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The gradual heterogeneity of climatic factors pose varying selection pressures across geographic distances that leave signatures of clinal variation in the genome. Separating signatures of clinal adaptation from signatures of other evolutionary forces, such as demographic processes, genetic drift, and adaptation to non-clinal conditions of the immediate local environment is a major challenge. Here, we examine climate adaptation in five natural populations of the harlequin fly Chironomus riparius sampled along a climatic gradient across Europe. Our study integrates experimental data, individual genome resequencing, Pool-Seq data, and population genetic modelling. Common-garden experiments revealed a positive correlation of population growth rates corresponding to the population origin along the climate gradient, suggesting thermal adaptation on the phenotypic level. Based on a population genomic analysis, we derived empirical estimates of historical demography and migration. We used an FST outlier approach to infer positive selection across the climate gradient, in combination with an environmental association analysis. In total we identified 162 candidate genes as genomic basis of climate adaptation. Enriched functions among these candidate genes involved the apoptotic process and molecular response to heat, as well as functions identified in other studies of climate adaptation in other insects. Our results show that local climate conditions impose strong selection pressures and lead to genomic adaptation despite strong gene flow. Moreover, these results imply that selection to different climatic conditions seems to converge on a functional level, at least between different insect species.
All giraffe (Giraffa) were previously assigned to a single species (G. Camelopardalis) and nine subspecies. However, multi-locus analyses of all subspecies have shown that there are four genetically distinct clades and suggest four giraffe species. This conclusion might not be fully accepted due to limited data and lack of explicit gene flow analyses. Here we present an extended study based on 21 independent nuclear loci from 137 individuals. Explicit gene flow analyses identify less than one migrant per generation, including between the closely related northern and reticulated giraffe. Thus, gene flow analyses and population genetics of the extended dataset confirm four genetically distinct giraffe clades and support four independent giraffe species. The new findings call for a revision of the IUCN classification of giraffe taxonomy. Three of the four species are threatened with extinction, mostly occurring in politically unstable regions, and as such, require the highest conservation support possible.
Three Neotropical species are transferred to the genus Premnobius Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Ipini): Premnobius assiduus (Schedl, 1961, from Xyleborus), P. flechtmanni (Wood, 2007, from Acanthotomicus) and P. neoajunctus (Schedl, 1967, from Xyleborus). An illustrated key is presented for the native and introduced species of the genus known from the New World.
Four new species of Elaphidiini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae) are described: Psyrassa vandenberghei Wappes, Botero and Santos-Silva, from Nicaragua; Psyrassa androwi Wappes, Botero and Santos-Silva, from Belize, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Panama; Psyrassa vandevenderi Wappes, Botero and Santos-Silva, from Mexico; and Aneflomorpha monzoni Wappes, Botero and Santos-Silva, from Guatemala.
We present an abundance-based checklist of Pennsylvania planthoppers (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea) compiled from available literature and 13,718 specimens. A substantial portion of the latter were bycatch from Lindgren funnel and panel traps intended to intercept wood-boring beetle species, and a directed survey for the spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula (White)). The known planthopper fauna of Pennsylvania consists of 10 families, 54 genera and 139 species including 34 new state species records (and 12 new genera). In an attempt to assess the level of completeness of this survey, we compiled an abundance-based checklist of planthopper species found in states adjacent to Pennsylvania and found similar numbers of planthopper species for each state (viz. Delaware 138 species, Maryland 147, New Jersey 145, New York 162 and Ohio 126), but the cumulative species list is comprised of 240 planthopper species, suggesting that the inventory for Pennsylvania and all adjacent states may be substantially incomplete.
Phorodon cannabis Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Macrosiphini) is reported for the first time as a pest of Cannabis L. crops in North America. The insect has been confirmed from fields of industrial hemp in Colorado and Virginia and has been found present within greenhouses in at least several American states and one Canadian province. The generic position of the aphid species is discussed and other known members of the genus are ruled out. Phorodon cannabis is placed in genus Phorodon Passerini and subgenus (Diphorodon Börner). Phorodon persifoliae Shinji is transferred to Hyalopterus Koch as a nomen dubium.
The status of genera and species in the stag beetle tribe Aesalini (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Aesalinae) is revised. The Asian subgenus Zelenkaesalus Krikken, formerly included within Echinoaesalus Zelenka, is elevated to generic level based on the presence of complete ventral sulci and the form of the ocular canthus. This results in the following new combinations: Z. cechovskyi (Huang et al.), Z. gedeensis (Huang and Wu), Z. javanus (Krikken), Z. sabahensis (Zelenka), and Z. timidus (Krikken). Zelenkaesalus pazuzus Paulsen, new species, is described from the Philippines and is the first record of the subfamily for the country. A new genus Strabaesalus is created for species of Echinoaesalus that have a narrow dorsal lobe of the eye, acuminate clypeus, and lack abdominal sulci. This results in the following new combinations: S. borneoensis (Huang and Imura), S. hidakai (Araya et al.), and S. schuhi (Zelenka). In the Americas, Trogellus trajectus Paulsen, new species, is described from southern Panama. The male habitus and male genitalia of Trogellus maesi Paulsen are illustrated for the first time.
Anomiopus cirulito Cano n. sp., from the tropical forest of the Mayan Biosphere Reserve, Petén, Guatemala is described. This is the northernmost known species of the genus Anomiopus Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) and is related to the Costa Rican and Panamanian Anomiopus panamensis (Paulian).
This study evaluated the population variation of Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and associated parasitoids in Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) groves located in the municipality of Barra do Ribeiro (30°30'54.95?S; 51°30'20.84?W), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Eight samples were collected during the four seasons from November 2015 until October 2017; four branches with approximately 20 leaves were taken from 12 olive trees (four each from Arbequina, Arbosana and Koroneiki varieties). The collected material was placed in plastic bags and taken to the laboratory for further study. Scale insects were slide-mounted and were identified according to morphological characteristics of the adult female. Parts of two branches and 40 leaves of each variety infested with scale insects were sectioned and placed inside glass tubes, labeled, capped with cotton, kept in the laboratory at room temperature and examined daily to verify the emergence of parasitoids. Parasitoid specimens studied were critical point dried from ethanol and point-mounted. Some specimens were slide mounted in Canada balsam for more detailed study. In all samples, the presence of H. lataniae, as well as six associated parasitoid species, were identified. Metaphycus flavus (Howard) is recorded for the first time as a parasitoid of H. lataniae. Two other scale insects were also identified: Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti) (Diaspididae) and Saissetia coffeae (Walker) (Coccidae), but the population data of these did not permit statistical analysis. A key to identify the scale insect species recorded on olive trees in Brazil, based on adult females, is provided.
Nomenclatural changes are proposed and herein implemented for several firefly taxa in the family Lampyridae (Coleoptera). Dates of publication are corrected for Lampyris brutia Costa, 1882, Diaphanes costulatus (Kolbe, 1897), Diaphanes fraternus (Kolbe, 1897), Diaphanes kilimanus (Kolbe, 1897), Diaphanes breviusculus (Kolbe, 1897) (a junior synonym of Diaphanes notaticollis E. Olivier), Diaphanes piligerus (Kolbe, 1897), Diaphanes planitianus (Kolbe, 1897), Diaphanes volkensi (Kolbe, 1897) (a junior synonym of Diaphanes rugicollis (Fairmaire)), Diaphanes signaticollis Pic, 1951, Diaphanes ugandanus (Kolbe, 1897), Pyrocoelia iwasakii (Matsumura, 1918), Pyrocoelia tappana (Matsumura, 1918), Lamprocera latreillei (Kirby, 1818), Tenaspis semifusca (Gorham, 1881), Lucernuta savignii (Kirby, 1818), Aspisoma candellarium Reiche, 1845, Aspisoma roseiventer (E. Olivier, 1888), Pyractomena Melsheimer, 1846, Pyractomena flavocincta LeConte, 1852 (a junior synonym of Pyractomena angulata (Say)), Pyractomena angustata LeConte, 1852, and Pyractomena lucifera Melsheimer, 1846.
In this study, we described four new species of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae): Aleurovitreus mariae Sanchez-Flores and García-Ochaeta new species found in Mexico and Guatemala; Aleurovitreus piperschiedeanum Sanchez-Flores and Carapia-Ruiz new species, Aleurovitreus pueblensis Sanchez-Flores and Carapia-Ruiz new species and Aleurovitreus tuberculatus Sanchez-Flores and Carapia-Ruiz new species. found in Mexico. All species were collected in Piper spp. Microphotographs of morphological structures of the puparium are provided, as well as a key to identification of species.
We treat 50 species of Pseudococcus Westwood (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) found in Central and South America. Sixteen new species are described and illustrated: Pseudococcus acaena Granara de Willink n. sp., P. bahiensis Granara de Willink n. sp., P. calchaquii Granara de Willink n. sp., P. chaquensis Granara de Willink n. sp., P. colombiensis Granara de Willink n. sp., P. cubaensis Granara de Willink n. sp., P. cuyoensis Granara de Willink n. sp., P. debilis Granara de Willink n. sp., P. dumetum Granara de Willink n. sp., P. insuetus Granara de Willink n. sp., P. lanatii Granara de Willink, n. sp., P. neuquenensis Granara de Willink n. sp., P. occultus Granara de Willink n. sp., P. panamaensis Granara de Willink n. sp., P. salazari Granara de Willink n. sp. and P. scatoterrae Granara de Willink n. sp. The new species are distributed in Argentina (9 spp.), Colombia (3 spp.), Brazil (2), Uruguay (2), Cuba (1), Panama (1) and Peru (1). Diagnostic characters and illustrations of 34 additional species are provided: Pseudococcus agavis McGregor, P. apomicrocirculus Gimpel and Miller, P. calceolariae (Maskell), P. comstocki (Kuwana), P. cribata González, P. cryptus Hempel, P. donrileyi Gimpel and Miller, P. elisae Borchsenius, P. eriocereus Williams, P. espeletiae Williams and Granara de Willink, P. galapagoensis Morrison, P. importatus McKenzie, P. insularis Morrison, P. jackbeardsleyi Gimpel and Miller, P. landoi (Balachowsky), P. longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti), P. mandio Williams, P. maritimus (Ehrhorn), P. meridionalis Prado, P. microcirculus McKenzie, P. nakaharai Gimpel and Miller, P. neomicrocirculus Gimpel and Miller, P. odermatti Miller and Williams, P. pabulum Granara de Willink, P. peregrinabundus Borchsenius, P. puertoricensis Gimpel and Miller, P. rosangelae Pacheco da Silva and Kaydan, P. saccharicola Takahashi, P. schusteri Gimpel and Miller, P. spanocera Gimpel and Miller, P. sociabilis Hambleton, P. solenedyos Gimpel and Miller, P. sorghiellus (Forbes) and P. viburni (Signoret). Five species from Argentina, two species from Jamaica and one species from Suriname are cited for the first time. Sixty-three figures, corresponding to the known species, their variations and new species cited for the region are included. A list of host plants containing 77 plant families and 355 species is included. An updated list of host plants and the distribution of some species of the genus is provided.
The nesting biology of the potter wasp Pachymenes ghilianii (Spinola) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) is described based on observations made in the Cerro Turega Hydric Reserve, Penonome, Panama. The collection of building material, the architecture of the nest, the process of building a cell and cell provision with geometrid larvae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), and the emergence time of the adults are recorded.
A new species of leaf insect from the celebicum species group, Phyllium (Phyllium) yapicum Cumming and Teemsma, new species (Phasmida: Phylliidae), is described from a female specimen from the California Academy of Sciences collection, United States. This new species is the first recorded species of Phylliidae from the country of Micronesia and represents a notable range expansion for the family. With Phyllium (Phyllium) yapicum Cumming and Teemsma, new species, currently only known from a female holotype; a key to females is included for the celebicum species group.
The linyphiid spiders Tenuiphantes zelatus (Zorsch, 1937), T. zibus (Zorsch, 1937), and Centromerus mariannae sp. nov. are diagnosed, described or redescribed and illustrated, including the previously undescribed female of T. zibus. All are common species of the Pacific Northwest of North America but were previously inadequately described (T. zelatus and T. zibus) or illustrated only but not described or named (C. mariannae).
A new subgenus, Hydrosmectomorpha Klimaszewski and Webster, of the genus Atheta C. G. Thomson (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) is erected to accommodate three new species and Atheta newfoundlandica (Klimaszewski and Langor). The new species are: Atheta (Hydrosmectomorpha) meduxnekeagensis Webster and Klimaszewski, new species; Atheta (Hydrosmectomorpha) quebecensis Webster and Klimaszewski, new species, Atheta (Hydrosmectomorpha) vincenti Webster and Klimaszewski, new species. The new species are described, illustrated, and a key is provided. Atheta newfoundlandica (Klimaszewski and Langor), was recently transferred from Hydrosmecta C.G. Thomson to an unspecified subgenus of Atheta. New habitat/collection data are presented for the treated species.
En este estudio se describe una nueva especie de mosca blanca Aleuropleurocelus chamaedoreaelegans Sánchez-Flores y Carapia-Ruiz sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) encontrada en el envés de las hojas de Chamaedorea elegans Mart. en el Estado de Puebla (México). Se proporcionan microfotografías de estructuras morfológicas de puparios, se discute la separación con otras especies cercanas de Aleuropleurocelus Drews y Sampson, y se propone una clave para especies del grupo de forma oval.
Cylindera (Cylinderina) sierramadrensis Wiesner and Dheurle, new species (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) is described from Luzon. Re-descriptions of the other seven species of this subgenus (C. (C.) nanula (Horn, 1937), C. (C.) nana (Schaum, 1862), C. (C.) pseudonana (Horn, 1924), C. (C.) werneri Wiesner, 1988, C. (C.) rothschildi (Horn, 1896), C. (C.) genieri Cassola and Werner, 2003, C. (C.) vandenberghei Dheurle, 2016) are provided together with a key and pictures of their habitus, labrum and aedeagus.
Adults of the Neotropical genera Beltia Jacoby (type species: Beltia nicaraguensis Jacoby) and Colaspoides Laporte (type species: Colaspoides limbata [Olivier]) (Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Eumolpini) are difficult to separate. In this paper, the genus Beltia Jacoby is redefined and diagnosed by features of the pygidium, lateral wings of the prosternum, and metatibiae to distinguish it from Colaspoides and other medium-sized, ovate Eumolpini. Fourteen new species from Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru are described and illustrated—Beltia awapita, B. confusa, B. gorgona, B. herreri, B. ledesmae, B. napoensis, B. osa, B. rugosa, B. sanchezae, B. talaga, B. tilarana, B. tisingalita, B. tsachila and B. vacilona. A key and range maps for all species recognized herein are provided. Colaspoides placidula Bechyne, Colaspoides placidula angustomarginata Bechyne, Colaspoides chiriquensis Jacoby, and Colaspoides weyrauchi Bechyne are transferred to Beltia and redescribed. Colaspoides turrialbana Bechyne is synonymized with B. chiriquensis, and Colaspoides chanchamaya Bechyne is synonomized with B. weyrauchi. Morphological similarities with Beltia indicate that Old World Colaspoides also should be removed from Colaspoides s. str.
The life history of Enaphalodes archboldi Lingafelter and Chemsak (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is described in detail based on observations from Marion County, Florida. Notes on the life history of Enaphalodes bingkirki Lingafelter and Santos-Silva from Honduras are also provided. Enaphalodes bingkirki is reported from Honduras for the first time.
Euryuridae Pocock 1909 and Eurymerodesmidae Causey 1951, both endemic to the eastern/central United States (US), are incorporated into Xystodesmidae Cook 1895 and reduced to subfamilies and (sub)tribes n. stats. Euryurina and Melaphina Brolemann 1916, n. stats., are sister-taxa that differ primarily in epiproctal configurations and comprise Euryurini; sister-taxa Eurymerodesmina and Nannariina Hoffman 1964, n. stats., the latter transferred from Xystodesminae, comprise Eurymerodesmini, n. stat., in which plesiomorphic forms exhibit sublinear, "stick-like," and subapically curved/bent gonopodal acropodites with moderately-long to long hairs, often with distal tufts, on their “inner” surfaces. Additional transferrals include Wamokia Chamberlin from the xystodesmine tribe Xystocheirini to Xystodesmini (= Harpaphini), and Macellolophus Attems, from Xystodesmidae to Chelodesmidae. Except for Chonaphini, the term, "prefemoral process," has traditionally been assigned to the secondary and shorter telopodital projection regardless of its position, origin, or configuration. Homology of these different structures has never been demonstrated and requires investigation, but the multitude of differences suggests that they are not such and warrant different names, for example "femoral process," for the similarly positioned branches in Devillea Brölemann and Rhysodesmus Cook (Xystodesminae: Devilleini, Rhysodesmini). The latter tribe may be polyphyletic, and new tribes may be required for components with acicular "prefemoral processes" (Boraria and Cherokia, both by Chamberlin, Gyalostethus and Erdelyia, both by Hoffman, and Pleuroloma Rafinesque) and the southeastern US genera with small-bodied species (Caralinda Hoffman and Gonoessa, Parvulodesmus, and Lourdesia, all by Shelley). Taxonomic value is accorded the "prefemoral extension/elongation," which is absent from Eurymerodesmina; complete, encircles the acropodite, and extends for ~1/3 to 1/2 of the latter’s lengths in Euryurini; and incomplete and extends for ~1/4 to 1/3 of the "outer" acropodital surfaces in Nannariina and xystodesmine tribes. Other newly recognized taxonomic characters include the "inner" and "outer" acropodital surfaces/margins, the position on the acropodital stem of the "distal curve/bend," and the length of the "distal zone." Rhysodesmus and Sigmoria (Rudiloria) t. trimaculata (Wood) (Xystodesminae: Rhysodesmini, Apheloriini) are recorded from, respectively, Chihuahua, Mexico, and Québec, Canada, as are Xystodesmidae/-inae and, provisionally, Chonaphini, Montaphe Chamberlin, and M. elrodi (Chamberlin), the only plausible taxa for an unidentifiable juvenile from near Yahk and only 2.5 km (1.6 mi) north of the International Border. The southern periphery of interior British Columbia (BC) thus represents the second xystodesmid faunal region in BC and the third in Canada. While incorporation of Euryuridae does not affect the family’s overall distribution, that of Eurymerodesmidae fundamentally alters it by joining the formerly separate East-Nearctic and Meso-American regions into a continuous one extending, north-south, from Montréal Island, Québec, to Santa Ana Department, El Salvador, a distance of around 4,944 km (3,090 mi). Xystodesmidae also inhabit two West-Nearctic regions, one in the interior stretching from southernmost BC to northeastern Oregon and the other running along the Pacific Coast from southern Alaska to southern California. The family also occupies two Palearctic regions, each with three subregions, an eastern one spreading from Hokkaido, Japan, and the southern Maritime Province, Russia, to Taiwan; a point locality in northern Vietnam; and southern/eastern China. The second Palearctic area extends along the Mediterranean and adjoining seas from Morocco, Sardinia, and the southeastern corner of France to Cyprus and southern coastal Turkey. New locality data, references, and maps are provided along with diagnostic accounts of all reconceptualized taxa and new/revived statuses.
A simple, sublinear, "stick-like" acropodite with a curve or bend near midlength or subapically and without a secondary telopodital projection is the hypothesized plesiomorphic gonopodal condition in Xystodesmidae. This form has undergone multitudinous modifications/alterations - twists, curls, variably configured thickened and laminate expansions, reductions, bi-/trifurcations, enlargements, ornamentations, etc. that are manifested in today’s xystodesmine tribes. When Avalonia collided with Baltica 450 million years ago, ancestral xystodesmoideans on the former dispersed into the latter, penetrated and occupied vacant niches, and evolved into today’s Melaphina (Euryurinae: Euryurini) and Devilleina (Xystodesminae). A similar evolutionary burst leading to today’s Nearctic and East-Palearctic faunas occurred 10 million years later when Avalonia + Baltica collided with Laurentia to form Euramerica. Ancestral forms of Euryurinae and Xystodesminae again penetrated vacant niches and evolved; the former maintained the general gonopodal structural pattern of Melaphina but changed the epiproct from triangular to broad and spatulate, thereby creating Euryurina. The earliest xystodesmine taxa to evolve in Laurentia were Rhysodesmini and Rhysodesmus, which spread southwestward, penetrated "proto- Mexico, and left relict populations in today’s southern Appalachians. Eurymerodesmina and Nannariina arose from ancestral euryurine stock prior to the Cretaceous in western Appalachia in their present area of overlap. The former dispersed to the west and south while the latter expanded to the east and north; consequently, the Western Inland Seaway minimally impacted Nannariina while eradicating Eurymerodesmina from the inundated area. Today’s populations in the Plains and south-southeastern states therefore represent secondary dispersion in the past 50-60 million years. The Seaway also eradicated Rhysodesmus from these areas, but enough forms survived in high mountain refugia to replenish the fauna when the embayment receded.
The species Canthidium alvarezi Martínez and Halffter, 1986 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) is transferred to the genus Ateuchus Weber, 1801, becoming Ateuchus alvarezi (Martínez and Halffter), new combination. Its relationship with other species in the genus is briefly discussed. The validity and ranking of the genus Lobidion Génier, 2010, originally described from a single female, is discussed based on the discovery of male specimens, which lead us to reclassify it as a monotypic subgenus of Ateuchus, becoming Ateuchus (Lobidion), new rank, with the only included species becoming Ateuchus (Lobidion) punctatissimus (Génier, 2010) new combination.
Nomenclatural changes are proposed and herein implemented for several beetles in the family Lampyridae (Coleoptera). Corrections of authorship are proposed for Psilocladus marginatus (Lewis), Psilocladus ruficollis (Kiesenwetter), and Dryptelytra fulvipennis E. Olivier. Dates of publication are corrected for Magnoculus marginatus (Guérin-Méneville), Psilocladus calvus Kirsch, Psilocladus peruvianus Kirsch, and Vesta vitellinothorax (Perty) a synonym of Vesta thoracica (G. A. Olivier). "Dodacles grandjeani E. Olivier" is found to be a nomen nudum, which actually refers to Dryptelytra grandjeani (E. Olivier).
The males of Caraphia squamosa (Chemsak and Linsley, 1984) and C. seriata (Chemsak and Linsley, 1984), and the female of C. lingafelteri Ohbayashi and Yamasako, 2016 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lepturinae) are described for the first time. Two new Caraphia species are described: C. warneri Wappes and Santos-Silva, from Guatemala; and C. woodruffi Wappes and Santos-Silva, from Guatemala and Honduras. A key to American species of Caraphia and a map showing their known distribution is provided. New country records for C. seriata and C. lingafelteri are also provided. Lastly, the C. seriata record for Honduras was based on specimens of a new species (Caraphia lingafelteri), hence the Honduras record should be deleted.
The following nomenclatural changes for several firefly taxa (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) are proposed and herein implemented. Correction of authorship is proposed for Lampyroidea lucifer (Reiche and de Saulcy, 1857). Spelling corrections are proposed for Photinus coroicosus Pic, 1941 and Macrolampis flavithorax Pic, 1940. Dates of publication are corrected for Photinus curticornis Pic, 1940, Phausis riversi (LeConte, 1885), Ellychnia autumnalis Melsheimer, 1846, Ellychnia facula LeConte, 1854, Lamprigera nitidicollis (Fairmaire, 1891), Cladodes gloriosus E. Olivier, 1909, Photuris brunnipennis Jacquelin Du Val, 1857, Pyrogaster subnitidus Pic, 1928, Pyrogaster telephorinus (Perty, 1830), and Lampyroidea dispar (Fairmaire, 1857).
New insights into the genus Stenotothorax Schmidt (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Aphodiini) allowed for an influx of new materials from many new localities, and the realization that the genus needs revision. In this work, newly discovered characters used to distinguish species are defined. Stenotothorax lanei (Saylor) is redescribed. Diagnosis and new distributional data are presented for S. lanei, S. mcpeaki Gordon and Skelley, S. washtucna (Robinson) and S. woodleyi Gordon. Seven new species are described from the northwestern United States: S. lahontanensis, S. niviviator, S.odontomonteus, S. schneppi, S. smilodon, S. winnemucca, and S. wintoni. All new species are illustrated and compared with presumed closest relatives.
An unusual eye malformation observed in Trichiotinus rufobrunneus (Casey) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Trichiini), is described and illustrated. The functionality of the ectopic compound eye is discussed. According to label data, larval association with oak rotten log habitats is reported.
Eleven species of Elateridae (Coleoptera) were collected during a two-year arthropod inventory survey at the Cuatrociénegas Natural Protected Area, Coahuila, Mexico. Aeolus cuatro new species, Horistonotus coahuila new species, and Megapenthes cienegas new species are described for the first time. Additionally reported as new state records are Conoderus athoides (LeConte), C. lividus (De Geer), Deilelater mexicanus (Champion), Esthesopus parcus Horn, and Dipropus rufulus (Candèze). Sixteen species of click beetle are now recorded from Coahuila. The sampled habitats and the environmental setting are briefly described with images of each sampling site.
The Phylliidae (Phasmatodea) diversity of the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia is preliminarily examined, and revealed to be notably lacking in completeness with only two species currently recorded. Of the nine islands/ island groups within the Lesser Sunda Islands, only the westerly islands (Bali and Lombok) have single species recorded: Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium) pulchrifolium Audinet-Serville, 1838, from Bali, and Phyllium (Phyllium) conlei Cumming, Valero, and Teemsma, new species, from Lombok. The latter species is herein described and differentiated from congenerics. To conclude, with so few species recorded from the Lesser Sunda Islands, a key to species for Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands is presented for males.
Coniopterygidae are the smallest members of the order Neuroptera and are often overlooked by collec-tors. Consequently, distribution of many species within North America north of Mexico is poorly known, even at the state level. Currently 57 species (five adventive) are recognized from North America. Of those, 30 are reported from a single state or province. Conversely, 12 states and provinces have no published records of Coniopterygidae. More than 600 specimens of adult coniopterygids were identified and numerous new state records were deter-mined. An updated list of species state-level distribution is provided.
A specimen of Melitoma taurea (Say) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) was captured on Hart-Miller Island, Chesapeake Bay, Baltimore County, Maryland. The specimen possessed the typical three submarginal cells on the right forewing but exhibited four submarginal cells on the left forewing due to the presence of an additional submarginal crossvein dividing the second submarginal cell. The presence of four submarginal cells is a rare oc-currence in bees. Besides documenting this occurrence, this paper presents a summary of known published and previously unpublished records of atypical and variable numbers of submarginal cells. Published records were found for 66 species: Colletidae (1), Andrenidae (28),Halictidae (19), and Apidae (18). In four instances,pub-lished records were also found at the genus or subgenus level. Previously unpublished records are reported for 29 species: Colletidae (1), Andrenidae (5), Halictidae (13), and Apidae (10). Previously unpublished records are also shown for six specimens that are only identified to genus or subgenus. Twelve-and-one-third percent of the specimens with atypical numbers of submarginal cells would normally have had two submarginal cells; 87.7% would normally have had three submarginal cells. Approximately, 49.4% of the specimens had atypical numbers on one wing, and approximately 50.6% had atypical numbers on both wings. Of the normally two submarginal cell specimens, 80.0% gained and 20.0% lost one submarginal crossvein. Of the normally three submarginal cell specimens, 1.4% gained one submarginal crossvein and 98.6% lost one or more submarginal crossveins.
We review the genus Cyclargus Nabokov (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) based on detailed comparative analyses of wing patterns, genitalia, and mitochondrial COI DNA barcode sequences, and suggest that Cyclargus is composed of four species: C. thomasi (Clench), C. woodruffi (W. Comstock and Huntington), C. ammon (Lucas), and C. dominica (Möschler). The following new subjective synonyms are proposed: C. erembis Nabokov syn. n. and C. kathleena K. Johnson and Matusik syn. n. are C. thomasi noeli (W. Comstock and Huntington); C. sorpresus K. Johnson and Matusik syn. n. and C. shuturn K. Johnson and Bálint syn. n. are C. ammon; and Cyclargus oualiri Brevignon syn. n. is C. woodruffi. Additionally, we report the discovery of C. thomasi noeli in Cuba (where this taxon was previously confused with C. ammon), report C. ammon from Hispaniola for the first time, and document the widespread sympatry of C. thomasi and C. ammon in the northern Caribbean (including south Florida, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Hispaniola, Lucayan Archipelago). Finally, we provide a provisional synonymic list of Cyclargus taxa, which may serve as a taxonomic framework to assist efforts to conserve the Miami blue (C. thomasi bethunebakeri (W. Comstock and Huntington)), a taxon listed as "Endangered" under the Endangered Species Act in the United States.
Trypanidius nocturnus Fisher, 1942 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Acanthocinini) is synonymized with Trypanidius insularis Fisher, 1925. Dorsal habitus photographs of the holotypes and paratypes, as well as male and females of specimens collected in Cuba, Puerto Rico and Hispaniola, are provided. Additionally, collecting data and a distributional map of Cuba are offered.
Bombus rufocinctus Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombini) is reported from Pennsylvania for the first time, new state record. A single female specimen was collected in a multi-colored bucket trap in 2017. This new record fills in gaps in the known range of this species in northeastern North America.
Melipona beecheii Bennett es una abeja común, nativa de México y otras áreas centroamericanas. Sobre su presencia en Cuba y Jamaica se ha especulado mucho. Se revisa el origen, los estudios realizados y el desarrollo de la meliponicultura en Cuba. Se presentan las principales características diferenciales entre M. beecheii y Apis mellifera Linnaeus, las dos únicas especies altamente sociales y manejadas por el hombre en Cuba. La tendencia histórica ha sido la captura independiente de colonias de M. beecheii, en estado salvaje, por campesinos sin entrenamiento. Estas colonias son mantenidas en el interior de los propios troncos o ramas de los árboles que alojaba la colonia, o son transferidas a cajas rústicas, llevadas cerca de la casa para su consumo particular. El mantenimiento de las colonias fue variable, observándose el uso de troncos huecos, cajas rústicas de maderas y cajas racionales. El uso de cajas racionales también fue variable, explotándose los modelos: Fernando de Oliveira, Nogueira Neto (PNN), Utrech-Tobago (UTOB) y Tecnología Intermedia con Bisagras de González-Acereto (TIBGA). Los pueblos aborígenes que poblaron las Antillas (grupos étnicos pertenecientes a los Arahuacos) antes de la llegada de Colón, no practicaban la cría de abejas, por lo que no las introdujeron en las tierras que iban ocupando. La introducción de M. beecheii en las Antillas debió ocurrir en algún momento entre los años 1500 y 1800, etapa de gran intercambio comercial de España con las culturas de Centroamérica. No hemos encontrado ningún documento histórico que mencione su introducción en Cuba. A pesar de las limitaciones económicas en Cuba, existe un interés en desarrollar la meliponicultura. En los últimos años se han incrementado las publicaciones sobre el tema y la voluntad por lograr una mejor organización, capacitación del personal, producción de miel y uso de las abejas como polinizadores de cultivos agrícolas. A partir de 2017 la Sociedad Cubana de Apicultores cambió su nombre a Sociedad Cubana de Apicultores y Meliponicultores para ir insertando progresivamente a los meliponicultores y como parte de la estrategia de desarrollo incluir aspectos de la meliponicultura.
The dung beetle fauna of the Big Bend region of Texas (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
(2018)
This paper reports the results of a 2001-2009 field study of the scarabaeine dung beetle fauna (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of the Big Bend region of Texas, a three-county area of the Trans-Pecos portion of the Chihuahuan Desert. The observed fauna comprises 10 native species, Canthon blumei Halffter and Halffter, C. imitator Brown, C. praticola LeConte, and C. mixtus Robinson; Onthophagus browni Howden and Cartwright, O. knausi Brown, O. velutinus Horn and O. brevifrons Horn; Copris arizonensis Schaeffer and Phanaeus texensis Edmonds; as well as two exotic species introduced in the 1970s, Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius) and Euoniticellus intermedius (Reiche). The existing native fauna antedates the completion of desertification approximately 9,000 yrs BP and is similar ecologically and taxonomically to those in southeastern Arizona and northern Mexico. Ecological distribution follows three broad, overlapping habitat zones: desert montane forest, desert grassland and desert scrub. Species accounts include diagnoses, geographic distribution data, and information on collection method, habitat distribution and daily activity.
Forty new provincial records, including two new aleocharine species for the province of Manitoba (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) are provided. The two new species, Acrotona manitobensis Klimaszewski and Godin, new species, and Atheta manitobae Klimaszewski and Godin, new species, are described and illustrated. Habitat information and new locality records are provided for the newly recorded species. The current number of Aleocharinae in Manitoba stands at 120 species, including 40 new records and two new species described here. A checklist of all currently recorded species from the province, with their distribution records in Canada and USA, is included.
Host flower records for 111 species of Cerambycinae, collected from 40 plant species (21 families) in three Bolivian Departments during the period 2002–2011 are presented for the following tribes: Basipterini, Callichromatini, Clytini, Compsocerini, Eburiini, Ectenessini, Heteropsini, Hexoplonini, Molorchini, Oxycoleini, Pteroplatini, Rhopalophorini, Tillomorphini, and Trachyderini. The importance of anthophilous cerambycids as pollinators, their behavior, and methods used for collecting them are presented, and some preliminary comparisons between the tropical fauna in the north and the temperate fauna in the Chaco forests of the south are outlined.
Seven new euptychiine (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) taxa are described and named herein, namely Harjesia argentata Nakahara, Zacca and Lamas, n. sp., Orotaygetis Nakahara and Zacca, n. gen., O. surui Nakahara, Zacca and Lamas, n. sp., Euptychoides sanmarcos Nakahara and Lamas, n. sp., Pseudeuptychia cuzquenya Nakahara and Lamas, n. sp., P. languida austrina Nakahara and Lamas, n. ssp., and Godartiana astronesthes Lamas and Nakahara, n. sp. A revisional note is provided for Harjesia Forster, 1964 and Pseudeuptychia Forster, 1964, and as a result, Taygetis vrazi Kheil, 1896 is removed from Harjesia and a new taxonomic arrangement, Pseudodebis vrazi n. comb., is proposed based on both morphology and molecular data.
Ten South American species are removed from the genus Odontocera Audinet-Serville (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and placed in Odontocroton Clarke new genus. The new genus is further organized into two informal groups. Group A includes Odontocroton flavicauda (Bates, 1873) new combination, Odontocroton flavirostris (Melzer, 1930) new combination, Odontocroton melzeri (Fisher, 1952) new combination and Odontocroton soror (Gounelle, 1911) new combination. Group B includes Odontocroton apicalis (Klug, 1825) new combination, Odontocroton quinquecallosus (Zajciw, 1963) new combination, Odontocroton sanguinolentus (Bates, 1873) new combination, Odontocroton septemtuberculatus (Zajciw, 1963) new combination, Odontocroton rufifrons (Fisher, 1937) new rank and new combination, and provisionally Odontocroton monnei (Zajciw, 1968), new combination. A monotypic new genus, Rhinobatesia Clarke, is described for the Central American species Rhinobatesia rugicollis (Bates, 1880) new combination, which was formerly in Odontocera. The Central American Odontocera nevermanni Fisher, 1930 is placed as a junior synonym of R. rugicollis, and Odontocera typhoeus Fisher, 1947 is placed as a junior synonym of Odontogracilis gracilis (Klug, 1825). A key to separate Odontocroton and Rhinobatesia as well as the species of the former is provided. All species are illustrated, including the tegmen of the aedeagus when available. Host flower records for the Bolivian species are also provided.
Despite being generally distributed and common on Cuba, Hispaniola, and in south Florida, species of Pyrgus Hübner (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), commonly known as checkered skippers, are very poorly known from The Bahamas. Previous records indicated the presence only of Pyrgus oileus (Linnaeus, 1767), just from Great Inagua Island, although its status on that island remains unclear. Herein we document P. oileus for the first time from Grand Bahama Island, suggesting an independent dispersal of this species to the northern Bahamas from south Florida. Furthermore, we document Pyrgus albescens Plötz, 1884 from Grand Bahama and Abaco islands, representing the first Caribbean records for this rapidly dispersing species. We suggest that both P. oileus and P. albescens arrived on Grand Bahama sometime between 2010 and 2014, most likely from south Florida, and that P. albescens has subsequently dispersed to Abaco. Careful study of Pyrgus species in The Bahamas is needed to document future colonization events.
A new species of soft scale from Mexico, Toumeyella crataegi Kondo and González sp. nov., (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) collected on Crataegus mexicana DC. (Rosaceae), is described and illustrated based on the adult female. An updated taxonomic key to the soft scale insects of the genus Toumeyella Cockerell known from Mexico is provided. The specific epithet of Toumeyella martinezi Kondo and González is here emended to T. martinezae. A checklist with information on geographical distribution, host plants and brief notes of all 18 currently known species of Toumeyella is provided.
Escarabajos longicornios (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae y Disteniidae) del Parque Nacional Darién, Panamá
(2018)
El Parque Nacional Darién (PND), nexo natural entre Sudamérica y Centroamérica, es el mayor parque nacional no sólo de Panamá sino también de Centroamérica. Su estratégica situación geográfica le convierten en un lugar de paso y de encuentro entre la fauna de América del Norte y América del Sur, donde los invertebrados y vertebrados endémicos son muy abundantes. Mediante el uso de trampas malaise y de luz ubicadas en diferentes puntos dentro del PND, se colectaron 183 individuos de 87 especies de escarabajos longicornios que representan a las familias Cerambycidae y Disteniidae. Además se reportan cuatro especies de escarabajos longicornios (Cerambycidae) por primera vez para Panamá: Lepturges (Lepturges) proximus Melzer, 1934, Cobelura wappesi Corbett, 2004, Adesmus pirauna Martins and Galileo, 1999 y Helvina lanuginosa Dillon and Dillon, 1945. Cylicasta nysa Dillon and Dillon, 1946, previamente reportada en Panamá por Hovore 1989, no está citada en el Catalogo de los Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) de la Región Neotropical de Monné, convirtiéndose en un registro olvidado para el país. Se da la distribución previa conocida para cada especie, así como los métodos de colecta e información adicional sobre los sitios de colecta de cada espécimen.
Conidera Rivalier, 1961 is a well-defined subgenus of tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) hitherto only known from two species endemic to the island of Luzon. This paper describes the first species from Mindoro, with a doubtful record from Mindanao. Cylindera (Conidera) mindoroana Zettel and Wiesner, new species, differs strongly by an unusual shape of the female’s elytra. A diagnosis for Conidera and a key to the species of this subgenus is presented.
Previously unpublished museum specimen records are presented for 23 species of the genus Xylocopa Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae) collected in portions of the countries of Bolivia, Brazil, Peru, and Venezuela within the Amazon River basin of South America. Dichotomous keys and dorsal habitus photographs are provided for the identification of females of the 13 species of Xylocopa subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener, and females of the 10 species of Xylocopa subgenus Schonnherria Lepeletier, that have been recorded to date from the Amazon River basin.
Brachyplatys subaeneus (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) es una especie de chinche originaria de Asia que fue reportada en 2016 por primera vez en Panamá y las Américas. Dicha especie es un organismo invasor considerado como una plaga potencial para los cultivos de guandú (Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth) y otras leguminosas. Debido a que no se había trabajado más en este chinche desde su reporte, este estudio busca generar información respecto a su distribución geográfica en el país, focalizada a lo largo de la costa Pacífica de Panamá, desde Tortí, Panamá Este, hasta la región de Chitré, provincia de Herrera. A pesar de presentar esta distribución consideramos que esta especie invasora puede tener ámbitos de distribución más amplios en Panamá, tomando en cuenta el hecho de que es una especie con una alta tasa de reproducción y colonización.
Morphological and cytochrome oxidase 1 (Cox1) data show that Aphis floridanae Tissot (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is not synonymous with A. nasturtii Kaltenbach. Instead, A. floridanae matches the morphological characters of A. impatientis Thomas. Additionally, the range of cytochrome oxidase 1 (Cox1) pair-wise distance of the multiple collections of A. impatientis on Cornus spp., Impatiens spp. and Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC. is 0–0.39%. Therefore, we conclude that A. floridanae Tissot, 1933 is a junior synonym of A. impatientis Thomas, 1878, new synonymy. In addition, A. impatientis is re-described, including first descriptions of the ovipara and alate male of that species.
Adultos de Omosita colon (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Nitidulinae) recolectados sobre cadáveres del cabrito (Capra aegagrus hircus (Linnaeus)) en las etapas de post-descomposición y esqueletonización, representa el primer reporte de esta especie en carroña para Saltillo, Coahuila, México. Para esta región de México se sugiere a O. colon como un indicador potencial en la entomología forense para determinar el periodo en que una persona o animal fallecen. Se presenta una descripción general del género y características taxonómicas de la especie para su identificación.
Two new species of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) are described from Bolivia: Compsibidion woodleyi Wappes, Santos-Silva and Galileo (Cerambycinae: Neoibidionina): and Drycothaea dozieri Wappes, Santos-Silva and Galileo (Lamiinae: Calliini). Illustrations of the new species are included. Mallodon downesii Hope, 1843 (Prioninae: Macrotomini) is reported for the first time in Costa Rica.
This paper contains nomenclatural acts concerning the genus Nigidius MacLeay in the stag beetle tribe Figulini Burmeister (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae). A revision of species in the obesus group results in the correction of multiple nomenclatural problems. A lectotype is designated for N. obesus Parry, and the identity of N. helleri Boileau is corrected. A new species, Nigidius gravelyi Paulsen, is described from Borneo. The synonymy of Nigidius larssoni de Lisle is transferred from N. obesus to N. dawnae Gravely.
Descriptions of two new species of false click beetles (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae) from the Bahamas
(2018)
Specimens of Eucnemidae collected in the Bahamas were re-evaluated following initial identifications completed in 2007. Two new species of false click beetle (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae) are described from several islands in the Bahamas. These new species are: Golbachia rufa sp. nov. and Fornax bahamiensis sp. nov. Diagnostic differences are noted for each species and compared with similar species found in both Cuba and the United States.
Rhagoletis cerasi (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is reported from Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, and Niagara County, New York, United States for the first time, new records. Specimens from Ontario were collected in 2016, and New York in 2017. This fly is subject to regulatory control and poses a risk to cherry and honeysuckle in North America.
A remarkable new species of Poecilocloeus (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Proctolabinae) found damaging coffee plantations in the Western Andes of Colombia is described and named P. coffeaphilus n. sp. This new species is part of a distinct and colorful group of Proctolabinae grasshoppers, with most species found at low altitudes in the rainforest of the Amazon basin. In contrast, the new species is found at elevations of 1600 to 1800 m in the canopy of dense cloud forests, in the southwestern part of the department of Antioquia (Western Cordillera, Colombian Andes). Information about the natural history, behavior, natural enemies and control strategies in coffee plantations is given for this new species of masked grasshopper. A key to the Neotropical species of the fruticolus species group is presented.
Two Norwegian uristid amphipods, obligate associates of sea anemones, have for a long time been confused sub nomine Onisimus normani Sars, 1890. In reality this species only occurs in south Norway, while the north-Norwegian material belongs to O. turgidus (Sars, 1879), described from the Barents Sea and for a long time forgotten. This paper fully illustrates both species, gives a key, and provides data on their distribution and ecology.
The new genus Thaicypridopsis gen. nov. described here belongs to the tribe Zonocypridini Higuti & Martens, 2012 in the subfamily Cypridopsinae Kaufmann, 1900. It is the first record of the Recent representatives within this tribe in Southeast Asia and Oriental regions. Thaicypridopsis gen. nov. has a number of remarkable characters that distinguish it from other genera in the subfamily: a submarginal row of distinctive tubercles on the postero-ventral part of the right valve in the interior view, a strong serrated claw G2 on the second antenna with an apical concavity, large bristles with hirsute endings and spatula-shaped apexes on all three maxillular endites and a bifurcate tip on the terminal claw of the second thoracopod. One new species, Thaicypridopsis longispinosa sp. nov., is described under this new genus in the present contribution. Apart from the above diagnostic characters, the new species also has long spines on the valve surface as its outstanding feature. The new taxon is morphologically compared with other related species and genera within and outside the subfamily Cypridopsinae. In addition, due to the new genus belonging to a group of genera with the left valve overlapping the right valve in the subfamily, a key to the genera within this group is given.
The Australian genus of Eurybrachidae Stål, 1862 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) Olonia Stål, 1862 is redescribed and reviewed. Seven new species are described: O. bourgoini sp. nov. (N Queensland, Chillagoe), O. danielsi sp. nov. (N Queensland, Cape York Peninsula), O. guillaumei sp. nov. (N Queensland), O. hochae sp. nov. (N Queensland, Undara), O. monteithi sp. nov. (Queensland), O. rylandae sp. nov. (N Queensland, Chillagoe) and O. soulierae sp. nov. (Queensland). Platybrachys nobilis (Stål, 1863) is transferred to Olonia and the new combination Olonia nobilis (Stål, 1863) comb. nov., is proposed. Olonia ornata Lallemand, 1928 and O. apicalis (Walker, 1851) are removed from Olonia and transferred to Platybrachys Stål, 1859 and Maeniana Metcalf, 1952, respectively. Hence, the new combinations Platybrachys ornata (Lallemand, 1928) comb. nov. and Maeniana apicalis (Walker, 1851) comb. nov. are proposed. The new genus Stalobrachys gen. nov. is described to accommodate Olonia alboapicata Jacobi, 1928 and the new combination S. alboapicata (Jacobi, 1928) gen. et comb. nov. is proposed. The male genitalia are illustrated and photographs of habitus, a distribution map, biological data and an identification key are provided. The genus Olonia currently contains twelve species and the genus Stalobrachys gen. nov. has one species.
Blow flies are the first insect group to colonize on a dead body and thus correct species identification is a crucial step in forensic investigations for estimating the minimum postmortem interval, as developmental times are species-specific. Due to the difficulty of traditional morphology-based identification such as the morphological similarity of closely related species and uncovered taxonomic keys for all developmental stages, DNA-based identification has been increasing in interest, especially in high biodiversity areas such as Thailand. In this study, the effectiveness of long mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and II (COI and COII) sequences (1247 and 635 bp, respectively) in identifying 16 species of forensically relevant blow flies in Thailand (Chrysomya bezziana, Chrysomya chani, Chrysomya megacephala, Chrysomya nigripes, Chrysomya pinguis, Chrysomya rufifacies, Chrysomya thanomthini, Chrysomya villeneuvi, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia papuensis, Lucilia porphyrina, Lucilia sinensis, Hemipyrellia ligurriens, Hemipyrellia pulchra, Hypopygiopsis infumata, and Hypopygiopsis tumrasvini) was assessed using distance-based (Kimura two-parameter distances based on Best Match, Best Close Match, and All Species Barcodes criteria) and tree-based (grouping taxa by sequence similarity in the neighbor-joining tree) methods. Analyses of the obtained sequence data demonstrated that COI and COII genes were effective markers for accurate species identification of the Thai blow flies. This study has not only demonstrated the genetic diversity of Thai blow flies, but also provided a reliable DNA reference database for further use in forensic entomology within the country and other regions where these species exist.
Species commonly assigned to the cheilostome bryozoan genus Onychocella Jullien, 1882 are numerous in deposits of Late Cretaceous age. Among these are 15 species with wide stratigraphical and geographical distributions that are better placed in the genus Rhagasostoma Koschinsky, 1885. These are used here to show similarities between Late Cretaceous bryozoan associations from Western Europe and Central Asia. Type and additional material was examined of several species from the Turonian to the Maastrichtian of Western Europe, including material studied by R.M. Brydone, E. Voigt and T.A. Favorskaya and undescribed material from the Campanian and Maastrichtian of several localities in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The new species Rhagasostoma brydonei sp. nov., R. aralense sp. nov. and R. operculatum sp. nov. are introduced. New and published data on the morphology and the stratigraphical and geographical distributions of R. inelegans (Lonsdale, 1850), R. gibbosum (Marsson, 1887), R. gibbosulum Brydone, 1936, R. rowei (Brydone, 1906) and R. mimosa (Brydone, 1930) is presented.
The Oriental species of the genus Sphegina Meigen, 1822 are revised. The following 43 new species are described: Sphegina (Sphegina) abbreviata sp. nov. (Nepal), S. (S.) angustata sp. nov. (Nepal), S. (Asiosphegina) albolobata sp. nov. (Vietnam), S. (Asiosphegina) amplistylus sp. nov. (Philippines), S. (A.) atrimanus sp. nov. (Vietnam), S. (A.) bifida sp. nov. (Sabah, Malaysia), S. (A.) bracon sp. nov. (Vietnam), S. (A.) brevipilis sp. nov. (China), S. (A.) clavigera sp. nov. (Vietnam), S. (A.) collicola sp. nov. (Malaysia), S. (A.) crinita sp. nov. (Java, Indonesia; Malaysia), S. (A.) dentata sp. nov. (Taiwan), S. (A.) distincta sp. nov. (Vietnam), S. (A.) exilipes sp. nov. (Java, Indonesia), S. (A.) farinosa sp. nov. (Sabah, Malaysia), S. (A.) fimbriata sp. nov. (Thailand), S. (A.) furcillata sp. nov. (Vietnam), S. (A.) ghatsi sp. nov. (India), S. (A.) gigantea sp. nov. (China), S. (A.) granditarsis sp. nov. (China), S. (A.) hamulata sp. nov. (India), S. (A.) hauseri sp. nov. (Nepal), S. (A.) incretonigra sp. nov. (Vietnam), S. (A.) inflata sp. nov. (Philippines), S. (A.) inventum sp. nov. (Sabah, Malaysia), S. (A.) karnataka sp. nov. (India), S. (A.) licina sp. nov. (Thailand), S. (A.) lobulata sp. nov. (Vietnam), S. (A.) lucida sp. nov. (Vietnam), S. (A.) nigrotarsata sp. nov. (Vietnam), S. (A.) nubicola sp. nov. (Thailand), S. (A.) ornata sp. nov. (China), S. (A.) perlobata sp. nov. (Taiwan), S. (A.) plautus sp. nov. (China), S. (A.) prolixa sp. nov. (Malaysia, Thailand), S. (A.) setosa sp. nov. (Nepal, India), S. (A.) spathigera sp. nov. (Philippines), S. (A.) spenceri sp. nov. (Vietnam), S. (A.) strigillata sp. nov. (Vietnam), S. (A.) taiwanensis sp. nov. (Taiwan), S. (A.) umbrosa sp. nov. (China), S. (A.) verrucosa sp. nov. (Vietnam) and S. (A.) vietnamensis sp. nov. (Vietnam). Sphegina. (A.) tenuis Brunetti, 1915 is not a synonym of S. (A.) javana de Meijere, 1914. The males of S. (A.) apicalis Shiraki, 1930, S. (A.) tricoloripes Brunetti, 1915 and S. (A.) varidissima Shiraki, 1930 and the females of S. (A.) achaeta Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015, S. (A.) index Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015, S. (A.) mirifica Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015 and S. (S.) quadriseta Huo & Ren, 2006 are described for the first time. Sphegina (S.) quadriseta is recorded for the first time in the Oriental region. A key to all the Oriental species of Sphegina is provided. The Oriental fauna of Sphegina now comprises 94 species.
The present paper deals with two new species, Yaginumaella pulchella sp. nov. and Yaginumaella hubeiensis sp. nov. Distributional data, as well as illustrations of body and copulatory organs, are provided. Descriptions of their morphology are given. The differences between the new species and their related taxa are discussed.
A large sample of Siphonophoridae from Brazil was studied; two morphological groups could be distinguished. Here species considered to be from the genus Columbianum Verhoeff, 1941 are examined in detail. The genus is known from Central and South America (Guatemala, Panama, Honduras, Guiana, Colombia, Peru and Brazil) and is characterised by a clear demarcation between head and rostrum in combination with long antennae, clearly surpassing the tip of the rostrum. A list of previously described species considered to belong to the genus is given; three new species are described: C. major sp. nov. has a large body size and a small head, C. nahvalr sp. nov. has a particularly pronounced domed head and a more castellated appearance to the body, C. adisi sp. nov. has a small body size and a very characteristic hind margin to the pleurites. Variation in the state of preservation of specimens hinders a diagnosis, but the examination of the accessory claw and details of the metazonital limbus and pleurite edges are helpful. Unusually for Diplopoda, the male gonopods are not very useful for identification. Ecological comments are given for each new species, one of which, C. adisi sp. nov., is from the seasonally flooded forest and appears to avoid inundation by climbing trees.
We present an overview of the morphological diversity and geographical distribution of the anostracan genus Dendrocephalus Daday, 1908, and describe two new species: D. aranai sp. nov. from Jequitinhonha in the state of Minas Gerais and D. xikrini sp. nov. from the Carajás Mountains (Serra dos Carajás) in the state of Pará. These species have important similarities to D. goiasensis Rabet & Thiéry, 1996 and D. thieryi Rabet, 2006, respectively, but differ from them and each other through a combination of characters that are essentially unique to the endopods, and frontal appendage branch 2A and branch 2D. We also partly redescribe D. carajaensis Rogers, Gomes & Vieira, 2012, which shows a particular intra-populational variability in branch 2A and 2D III of the frontal appendage, a type of polymorphism that was also recently observed in D. orientalis Rabet & Thiéry, 1996 and which must now be taken into account in taxonomy. In terms of the distribution of species of Dendrocephalus in Brazil, we suggest that several other species are probably present in the Amazonian, Cerrado and Pantanal Biomes, which remain largely unexplored. A new taxonomic key for the identification of males of the Brazilian species is provided.
A new species of Neostygarctus Grimaldi de Zio et al., 1982 is described from the Great Meteor Seamount summit plateau in the Northeast Atlantic. Neostygarctus grossmeteori sp. nov. is characterized by the number and position of dorsomedian spines (five spines on the cephalic plate and each body plate and on the caudal plate, the spines decreasing in length backwards); the presence of eyes and of one or two pairs of ventral cervical spines; a transversal row of two to five short but strong spikes on the ventral side of the lateral body processes; only the internal claws of each leg provided with a normal accessory spine. The new species is related to N. acanthophorus Grimaldi de Zio et al., 1982 but differs by details of the dorsal body spines and the sculptures, the presence of ventral neck spines and ventral spikes on lateral body projections. Neostygarctus grossmeteori sp. nov. differs from two other known species of Neostygarctus, N. oceanopolis Kristensen et al., 2015 (Condor Seamont, NE Atlantic) and N. lovedeluxe Fujimoto & Miyazaki, 2013 (submarine cave NW Pacific), even more obviously by the number and position of dorsal body spines.
The genus of Neotropical frogs Pseudopaludicola Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926 includes 23 species, which occur throughout South America. Herein we describe a new species of Pseudopaludicola from the central region of the state of Minas Gerais (southeastern Brazil). This new species is distinguished by the adult morphology, the advertisement call, and molecular data. It is diagnosed mainly by its small size, terminal phalanges knobbed (lack of any expansion of the digital tips), proportionally short hind limbs, and its advertisement call composed of series of two-pulsed notes, emitted at a high repetition rate. In addition, we report the occurrence of the new species in the southern foothills of the Serra do Cipó National Park, at elevations lower than 800 m above sea level (a.s.l). The sister species of this new taxon is P. mineira Lobo, 1994, which occurs in rupestrian grasslands above 1200 m a.s.l. at the Serra do Cipó National Park and in Serra do Cabral, both in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We also redescribe the advertisement call of P. mineira based on recordings from topotypical males and compare it to calls of related species.
Four new species of the tribe Clytrini Kirby, 1837, Labidostomis bcharrensis sp. nov. (Lebanon), Tituboea friedmani sp. nov. (Israel), Tituboea harteni sp. nov. (United Arab Emirates) and Tituboea radeki sp. nov. (Yemen, Oman), and the formerly unknown females of Labidostomis damavandensis Rapilly, 1984 and Saudiclytra wittmeri Medvedev, 1979 are described. The following new synonyms are proposed: Coptocephala coptocephaloides (Lacordaire, 1848) = Coptocephala furthi Medvedev, 1992 syn. nov., Labidostomis rufa (Waltl, 1838) = Labidostomis rufa (Lacordaire, 1848) syn. nov., Tituboea olivieri (Lacordaire, 1848) = Tituboea femoralis Medvedev, 1962 syn. nov., Saudiclytra wittmeri (Medvedev, 1979) = Saudiclytra spinifemorata Medvedev, El Torkey & Al Dhafer, 2014 syn. nov. A neotype is designated for Clythra (Tituboea) olivieri Lacordaire, 1848. Tituboea decemguttata Walker, 1871 is considered as nomen dubium. The variability of the elytral pattern of Afrophthalma arabica (Bryant, 1957) is delimited. New country records and comments on distribution of Clytrini species from the eastern Mediterranean, the Near East and the Arabian Peninsula are presented.
The South American genera of the Cimbicidae are reviewed. Five genera and nine species are recognized. Redescriptions of all genera and an identification key to all species are provided. All species are illustrated, including both sexes and aberrant specimens when relevant. The South American Cimbicidae are grouped in the subfamily Pachylostictinae, but there is substantial morphological divergence at the genus level. This and the isolated geographic and phylogenetic position relative to the other subfamilies of Cimbicidae indicates that the Pachylostictinae have evolved in isolation for a substantial amount of time. Host plant records are known for only one species, Pseudopachylosticta subflavata, which is mainly found in the Chacoan subregion. The distribution of the remaining species falls almost exclusively within the range of the Parana subregion forest provinces, a biome that has been much reduced by human activity in the past half millennium. It is likely that these rarely collected wasps are threatened by habitat degradation.
The Swedish species of Enicospilus are reviewed. Three species are described from Swedish material; Enicospilus cederbergi sp. nov., Enicospilus intermedius sp. nov. and Enicospilus ryrholmi sp. nov. Four species: Enicospilus cerebrator Aubert, 1966, Enicospilus combustus (Gravenhorst, 1829), Enicospilus merdarius (Gravenhorst, 1829) and Enicospilus myricae Broad & Shaw, 2016, are reported from Sweden for the first time. An illustrated key to the Swedish species of Enicospilus is provided. Validity of the new species is supported by DNA barcoding.
Muscid species of the 'Spilogona contractifrons species-group' (Spilogona alticola (Malloch, 1920), S. arctica (Zetterstedt, 1838), S. contractifrons (Zetterstedt, 1838), S. orthosurstyla Xue & Tian, 1988) and of the 'Spilogona nitidicauda species-group' (S. nitidicauda (Schnabl, 1911), S. hissarensis Hennig, 1959, S. imitatrix (Malloch, 1921), S. platyfrons Sorokina, 2018) are notoriously difficult to distinguish. In this paper, their morphological features are analysed, images of the male head, frons and abdomen of all the species are given, and the male terminalia are figured. The study of extensive material has shown that all the morphologically recognised species in each of these groups are valid species. An identification key is provided for both groups of species. To confirm the morphological differences, genetic differences in the cytochrome oxidase I gene of flies of the 'Spilogona contractifrons speciesgroup' and of the 'Spilogona nitidicauda species-group' were analysed. It is shown that members of both groups of species have not only distinguishing morphological characters but also fixed substitutions in the DNA sequences. Since a low interspecific polymorphism is known in the Muscidae Latreille, 1802, the revealed genetic distances confirm the existence of separate species or subspecies in each of the groups studied.
The Central Asian spider genus Anemesia Pocock, 1895 is rediagnosed and revised. The genus was found to contain 14 species: ♂♀ A. andreevae sp. nov. (Uzbekistan, Tajikistan); ♂♀ A. birulai (Spassky, 1937) (Turkmenistan); ♂♀ A. castanea sp. nov.; ♂♀ A. incana Zonstein, 2001, ♂♀ A. infumata sp. nov.; ♂♀ A. infuscata sp. nov.; ♂♀ A. karatauvi (Andreeva, 1968) (all Tajikistan); ♂ A. koponeni Marusik, Zamani & Mirshamsi, 2014 (Iran); ♂♀ A. oxiana sp. nov.; ♂♀ A. pallida sp. nov.; ♂ A. parvula sp. nov. (all Tajikistan); ♂♀ A. pococki sp. nov. (Turkmenistan); ♂♀ A. sogdiana sp. nov. (Uzbekistan, Tajikistan) and ♂♀ A. tubifex (Pocock, 1889), the type species (Afghanistan, Turkmenistan). Nine species are newly described; others are redescribed from types and/or conspecific material. Males of A. tubifex and females of A. birulai, hitherto unknown, are described for the first time. Data on the variability, relationships, distribution, and ecology of all considered species are provided.
The Neotropical fauna of Gyponini is very diverse and still poorly known. Many new species have characters that do not fit with the currently recognized genera, which makes it necessary to propose new ones. Herein, we propose two new Brazilian genera of Gyponini: Acuthana gen. nov., based on A. transgressa gen. et sp. nov. from the State of Mato Grosso, Central-West Brazil and Rectapona gen. nov. based on R. nigrifascia gen. et sp. nov. from the states of Paraná and São Paulo, South and Southeast Brazil, respectively. Diagnosis, detailed description and illustrations of male and female are provided for each taxon, as well as comparisons with closely related genera.
In order to consider the effects of online publishing on the career of researchers, as well as to encourage both its recognition and its improved positioning within the field and beyond, the CETAF Membership organized two workshops during which specific questions about scientific publishing in taxonomy were addressed: authorship citation and Open Access. The present opinion paper is the result of those workshops held on 19 October 2016 in Madrid and on 4 October 2017 in Heraklion. The discussions were aimed at reconciling the requirements of the relevant nomenclatural codes with recommendations for best practices that are adapted to the evolving landscape of e-publishing. By evaluating the different policies of a range of journals regarding authorship citation, we were able to recognise the conflicting and incoherent practices related to the citation of taxon authorships; an issue that is important to clarify for scientific (explicit source), practical (findability of source) and reputational (citation index) reasons. A collective policy on authorship citation also fits into the wider challenge faced by researchers and institutions, whereby interoperability and traceability become key priorities, both for facilitating access to scientific resources and for generating metrics that accurately represent the activities and output of the community. Publications resulting from publicly-funded research should be considered as an essential part of the research process and there has been a strong move towards Open Access, which increases visibility, citability, innovation and impact. Diverse models of Open Access have appeared in scientific publishing but while they each promote free access to the end user, they are not always equitable for the authors and funders of the original research. Herein we formulate recommendations for the relevant research communities and outline the advantages behind adopting a collective strategy towards the issues of authorship citation and Open Access.
Three new species of Rhizomyces Thaxt., parasitic on African stalk-eyed flies, are described. These are R. forcipatus W.Rossi & Feijen sp. nov., parasitic on various species of Centrioncus Speiser from Ivory Coast, Kenya and Malawi and Teloglabrus Feijen from South Africa; R. ramosus W.Rossi & Feijen sp. nov., parasitic on Diopsina nitida (Adams, 1903) from Uganda; R. tschirnhausii W.Rossi & Feijen sp. nov., parasitic on Diopsina africana (Shillito, 1940) from Uganda. All previous records of species of Rhizomyces are presented in tabulated form with updated host names. A key is presented to all species of Rhizomyces. The occurrence of Rhizomyces and other taxa of the Laboulbeniales Lindau in the genera of the Diopsidae Billberg is discussed.
A new species of the Afrotropical genus Genaemirum Heinrich, 1936 is described from a single female specimen from Guinea and compared to the closest species, G. rhinoceros Heinrich, 1967. Genaemirum filipazzii sp. nov. also provides the first record of the genus for West Africa. An updated key to the species is included.
Although cone snails are among the most studied group of gastropods, new species are still regularly described. Here, we focus on Afonsoconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013, a lineage that includes only two species from the Indo-Pacific Ocean. The analysis of molecular (partial mitochondrial cox1 gene sequences) and morphological (shell and radular tooth) characters revealed that the samples collected by dredging in deep water during a recent expedition carried out in the Mozambique Channel are different from the samples collected in the Pacific Ocean. We thus introduce here a new species, Afonsoconus crosnieri sp. nov., from the SW Indian Ocean including records from the Mozambique Channel, the Comoros and Glorieuses Islands, Madagascar, South Africa and Reunion Island.
During a survey of the fishes in the region of the Wonga-Wongué Presidential Reserve, 14 new populations of the subgenus Chromaphyosemion Myers, 1924 were found. These observations extend the previously known distribution range of the subgenus 120 kilometres southward. None of these populations could be related to any described species. Based on the colouration of the males and females, together with a genetic marker (mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b sequences), the populations studied are grouped into six new species which are described in this article, all close to Aphyosemion alpha Huber, 1998 with which they share the presence of a black alpha-shaped mark on the pre- and post-opercular region. The group composed of A. alpha and the six new species is referred to here as the A. alpha species group. All the new species, A. aurantiacum Chirio, Legros & Agnèse sp. nov., A. barakoniense Chirio, Legros & Agnèse sp. nov., A. flammulatum Chirio, Legros & Agnèse sp. nov., A. flavocyaneum Chirio, Legros & Agnèse sp. nov., A. pusillum Chirio, Legros & Agnèse sp. nov. and A. rubrogaster Chirio, Legros & Agnèse sp. nov., are further unambiguously diagnosed by unique combinations of colour patterns, making it possible to generate an identification key for the A. alpha species group. It is likely that the coastal dunes of Wonga-Wongué that form a sandy relief, could have led to the fragmentation and then isolation of the hydrographical networks that flow into the Atlantic Ocean, making possible a significant number of allopatric speciations.
Three new species of Willowsia collected from Guizhou Province, China are described here: W. sexachaeta sp. nov., W. christianseni sp. nov., and W. tanae sp. nov. They have spinulate scales on the body. Colour pattern and dorsal chaetotaxy are the main diagnostic characters for these species. A table summarizing the main differences between all Chinese Willowsia species is given.
Twenty species of the genus Chilocorus Leach, 1815 currently known from China are recorded, including two new species described here: C. nigricaeruleus Li & Wang sp. nov. and C. strenotubus Li & Wang sp. nov. Diagnoses and detailed descriptions of the new species are given. Each species is illustrated in detail, including genitalia. Distribution maps, a key to the Chinese species and a world checklist of Chilocorus are given.
Comparison of morphological and genetic data from New Zealand forest cave wētā suggests we should recognise the genus Miotopus proposed by Hutton (1898). A new species within this genus is described (Miotopus richardsi sp. nov.). Both Miotopus diversus (Hutton, 1898) and Miotopus richardsi sp. nov. are common in native forests and widespread in New Zealand. Here we provide their known distributions and key traits.
Although extensively studied by different authors over the past 150 years, the taxonomy of Canthon Hoffmannsegg, 1817 and allied genera (which are here informally referred to as 'Canthon sensu lato') still remains problematic. With the aim of resolving some of the questions surrounding these taxa, the present work reviews the taxonomy of one of them, the genus Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977. As defined here, Sylvicanthon is distributed mainly throughout the vast areas of tropical rainforests in the Neotropical region and includes 15 species divided into two groups: the enkerlini group, with a single species, S. enkerlini (Martínez et al., 1964) comb. nov., and the candezei group, with five subgroups: the candezei subgroup, with S. candezei (Harold, 1869), S. genieri sp. nov. and S. foveiventris (Schmidt, 1920); the aequinoctialis subgroup, with S. aequinoctialis (Harold, 1868) comb. nov. and S. proseni (Martínez, 1949) stat. et comb. nov.; the bridarollii subgroup, with S. bridarollii (Martínez, 1949), S. seag sp. nov., S. edmondsi sp. nov. and S. attenboroughi sp. nov.; the furvus subgroup, with S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920), S. monnei sp. nov., S. mayri sp. nov. and S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920); and the securus subgroup, with a single species, S. securus (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. Three species originally included in Sylvicanthon are here (re)transferred to Canthon: Canthon xanthopus Blanchard, 1846 and C. machadoi (Martínez & Pereira, 1967) comb. nov., as well as C. cobosi (Pereira & Martínez, 1960) stat. et comb. nov., which had been previously in synonymy under C. xanthopus. Descriptions, redescriptions, illustrations and comparative tables on the external morphology (including the genital capsule) of the genus and its species are presented, as well as a detailed discussion on their biogeography, comparative morphology, hypotheses on their phylogenetic relationships, data on natural history and a detailed historical revision of the classification of 'Canthon sensu lato'. Finally, we also discuss the socalled 'species problem' (i.e., the definition of the scientific term 'species') and its consequences to dung beetle taxonomy and favour the solution offered by the Biological Species Concept.
The family-group names of animals (superfamily, family, subfamily, supertribe, tribe and subtribe) are regulated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Particularly, the family names are very important, because they are among the most widely used of all technical animal names. A uniform name and spelling are essential for the location of information. To facilitate this, a list of familygroup names for fossil fishes has been compiled. I use the concept ‘Fishes’ in the usual sense, i.e., starting with the Agnatha up to the †Osteolepidiformes. All the family-group names proposed for fossil fishes found to date are listed, together with their author(s) and year of publication. The main goal of the list is to contribute to the usage of the correct family-group names for fossil fishes with a uniform spelling and to list the author(s) and date of those names. No valid family-group name description could be located for the following family-group names currently in usage: †Brindabellaspidae, †Diabolepididae, †Dorsetichthyidae, †Erichalcidae, †Holodipteridae, †Kentuckiidae, †Lepidaspididae, †Loganelliidae and †Pituriaspididae.
A revision of the genus Cicynethus Simon, 1910 (Araneae, Zodariidae), a tale of colour patterns
(2018)
The genus Cicynethus Simon, 1910 is revised. Apart from the type species C. peringueyi Simon, 1893, only known from a juvenile, it contains five species, all of which are here described or redescribed based on adults: C. acer sp. nov. (♂♀), C. decoratus (Lawrence, 1952) comb. nov (♂), C. floriumfontis Jocqué, 1991 (♂♀), C. mossambicus sp. nov. (♂♀) and C. subtropicalis (Lawrence, 1952) comb. nov. (♂♀). The species are characterized by the genitalia, but also by the colour pattern. The distribution of the genus is extended to northern Mozambique. Cicynethus hongfuchui is transferred to Storenomorpha hongfuchui (Barrion, Barrion-Dupo & Heong, 2013) comb. nov. Cicynethus acanthopus Simon, 1910 is considered a species incertae sedis. A key to the species is provided.
Cochlostoma revised: the subgenus Lovcenia Zallot et al., 2015
(Caenogastropoda, Cochlostomatidae)
(2018)
Five species of the subgenus Lovcenia of Cochlostoma (Cochlostomatidae) are recognized, three of which are described as new to science: C. (L.) tropojanum sp. nov., C. (L.) jakschae sp. nov. and C. (L.) lanatum sp. nov. A lectotype is designated for C. (L.) erika (A.J. Wagner, 1906). The shell and the genital tracts are described for all species and the distributional data are summarized.