish. Productive source domains for the conceptualization of this notion will be considered; this due to the insight that conceptual spheres give keys to thought models, values and ideals anchored in the language.