570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
Refine
Year of publication
- 2021 (286)
- 2020 (178)
- 2022 (169)
- 2017 (122)
- 2016 (109)
- 2018 (109)
- 2012 (100)
- 2013 (92)
- 2019 (84)
- 2014 (78)
- 2009 (76)
- 2011 (68)
- 2010 (65)
- 2015 (64)
- 2008 (63)
- 2006 (54)
- 2023 (51)
- 2007 (42)
- 2005 (31)
- 2003 (28)
- 2004 (26)
- 2024 (20)
- 2002 (17)
- 1998 (14)
- 2001 (13)
- 2000 (12)
- 1999 (9)
- 1981 (8)
- 1990 (7)
- 1975 (6)
- 1976 (6)
- 1977 (6)
- 1974 (5)
- 1984 (5)
- 1985 (5)
- 1996 (5)
- 1971 (4)
- 1980 (4)
- 1982 (3)
- 1989 (3)
- 1994 (3)
- 1995 (3)
- 1901 (2)
- 1909 (2)
- 1920 (2)
- 1957 (2)
- 1969 (2)
- 1970 (2)
- 1972 (2)
- 1979 (2)
- 1983 (2)
- 1986 (2)
- 1993 (2)
- 1997 (2)
- 1842 (1)
- 1856 (1)
- 1860 (1)
- 1876 (1)
- 1897 (1)
- 1900 (1)
- 1903 (1)
- 1908 (1)
- 1910 (1)
- 1914 (1)
- 1918 (1)
- 1924 (1)
- 1927 (1)
- 1933 (1)
- 1934 (1)
- 1937 (1)
- 1940 (1)
- 1945 (1)
- 1959 (1)
- 1960 (1)
- 1961 (1)
- 1962 (1)
- 1963 (1)
- 1966 (1)
- 1967 (1)
- 1973 (1)
- 1978 (1)
- 1987 (1)
- 1992 (1)
Document Type
- Article (2106) (remove)
Language
- English (2106) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (2106)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (2106)
Keywords
- aging (20)
- SARS-CoV-2 (19)
- RNA (18)
- Podospora anserina (16)
- Biodiversity (15)
- Cell biology (15)
- inflammation (15)
- mitochondria (15)
- taxonomy (15)
- NMR spectroscopy (14)
Institute
- Biowissenschaften (786)
- Medizin (405)
- Biochemie und Chemie (352)
- Biochemie, Chemie und Pharmazie (170)
- Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität (144)
- Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft (137)
- Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum (BiK-F) (119)
- Exzellenzcluster Makromolekulare Komplexe (115)
- Zentrum für Biomolekulare Magnetische Resonanz (BMRZ) (80)
- MPI für Biophysik (78)
Schülerlabor Künstliche Intelligenz – Verhaltensforschung im Biologieunterricht mit neuen Methoden
(2023)
Die Verhaltensbiologie ist ein wichtiger Inhalt im Biologieunterricht. Das zielgerichtete, forschende Beobachten bereitet den Schüler/-innen jedoch häufg Schwierigkeiten und sollte vor allem praktisch eingeübt werden. Das Schülerlabor KILab bietet dafür eine innovative Möglichkeit.
Manipulation of neuronal or muscular activity by optogenetics or other stimuli can be directly linked to the analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) body length. Thus, WormRuler was developed as an open-source video analysis toolbox that offers video processing and data analysis in one application. Utilizing this novel tool, the super red-shifted channelrhodopsin variant, ChrimsonSA, was characterized in C. elegans. Expression and activation of ChrimsonSA in GABAergic motor neurons results in their depolarization and therefore elongation of body length, the extent of which providing information about the strength of neuronal transmission.
Cone photoreceptor cells are wavelength-sensitive neurons in the retinas of vertebrate eyes and are responsible for color vision. The spatial distribution of these nerve cells is commonly referred to as the cone photoreceptor mosaic. By applying the principle of maximum entropy, we demonstrate the universality of retinal cone mosaics in vertebrate eyes by examining various species, namely, rodent, dog, monkey, human, fish, and bird. We introduce a parameter called retinal temperature, which is conserved across the retinas of vertebrates. The virial equation of state for two-dimensional cellular networks, known as Lemaître’s law, is also obtained as a special case of our formalism. We investigate the behavior of several artificially generated networks and the natural one of the retina concerning this universal, topological law.
Biological drug substance (DS) is typically stored frozen to increase stability. However, freezing and thawing (F/T) of DS can impact product quality and therefore F/T processes need to be controlled. Because active F/T systems for DS bottles are lacking, freezing is often performed uncontrolled in conventional freezers, and thawing at ambient temperature or using water baths.
In this study, we evaluated a novel device for F/T of DS in bottles, which can be operated in conventional freezers, generating a directed air stream around bottles. We characterized the F/T geometry and process performance in comparison to passive F/T using temperature mapping and analysis of concentration gradients. The device was able to better control the F/T process by inducing directional bottom-up F/T. As a result, it reduced cryo-concentration during freezing as well as ice mound formation. However, freezing with the device was dependent on freezer performance, i.e. prolonged process times in a highly loaded freezer were accompanied by increased cryo-concentrations. Thawing was faster compared to without the device, but had no impact on concentration gradients and was slower compared to thawing in a water bath.
High-performance freezers might be required to fully exploit the potential of directional freezing with this device and allow F/T process harmonization and scaling across sites.
Highlights
• Northern and eastern grassland-savanna boundary defined by minimum temperature.
• Dynamics of fire, frost and growing season temperatures combine to produce this limit.
• Western limit is related to moisture availability.
• Modern, high-resolution climate data enables refinement of bioclimatic limits.
• Reparameterisation improves global model performance at regional scale.
Abstract
Understanding the controls of biome distributions is crucial for assessing terrestrial ecosystem functioning and its response to climate change. We analysed to what extent differences in climate factors (minimum temperatures, water availability, and growing season temperatures (degree days above 5 °C (GDD5)) might explain the poorly understood borders between grasslands, savannas and shrublands in eastern South Africa. The results were used to improve bioclimatic limits in the dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM) LPJ-GUESS. The vegetation model was also used to explore the role of fire in the biome borders. Results show no clear differences between the adjacent biomes in water availability. Treeless grasslands primarily occur in areas with minimum temperatures and GDD5 values below that of savannas. The standard fire module in LPJ-GUESS is not able to reproduce observed burned area patterns in the study region, but simulations with prescribed fire return intervals show that a combination of low temperatures and fire can explain the treeless state of the grassland biome. These results confirm earlier hypotheses that a combination of low winter temperatures, causing frost damage to trees, and low growing season temperatures that impede tree sapling growth and recruitment, particularly under re-occurring fires, drive the grassland-savanna border. With these insights implemented, the LPJ-GUESS simulation results substantially improved grass distribution in the grassland biome, but challenges remain concerning the grassland-shrubland boundary, tree-grass competition and prognostic fire modelling.
The success of the increasing use of technology in education is highly dependent on learner acceptance. Although the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is dominant in research for surveying acceptance of technology, it does not allow the prediction of a successful first time use of technology. The successful first time use can be determined with the survey of technology affinity, as it corresponds to the expression of certain personality traits of users and is thus detached from the specific technology. Since there are no measurement instruments for the educational sector so far and existing instruments for measuring technology affinity do not meet the specific requirements for use in the educational context (e.g., limited time for questioning), we present the single item Inclusion of Technology Affinity in Self-Scale (ITAS). In study 1 we provide evidence of convergent and discriminant validity within the general population so that a generalization of its applicability is possible. In study 2 we subsequently tested ITAS in the actual target group, the educational sector. The high correlations of the ITAS with the ATI and the control instrument TA-EG (ranging from rs = 0.679 to rs = 0.440) show that ITAS is suitable for use in research. Furthermore, the newly developed instrument convinces with its low complexity, the graphical component, which requires little text understanding and the high time saving. This research thus can contribute to the investigation of technology affinity in the educational sector helping educators to conduct technical activities with their learning group, to predict possible difficulties and adjust their planning accordingly.
During the co-translational assembly of protein complexes, a fully synthesized subunit engages with the nascent chain of a newly synthesized interaction partner. Such events are thought to contribute to productive assembly, but their exact physiological relevance remains underexplored. Here, we examine structural motifs contained in nucleoporins for their potential to facilitate co-translational assembly. We experimentally test candidate structural motifs and identify several previously unknown co-translational interactions. We demonstrate by selective ribosome profiling that domain invasion motifs of beta-propellers, coiled-coils, and short linear motifs may act as co-translational assembly domains. Such motifs are often contained in proteins that are members of multiple complexes (moonlighters) and engage with closely related paralogs. Surprisingly, moonlighters and paralogs assemble co-translationally in only some but not all of the relevant biogenesis pathways. Our results highlight the regulatory complexity of assembly pathways.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase type 2α (PI3KC2α) is an essential member of the structurally unresolved class II PI3K family with crucial functions in lipid signaling, endocytosis, angiogenesis, viral replication, platelet formation and a role in mitosis. The molecular basis of these activities of PI3KC2α is poorly understood. Here, we report high-resolution crystal structures as well as a 4.4-Å cryogenic-electron microscopic (cryo-EM) structure of PI3KC2α in active and inactive conformations. We unravel a coincident mechanism of lipid-induced activation of PI3KC2α at membranes that involves large-scale repositioning of its Ras-binding and lipid-binding distal Phox-homology and C-C2 domains, and can serve as a model for the entire class II PI3K family. Moreover, we describe a PI3KC2α-specific helical bundle domain that underlies its scaffolding function at the mitotic spindle. Our results advance our understanding of PI3K biology and pave the way for the development of specific inhibitors of class II PI3K function with wide applications in biomedicine.
Microplastics are small plastic fragments that are widely distributed in marine and terrestrial environments. While the soil ecosystem represents a large reservoir for plastic, research so far has focused mainly on the impact on aquatic ecosystems and there is a lack of information on the potentially adverse effects of microplastics on soil biota. Earthworms are key organisms of the soil ecosystem and are due to their crucial role in soil quality and fertility a suitable and popular model organism in soil ecotoxicology.
Therefore, the aim of this study was to gain insight into the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastics on the earthworm Eisenia andrei on multiple levels of biological organization after different exposure periods. Earthworms were exposed to two types of microplastics: (1) polystyrene-HBCD and (2) car tire abrasion in natural soil for 2, 7, 14 and 28 d. Acute and chronic toxicity and all subcellular investigations were conducted for all exposure times, avoidance behavior assessed after 48 h and reproduction after 28 d. Subcellular endpoints included enzymatic biomarker responses, namely, carboxylesterase, glutathione peroxidase, acetylcholinesterase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase and catalase activities, as well as fluorescence-based measurements of oxidative stress-related markers and multixenobiotic resistance activity. Multiple biomarkers showed significant changes in activity, but a recovery of most enzymatic activities could be observed after 28 d. Overall, only minor effects could be observed on a subcellular level, showing that in this exposure scenario with environmentally relevant concentrations based on German pollution levels the threat to soil biota is minimal. However, in areas with higher concentrations of microplastics in the environment, these results can be interpreted as an early warning signal for more adverse effects. In conclusion, these findings provide new insights regarding the ecotoxicological effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastics on soil organisms.