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Namen sind seit Jahrhunderten ein wichtiger Bestandteil des Lebens der Menschen. Die Auswahl eines geeigneten Namens spielt für viele Eltern eine große Rolle für ihr Kind. Infolgedessen ist die Benennung nach der Geburt für alle Kulturen ein äußerst wichtiges Ereignis. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Vornamen im Deutschen und im Türkischen untersucht, die aus Blumennamen stammen. Das Ziel ist es, herauszufinden, aus welchen Sprachen die Vornamen mit Blumennamen ins Türkische und Deutsche entlehnt worden sind, und ob es Parallelen und Unterschiede bei der Frequenz der entlehnten Vornamen aus unterschiedlichen Sprachen und beim Gebrauch von bestimmten Blumenarten gibt.
Using arguments based on the data on verb agreement (pronominalization) in Tibeto-Burman, LaPolla 1989 (see also LaPolla 1992) argues that Proto-Tibeto-Burman should be reconstructed as a language with no inflectional morphology. In that paper it is argued that the Proto-Tibeto- Burman system of grammatical relations1 was closer to the typical 'role-dominated' (Van Valin & Foley 1980) Burmese-Yipho system (epitomized by Lahu—see Matisoff 1973). That is, a system where there is no definable 'subject' or 'direct object'; a system where semantic and pragmatic principles govern the organization of discourse, not syntactic functions. In this paper we look at the nature of 'objects' in Tibeto-Burman languages, and here also find support for this view of Proto-Tibeto-Burman grammatical relations. From a survey of ninety-five reliable grammars or descriptions of languages in the Tibeto-Burman family, I found eleven languages with no nominal object marking, twenty languages with nominal morphology consistently marking the patient as object, regardless of clause type, and sixty-four languages with a type of marking where the patient in monotransitve clauses is often or always marked with the same postposition as the goal or beneficiary (dative) in ditransitve clauses. This type of marking is discussed in Dryer 1986 as Primary Object marking. I argue that this type of marking in the Tibeto-Burman languages reflects the semantically based nature of grammatical relations in Proto-Tibeto-Burman.
One of the main controversial topics of German language is the definition of word types and the classification of the principles. There are different views on the definition of 'particle' and 'intensive particle'. An interesting object of study of linguistics in this context are primarily grammaticalized words that lose their actual lexical meaning, assume grammatical functions and act as lexical intensifiers. In the first part of this article, general information is given about the definition and classification of the concepts of 'particle' and 'intensive particle'. The second part of the study handles the 'intensive particle', so called by the German language linguist Hentschel (1998), which have partly metaphorical features. The use of these words as 'intensive particle' in certain areas has been examined with German and Turkish examples and the differences and similarities have been revealed in two languages.
"Gewalt und Sprache". Internationale SUNG-Tagung an der Comenius-Universität in Bratislava, 30. Juni - 2. Juli 2016
Anlässlich des 25. Jahrestages seiner Gründung veranstaltete der Verband der Deutschlehrer und Germanisten der Slowakei (SUNG) eine Konferenz, die sich thematisch auf das Verhältnis von Gewalt und Sprache konzentrierte. Veranstaltungsort war die Philosophische Fakultät der Comenius-Universität, Mitveranstalter der dortige Lehrstuhl für Germanistik, Nederlandistik und Skandinavistik. Die Konferenz stellte zugleich die zwölfte Tagung des Verbandes dar.
The mountains of the Tangale-Waja Uplands are inhabited by a number of small ethnic groups. They speak different languages which belong to two unrelated linguistic stocks. The Afroasiatic stock is represented by Chadic languages, especially Tangale, but also Pero and Kushi (further to the south along the slopes of the Muri Mountains) of the Bole-Tangale Group. But the majority of the languages belong to the Adamawa branch of the Niger-Congo stock. The study of the vocabulary, technical terms and expressions relating to farming in general and 'farming on terraces' in particular constitutes another important aspect of our multidisciplinary research project providing us with valuable information about the history of the settlements and cultures of the entire region. In this communication we will restrict ourselves to a few general observations which are mainly based on the comparison of selected items of the farming vocabularies of those communities which used to farm the slopes of the mountains in our research area. We want to focus on the various designations for "terraced farms" and "terraces" including any arrangement or setting of stones on farms to enhance and support the production of the staple food: guinea corn (sorghum) and/or millet (pennisetum).
"Zentrum und Peripherie". Internationale Konferenz des Germanistenverbandes der Tschechischen Republik an der Schlesischen Universität in Opava, 25.-27. Mai 2016
Die internationale Tagung Zentrum und Peripherie wurde vom Germanistenverband der Tschechischen Republik und der Abteilung für Germanistik am Institut für Fremdsprachen der Schlesischen Universität in Opava veranstaltet. Das Organisationsteam aus Opava bestand aus Dr. habil. Gabriela Rykalová, Dr. habil. Veronika Kotůlková und Dr. Miroslav Urbanec. Fast hundert FachteilnehmerInnen aus der Tschechischen Republik, Deutschland, Österreich, Polen, der Slowakei, Spanien, der Türkei und Ungarn konnten in Opava begrüßt werden, außerdem VertreterInnen des DAAD, der Deutschen Welle, des Österreichischen Kulturforums Prag sowie Germanistikstudierende verschiedener Universitäten. Im Rahmen der Konferenz fand auch die Mitgliederversammlung des Germanistenverbands der Tschechischen Republik statt.
Two studies investigate the production and perception of speech chunks in Estonian. A corpus study examines to what degree the boundaries of syntactic constituents and frequent collocations influence the distribution of prosodic information in spontaneously spoken utterances. A perception experiment tests to what degree prosodic information, constituent structure, and collocation frequencies interact in the perception of speech chunks. Two groups of native Estonian speakers rated spontaneously spoken utterances for the presence of disjunctures, whilst listening to these utterances (N = 47) or reading them (N = 40). The results of the corpus study reveal a rather weak correspondence between the distribution of prosodic information and boundaries of the syntactic constituents and collocations. The results of the perception experiments demonstrate a strong influence of clause boundaries on the perception of prosodic discontinuities as prosodic breaks. Thus, the results indicate that there is no direct relationship between the semantico-syntactic characteristics of utterances and the distribution of prosodic information. The percept of a prosodic break relies on the rapid recognition of constituent structure, i.e. structural information.
A sketch of Houailou grammar
(1978)
Houailou is an Oceanic language spoken by approximately 7,000 people in central New Caledonia. Haudricourt, in his classification of the New Caledonia Languages, assigns Houailou to his Southern Group (Haudricourt, 1971). The following grammatical description of Houailou is based primarily on J. de La Fontinelle's La langue de Houailou (La Fontinelle 1976). Since La Fontinellels grammar uses a Pramework that makes comparison of Houailou to other Oceanic-languages rather difficult, it was felt that it might be a worth-while undertaking to rewrite it in a more traditional framework. The main differences between La Fontinelle's treatment of Houailou and its present reinterpretation can be briefly characterized as follows: La Fontinelle begins her description by isolating minimal gramaatical categories and then determitles their cooccurrence privileges in larger constructions. ...