590 Tiere (Zoologie)
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The bluebottle blow fly Calliphora vicina is a common species distributed throughout Europe that can play an important role as forensic evidence in crime investigations. Developmental rates of C. vicina from distinct populations from Germany and England were compared under different temperature regimes to explore the use of growth data from different geographical regions for local case work. Wing morphometrics and molecular analysis between these populations were also studied as indicators for biological differences. One colony each of German and English C. vicina were cultured at the Institute of Legal Medicine in Frankfurt, Germany. Three different temperature regimes were applied, two constant (16°C & 25°C) and one variable (17–26°C, room temperature = RT). At seven time points (600, 850, 1200, 1450, 1800, 2050, and 2400 accumulated degree hours), larval lengths were measured; additionally, the durations of the post feeding stage and intrapuparial metamorphosis were recorded. For the morphometric and molecular study, 184 females and 133 males from each C. vicina population (Germany n = 3, England n = 4) were sampled. Right wings were measured based on 19 landmarks and analyzed using canonical variates analysis and discriminant function analysis. DNA was isolated from three legs per specimen (n = 61) using 5% chelex. A 784 bp long fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was sequenced; sequences were aligned and phylogenetically analyzed. Similar larval growth rates of C. vicina were found from different geographic populations at different temperatures during the major part of development. Nevertheless, because minor differences were found a wider range of temperatures and sampling more time points should be analyzed to obtain more information relevant for forensic case work. Wing shape variation showed a difference between the German and English populations (P<0.0001). However, separation between the seven German and English populations at the smaller geographic scale remained ambiguous. Molecular phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood method could not unambiguously separate the different geographic populations at a national (Germany vs England) or local level.
Scholars have debated the taxonomic identity of isolated primate teeth from the Asian Pleistocene for over a century, which is complicated by morphological and metric convergence between orangutan (Pongo) and hominin (Homo) molariform teeth. Like Homo erectus, Pongo once showed considerable dental variation and a wide distribution throughout mainland and insular Asia. In order to clarify the utility of isolated dental remains to document the presence of hominins during Asian prehistory, we examined enamel thickness, enamel-dentine junction shape, and crown development in 33 molars from G. H. R. von Koenigswald's Chinese Apothecary collection (11 Sinanthropus officinalis [= Homo erectus], 21 “Hemanthropus peii,” and 1 “Hemanthropus peii” or Pongo) and 7 molars from Sangiran dome (either Homo erectus or Pongo). All fossil teeth were imaged with non-destructive conventional and/or synchrotron micro-computed tomography. These were compared to H. erectus teeth from Zhoukoudian, Sangiran and Trinil, and a large comparative sample of fossil Pongo, recent Pongo, and recent human teeth. We find that Homo and Pongo molars overlap substantially in relative enamel thickness; molar enamel-dentine junction shape is more distinctive, with Pongo showing relatively shorter dentine horns and wider crowns than Homo. Long-period line periodicity values are significantly greater in Pongo than in H. erectus, leading to longer crown formation times in the former. Most of the sample originally assigned to S. officinalis and H. erectus shows greater affinity to Pongo than to the hominin comparative sample. Moreover, enamel thickness, enamel-dentine junction shape, and a long-period line periodicity value in the “Hemanthropus peii” sample are indistinguishable from fossil Pongo. These results underscore the need for additional recovery and study of associated dentitions prior to erecting new taxa from isolated teeth.
In the period 18th – 31st May 2017, 33 localities were examined for Odonata in the Central Zagros area of Iran: 16 in Markazi Province, 14 in Lorestan Province and 3 in Esfahan Province; in 27 of those localities Odonata were found, 25 species in total. For Markazi Province, only one species, Calopteryx splendens, was previously reported (and also found by us), so of 17 species found there 16 are formally new provincial records (Epallage fatime, Lestes barbarus, Coenagrion ornatum, C. persicum, Enallagma cyathigerum, Ischnura elegans, I. intermedia, I. pumilio, Platycnemis kervillei, Anax imperator, Anaciaeschna isoceles, Caliaeschna microstigma, Libellula depressa, Onychogomphus lefebvrii, Orthetrum brunneum, Sympetrum fonscolombii). Of 17 species
found in Lorestan, 5 are new for this province (L. barbarus, Aeshna mixta, Orthetrum taeniolatum, Sympetrum arenicolor, S. striolatum). Only two species were seen in Esfahan Province, in which little time was spent. Notes on variation and taxonomy are provided for Sympecma paedisca, C. ornatum (considered to be a senior synonym of C. vanbrinkae because of variation in the presumed main diagnostic character), E. cyathigerum, I. elegans, Gomphus schneideri (including discussion of G. amseli), as well as notes on habitats of most species and the general characteristics of the area.
Biological invasions are frequently studied topics in ecological research. Unfortunately, within invasion ecology parasite-associated aspects such as parasite impacts on new environments and on local host populations are less well-studied. Round gobies migrating from the Ponto-Caspian region into the Rhine River system are heavily infested with the Ponto-Caspian acanthocephalan parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis. As shown by experimental infestations the acanthocephalans occur as pre-adults in host-encapsulated cysts within the internal organs of the migrating gobies, but remain infective for their definitive host chub. Recently, we described the occurrence of larvae of another parasite, the invasive eel swim bladder nematode Anguillicola crassus, in these Pomphorhynchus cysts. In the present study, we could prove the infectivity of the nematode larvae for European eels for the first time. After experimental inoculation of Pomphorhynchus cysts occasionally infested with A. crassus larvae, the nematodes grow to maturity and reproduce whereas all P. laevis were unviable. We therefore postulate that the nematode larvae behave like immunological hitchhikers that follow a “Trojan horse strategy” in order to avoid the paratenic host’s immune response. Accordingly, the interaction between both invasive parasites gives first evidence that the invasional meltdown hypothesis may also apply to parasites.
New field sampling was carried out in June 2011 in northern Moldova, the most unstudied area in the Republic of Moldova. A total of 19 Odonata species was recorded during a field trip, with Libellula fulva and Gomphus flavipes new for Moldova. The presence of species of European concern is discussed. Photos of all visited habitats are included. The fauna of Moldova mostly consists of species which are able to survive in biotopes with high anthropogenic pressure.
We describe three new species of damselflies from streams draining into Lake Kutubu in Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. They are Drepanosticta johncanni sp. nov. (Platystictidae), Pseudagrion parafarinicolle sp. nov. (Coenagrionidae) and Wahnesia kutubuensis sp. nov. (Argiolestidae). Diagnostic characters of the males and, where available of the females, are illustrated and the probable affinities of the new species are discussed.
A catalogue of all types of subfamilies Protoneurinae and Disparoneurinae currently housed in the entomological collection of the Museum für Naturkunde − Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science in Berlin (Germany) is presented. It includes current status of the familygroup, genusgroup and speciesgroup names, transcriptions of data labels and references to the original descriptions.
Records of Odonata from the Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary (LEWS) in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo are presented. Previous records of Odonata from LEWS are critically examined. One hundred and ten species have been recorded within the sanctuary, including three that have yet to be found outside (Drepanosticta adenani, Telosticta iban and "Elattoneura" mauros); records of four more species are regarded as in need of confirmation, those of another six are incorrect. In addition to the three species only known from LEWS, other notable records include: Drepanosticta sbong, Dysphaea lugens, Euphaea sp. cf basalis, Pericnemis kiautarum, Burmagomphus insularis, Gomphidia caesarea, Merogomphus species, Phaenandrogomphus safei, Macromia callisto and Idionyx montana. A fresh illustration of the anal appendages of Drepanosticta sbong in lateral view is provided to make up for inaccuracies in the original illustration. The taxonomy of Phaenandrogomphus safeii is briefly discussed. Zygonyx errans Lieftinck, 1953 is considered a subspecies of Z. ida not Z. iris Additional records from areas adjacent to LEWS are given in an appendix.
Sympetrum fonscolombii is for the first time reported for Tuva (Tyva Republic, Russia), as found in the UbsuNur Depression. New data are provided on Odonata of the Turan or TuranUyuk Depression of Tuva, including the first record of Somatochlora exuberata in Tuva beyond the Todzha Depression and Coenagrion armatum, C. ecornutum, Aeshna juncea, A. grandis, Somatochlora graeseri and Libellula quadrimaculata for the first time reported for the Turan Depression. New distributional data and comments on Ophiogomphus spinicornis Selys, 1878 are added. Somatochlora alpestris found at Lake Oyskoe is for the first time reported for the southern Krasnoyarskiy Kray.
An odonatological survey, based on sighting and photographic documenting, was conducted in Palawan and in Cuyo Island. Ten species were found in Cuyo Island raising the number of known species from five to eleven. There are six additions to the Cuyo Island fauna: Agriocnemis f. femina, Ischnura senegalensis, Pseudagrion microcephalum, Brachydiplax c. chalybea, Neurothemis fluctuans and Neurothemis t. terminata. The occurrence of Coeliccia boettcheri, known from Cuyo, but not recorded during this survey, is discussed in some detail. Forty species were recorded in Palawan. Four new additions to the Palawan fauna were recorded: Lestes p. praemorsus, Pseudagrion microcephalum, Xiphiagrion cyanomelas, and Anax guttatus. Neurobasis daviesi, a rare calopterygid damselfly endemic in Palawan, was encountered at the northern side of Cleopatra Needle during the survey.