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The aim of the present paper is to analyse the trilingual Transylvanian toponyms (German, Hungarian an d Romanian) from the Terra ante Silvanum (The Realm Beneath the Forest) and to reconstruct and explain them. When the Saxons arrived in Transylvania, in the 12th Century, they met Szekler, Hungarian and Romanian ethnic groups. The Realm Beneath the Forest represents, from a historical point of view, the Western border of the Transylvanian territory inhabited by the Saxons, which was not a compact area and which was divided into three districts (Sibiu, Brașov, and Bistrița) and two ‘seats’ (Mediaș and Șeica). The Realm Beneath the Forest included three ‘seats’ (Lat. sedes, judicial and administrative forums): Orăștie, Sebeș and Miercurea Sibiului. All the areas of the Realm Beneath the Forest, both those inhabited by German and/or Hungarian and Romanian populations and those inhabited only by Romanian people, have corresponding toponyms in all three languages. The toponyms Orăștie, Romos, Aurel Vlaicu, Pianul de Jos, Petrești, Sebeș, Câlnic, Reciu, Gârbova, Dobârca, Miercurea Sibiului, Apoldu de Sus, Amnaș that are analysed in the paper can be classified according to the following criteria: according to their founder, to the river that flows through the area, to the local toponyms, to their origin and their way of formation. A series of toponyms contributed to the apparition of some autochthonous family names such as Broser, Hamlescher, Kellinger, Mühlbächer, Polder, Rätscher, Urbiger.
Zum Schwerpunkt dieses Beitrags wird erstens das Wesen der "sakralen Interjektionen" und ihre Beziehung zum übersetzungstheoretischen Bereich, zweitens die Anwesenheit dieser in repräsentativsten deutsch und tschechisch geschriebenen Wörterbüchern behandelt. Da die Beziehung der drei Größen Usus, Norm und Kodifizierung immer im Einklang stehen muss, wird die Untersuchung durch konkrete Analyse der unter ausgewählten tschechischen Studenten verteilten Fragebögen ergänzt.
Da die kontrastierenden Analysen zum Deutschen und zum Tschechischen, die auf einem zusammengestellten Korpus basieren, unter der vergleichenden phraseologischen Sprachforschung recht selten vertreten sind, wurde zum Objekt meiner Untersuchung die weibliche und männliche Rolle in den tschechischen und deutschen Redewendungen. […] Die Phraseologismen wurden unter diesem Aspekt bisher noch nicht verglichen und es ist höchst interessant an diesen festen Wendungen, die sich auf das praktische Leben beziehen, zu zeigen, wie sich die männliche und weibliche Rolle voneinander unterscheiden und hauptsächlich, wie diese Rollen in Tschechien und Deutschland differieren.
There are two main approaches to change of state verbs. One adopts an approach in terms of a total change (becomeP, for base predicate P), i.e., a change from not being in the extension of the base predicate to being in it. The other adopts an approach in terms of a relative change (becomemore P, for base predicate P), i.e., a change for a theme in which it increases in the extent to which it holds the property denoted by the base predicate. Different languages have been analyzed using one or the other approach. I argue that both proposals are actually appropriate for analyzing related but not (completely) overlapping phenomena in the domain of derived change of state verbs in the very same language. This proposal is based on the discussion of change of state verbs in Southern Aymara that are derived with the suffixes -pta and -ra. I show that verbs with -pta convey the meaning of total change and that verbs with -ra convey the meaning of relative change. I further discuss how expressions with -pta and -ra interact: expressions with -ra implicate that the theme does not change from not being in the extension of the base to being in it. I propose an account in terms of scalar implicatures in which -pta and -ra are lexical alternatives, thus extending the domain of linguistic phenomena for which the computation of scalar implicatures is relevant.
School is not the only institution that educates children and provides them with specialised information. Television also contributes substantially to education. The article deals with the question of how the authors of educational programmes for children handled the difficult task of educating children while capturing their attention at the same time. This issue is examined using the example of selected German and Czech television programmes for children with the topic of biology, and attention is paid especially to the choice of language when working with specialised terms and to the specific procedures of defining or explaining them. Also monitored is whether or not the strategy of introducing new specialised terms in the analysed children programmes is different in terms of quality from the strategies applied in popular science programmes for adults with comparable topics.
The study presented in this paper reviews the emergence and development of Hungarian economic and legal terminology. It is based on research during which I examined over 1 000 terms from their first publication in specialized dictionaries, through changes in their meaning, all the way to their integration into technical vocabulary or their extinction. My research also focused on the reasons why the colloquial meaning of a term may cause the disappearance of its technical meaning. I conclude my study with examples.
The aim of this contrastive study is to examine the source domain "agriculture" as an image donor for a large number of phraseological units in German and Albanian and to address the question which agricultural terms belong to the phraseological inventory in both languages and which metaphorical target domains are linguistically structured by them. This language combination consists of two Indo-European languages whose peoples have not been in direct contact with each other in the course of history. Identifying differences and similarities in this regard would be of great interest - especially the latter, because phraseological universals could be discovered in the similarities between these not very closely related languages and peoples.
People's sex life is very often, if not always, taboo in everyday life. The theming of this area of life is made possible by various linguistic means that allow one to speak about this content. Phraseological units also serve this purpose. The starting point of this article is the definition of phrasemes according to Burger (2015:11): "Firstly, they [phraseologisms] consist of more than one word; secondly, the words are not put together for this one occasion, but are combinations of words that we, as German speakers, know exactly in this combination (possibly with variants), similar to how we know German words as individual items". In addition, it is noteworthy that thanks to the characteristic of idiomaticity (cf. Fleischer 1982:30), this taboo is particularly reinforced. At the center of our analysis are phrasemes related to sex life. The research material was taken from German and Polish dictionaries. The purpose of the presentation is to create a typology of thematic areas which are characterized with the help of phrasemes relating to sex life in German and Polish. The article is based on the following definition of a taboo: "an unwritten law that forbids doing certain things based on certain beliefs within a society" (Duden 2015:1735).
The relations between Turkey and Germany have a long history that involves collaboration and partnership in many areas. After 1960s, this relationship gained a new dimension as hundreds of thousands of Turkish workers immigrated to Germany. This paper presents a brief history of the relations between the two countries, and the cultural and language-related problems experienced by Turkish people in Germany. More specifically, it focuses on the background and current state of the Turkish Language and Culture course taught to the Turkish youth in German schools. Problems regarding the implementation of this course are discussed with reference to official statistics. Finally, suggestions are offered to address the challenges faced to improve the Turkish Language and Culture course so that Turkish children can successfully learn their origin-language, and eventually achieve competence in both Turkish and German in their academic studies.
Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit einer kontrastiven Forschung im Bereich der Politolinguistik, speziell für das Wortfeld 'Nation'. Im ersten Teil des Beitrags wird die Besonderheit der Diskursanalyse (DA) hervorgehoben, da diese als ein methodisches Fundament für die Analyse von politischer Sprache (hier: Antrittsreden) unumgänglich erscheint. Gleichzeitig ist sie (DA) auch eine Brücke, die Sprache und Politik verbinden kann. In diesem Beitrag soll der Fokus auf die Antrittsreden der deutschen Kanzler und türkischen Premiers gelegt werden, in diesen wiederum speziell auf das Wortfeld 'Nation'. Der diskursanalytische Ansatz soll hier beweisen, dass die Verwendung dieses Terms in Bezug auf beide Sprachen kontrastiv verstanden werden muss und in unterschiedliche Rhetoriken eingebaut wurde. Zusätzlich wird eine Bewegung des Wortfelds 'Nation' offensichtlich, da Neologismen eintreten und andere Terme im Wortfeld der türkischen und deutschen Sprache sich auflösen.