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New collection records for Calusamyia hribari Coher (Diptera: Keroplatidae) are presented. Sufficient material has been amassed to make some statements about the species’ distribution, seasonality, and morphology. Calusamyia hribari occurs throughout the inhabited Florida Keys, from Key Largo to Key West. New island records include Boca Chica Key, Crawl Key, Summerland Key, Geiger Key, Dredger’s Key, Upper Matecumbe Key, Key Largo, Long Key, Tavernier, Windley Key, and Fat Deer Key. As yet it has not been collected from any uninhabited islands within wildlife refuges. About five times more males than females have been collected. Most specimens have been collected in the summer months, with May being the peak of abundance in traps. Females have two spermathecae, similar to other keroplatids.
This is the second part of a study of a large collection of Siphonophoridae Cook, 1895 from Brazil. Here, those without an abrupt division between the head and rostrum are considered. Two species have been distinguished and are described as Siphonophora setaepromissa sp. nov. and S. tuberculata sp. nov. Siphonophora hebetunguis (Attems, 1951) from the same region has many similarities with the two new species and is redescribed from type material. Comparisons have also been made with S. fuhrmanni Carl, 1914, and comments are made on the genera Cordillerium Verhoeff, 1941, Pterozonium Attems, 1951, Rhinosiphora Verhoeff, 1924, and Siphonophora Brandt, 1837. Finally, some suggestions for characters to look at in future collections of siphonophorids are made based on experience of this collection.
Small-scale phenotypic differentiation along complex stream gradients in a non-native amphipod
(2019)
Background: Selective landscapes in rivers are made up by an array of selective forces that vary from source to downstream regions or between seasons, and local/temporal variation in fitness maxima can result in gradual spatio-temporal variation of phenotypic traits. This study aimed at establishing freshwater amphipods as future model organisms to study adaptive phenotypic diversification (evolutionary divergence and/or adaptive plasticity) along stream gradients.
Methods: We collected Gammarus roeselii from 16 sampling sites in the Rhine catchment during two consecutive seasons (summer and winter). Altogether, we dissected n = 1648 individuals and quantified key parameters related to morphological and life-history diversification, including naturally selected (e.g., gill surface areas) as well as primarily sexually selected traits (e.g., male antennae). Acknowledging the complexity of selective regimes in streams and the interrelated nature of selection factors, we assessed several abiotic (e.g., temperature, flow velocity) and biotic ecological parameters (e.g., conspecific densities, sex ratios) and condensed them into four principal components (PCs).
Results: Generalized least squares models revealed pronounced phenotypic differentiation in most of the traits investigated herein, and components of the stream gradient (PCs) explained parts of the observed differences. Depending on the trait under investigation, phenotypic differentiation could be ascribed to variation in abiotic conditions, anthropogenic disturbance (influx of thermally polluted water), or population parameters. For example, female fecundity showed altitudinal variation and decreased with increasing conspecific densities, while sexual dimorphism in the length of male antennae—used for mate finding and assessment—increased with increasing population densities and towards female-biased sex ratios.
Conclusions: We provide a comprehensive protocol for comparative analyses of intraspecific variation in life history traits in amphipods. Whether the observed phenotypic differentiation over small geographical distances reflects evolutionary divergence or plasticity (or both) remains to be investigated in future studies. Independent of the mechanisms involved, variation in several traits is likely to have consequences for ecosystem functions. For example, leaf-shredding in G. roeselii strongly depends on body size, which varied in dependence of several ecological parameters.
Thirty-six species of various thecate hydroids occur in two recent, deep-water collections from off New Caledonia. Of these, nine are new, namely Solenoscyphus subtilis Galea, sp. nov., Hincksella immersa Galea, sp. nov., Synthecium rectangulatum Galea, sp. nov., Diphasia alternata Galea, sp. nov., Dynamena opposita Galea, sp. nov., Hydrallmania clavaformis Galea, sp. nov., Symplectoscyphus acutustriatus Galea, sp. nov., Symplectoscyphus elongatulus Galea, sp. nov. and Zygophylax niger Galea, sp. nov. The male and female gonothecae of Caledoniana decussata Galea, 2015, the female gonothecae of Caledoniana microgona Galea, 2015, as well as the gonothecae of both sexes of Solenoscyphus striatus Galea, 2015 are described for the first time. The systematic position of the genera Solenoscyphus Galea, 2015 and Caledoniana Galea, 2015 is discussed on both morphological and molecular grounds, and both are confidently placed within the family Staurothecidae Maronna et al., 2016. In light of the molecular data, the genera Billardia Totton, 1930 and Dictyocladium Allman, 1888 are assigned to the families Syntheciidae Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890 and Symplectoscyphidae Maronna et al., 2016, respectively. The previously undescribed gonothecae of Hincksella neocaledonica Galea, 2015, and the male gonothecae of Sertularella tronconica Galea, 2016, were found. Thyroscyphus scorpioides Vervoort, 1993, a peculiar hydroid with putative stem nematothecae, is redescribed and assigned to the new genus Tuberocaulus Galea, gen. nov. Noteworthy new records from the study area are: Tasmanaria edentula (Bale, 1924), Hincksella sibogae Billard, 1918, Dictyocladium reticulatum (Kirchenpauer, 1884), Salacia sinuosa (Bale, 1888) and Billardia hyalina Vervoort & Watson, 2003. Most species are illustrated to facilitate their identification, and the morphology of the new ones is compared to that of their related congeners.
Genera of Cryptognathini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are discussed and a key to all recognized genera is provided. Cryptognatha is revised, and species of this genus are keyed. New species, authored by González and Hanley, are Cryptognatha pam, C. kellie, C. hannah, C. whitney, C. karla, C. celia, C. shelia, C. gayle, C. della and C. vicki. The following new synonymies are proposed: Cryptognatha simillima Sicard = Cryptognatha gemellata Mulsant, Cryptognatha fryii Crotch = Cryptognatha pudibunda Mulsant, Cryptognatha bryanti Brèthes = Cryptognatha pudibunda Mulsant. Lectotypes are here designated for Cryptognatha amicta Gorham, C. weisei Brèthes, C. pudibunda Mulsant and C. fryii Crotch.
Twenty new species are described in Pentilia Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Scymninae: Cryptognathini) by Gordon and González: Pentilia bernadette, P. chelsea, P. dianna, P. elena, P. ernestine, P. estelle, P. kari, P. jasmine, P. jody, P. kendra. P. krystal, P. lora, P. mable, P. muriel, P. nichole, P. nadine. P. paulette, P. rachael, P. sadie and P. traci. A lectotype is here designated for Pentilia egena Mulsant.
Seventy-four species, forms and varieties of Cubitermes Wasmann, 1906 have been studied, including taxa placed in synonymy with other species. Within this group of taxa, the enteric valve, mainly of the workers and soldiers, provided the best and the only clear-cut criteria for distinguishing some major subsets that are proposed here as species groups.The genus Cubitermes is re-described; the morphologies of the enteric valves are described in detail including the number of spatulae at the downstream end of the primary cushions; the possible presence of crests or bulges near the downstream end of the primary cushions; the overall shape of the primary cushions; the number of lateral supporting bristles; the kind of symmetry of the valve; and the structure of the secondary cushions. These characteristics are used to define nine species groups. For now, these groups have no taxonomic ranking but are helpful as regards species recognition. Identification keys for species groups are provided for soldiers and workers together with a partial key for imagines. Geographical ranges of the groups are also provided. On the basis of enteric valve morphology, some synonymies can no longer be validated: (a) C. planifrons Sjöstedt, 1924 is not a synonym of C. fungifaber (Sjöstedt, 1896); (b) C. kemneri Emerson, 1928 is not a synonym of C. zenkeri (Desneux, 1904); and (c) C. fungifaber var. elongata Sjöstedt, 1924 does not belong to the species C. fungifaber. Cubitermes planifrons and C. kemneri become valid again and C. fungifaber var. elongata is an invalid name.
A recent survey of the mangroves around Hong Kong revealed the presence of seven species of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart, 1827. All belong to a group of yellow species that occur exclusively in mangroves. Three species were previously known: Elaphropeza calcarifera Bezzi, 1912 and E. xanthocephala Bezzi, 1912, both from Taiwan, and E. riatanae Shamshev & Grootaert, 2007 from Singapore. Four species are new to science: Elaphropeza furcatella sp. nov., E. guenardi sp. nov., E. hongkongensis sp. nov. and E. hongshulin sp. nov. All seven species are described or an extended diagnosis is provided. All species are figured and NGS barcodes are made available. A key is given for the Hong Kong species and their siblings from Singapore and Taiwan. Remarkable is that five of the seven species are more or less closely related to species occurring in Singapore. Genetic distances and morphologic differences are congruent. The species turnover between the northern part and the southern part of the South China Sea is high, with only one of the seven species present in both regions.
Background: Developmental biology relies to a large extent on the observation and comparison of phenotypic traits through time using high resolution microscopes. In this context, transparent model organisms such as the zebrafish Danio rerio in which developing tissues and organs can be easily observed and imaged using fluorescent proteins have become very popular. One limiting factor however is the acquisition of a sufficient amount of data, in standardized and reproducible conditions, to allow robust quantitative analysis. One way to improve this is by developing mounting methods to increase the number of embryos that can be imaged simultaneously in near-to-identical orientation.
Results: Here we present an improved mounting method allowing semi-automated and high-content imaging of zebrafish embryos. It is based on a 3D-printed stamp which is used to create a 2D coordinate system of multiple μ-wells in an agarose cast. Each μ-well models a negative of the average zebrafish embryo morphology between 22 and 96 h-post-fertilization. Due to this standardized and reproducible arrangement, it is possible to define a custom well plate in the respective imaging software that allows for a semi-automated imaging process. Furthermore, the improvement in Z-orientation significantly reduces post-processing and improves comparability of volumetric data while reducing light exposure and thus photo-bleaching and photo-toxicity, and improving signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Conclusions: We present here a new method that allows to standardize and improve mounting and imaging of embryos. The 3D-printed stamp creates a 2D coordinate system of μ-wells in an agarose cast thus standardizing specimen mounting and allowing high-content imaging of up to 44 live or mounted zebrafish embryos simultaneously in a semi-automated, well-plate like manner on inverted confocal microscopes. In summary, image data quality and acquisition efficiency (amount of data per time) are significantly improved. The latter might also be crucial when using the services of a microscopy facility.
Four new species in the genus Amphicnaeia (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) are described: A. panamensis Wappes, Santos-Silva and Galileo and A. fuscofasciata Wappes, Santos-Silva and Galileo from Panama; A. bezarki Wappes, Santos-Silva and Galileo from Venezuela; and A. rileyi Wappes, Santos-Silva and Galileo from Costa Rica and Panama. Amphicnaeia affinis Breuning, 1940 is placed in synonymy with A. lineata Bates, 1866, and the species newly recorded from the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Amphicnaeia cordigera Aurivillius, 1920 is transferred to Rosalba Thomson, 1864, resulting in a new combination, and Rosalba rufescens Breuning, 1940, is found to be a junior synonym of the former. The holotypes of A. vitticollis Breuning, 1940, and A. villosula (Thomson, 1868) are illustrated for the first time.
Walter Biese described Littoridina santiagensis Biese, 1944 (Cochliopidae) from Estero Dehesa in 1944 based exclusively on external shell features and a second allopatric population in Yeso Spring three years later. Since 2011 different samplings have been carried out at the type locality and have only provided specimens of the morphologically similar invasive mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum Gray, 1843 (Tateidae), raising doubts about the identity of the species. The recent finding of two snail morphotypes in Yeso Spring, a thick shelled form congruent with type specimens of L. santiagensis and a slender one morphologically associable to P. antipodarum, allowed comparative studies, including the taxonomic analysis of additional populations with similar shell morphology occurring in central Chile. A DNA barcoding (COI) approach identified the slender form from Yeso Spring in Maipo Basin and a second population from the contiguous Rapel Basin indeed as the invasive P. antipodarum; however, L. santiagensis was recovered among species of Potamolithus Pilsbry, 1896 (Tateidae), justifying the Potamolithus santiagensis (Biese, 1944) comb. nov. Besides recognition of three other populations as belonging to Potamolithus, the molecular analysis also suggests trans-Andean dispersal of this group of snails in the Southern Cone of South America.
The gigas species group of the subgenus Canthidium (Neocanthidium) is defi ned and described. This species group is composed of three described species [C. gigas Balthasar, 1939, Brazilian Atlantic Forest, including intrusions into Cerrado, C. bokermanni (Martínez et al., 1964), Chaco and western Cerrado in Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina, and C. kelleri (Martínez et al., 1964), Brazilian Cerrado and neighbouring open areas] and three new species: Canthidium stofeli sp. nov. from the western and southern regions of the Brazilian Amazon, Canthidium feeri sp. nov. from French Guiana, and Canthidium ayri sp. nov. from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We present descriptions and redescriptions, illustrations, an identifi cation key and comments on the distributions of the species of the gigas group.
Virpazaria Gittenberger, 1969 is distributed in the Balkan Peninsula (Albania, Montenegro and Croatia) and inhabits the shallow subterranean habitat (MSS) on limestone base rock. Reviewing historical and recently collected material, two species, Virpazaria (Virpazaria) gittenbergeri Fehér & Erőss sp. nov. and Virpazaria (Virpazaria) pesici Fehér & Deli sp. nov., are introduced as new to science. The conservation status of the new species are assessed using IUCN criteria. Two taxa, Virpazaria (Virpazaria) pageti alexanderi Reischütz & Subai, 2012 and Virpazaria (Aemiliella) ripkeni pastorpueri Reischütz et al., 2011, are synonymized with their nominate subspecies. Some new distribution records, as well as geological and geomorphological data about the known locations for Virpazaria, are presented.
The Tallahatta Formation, Lisbon Formation, and Gosport Sand are the three lithostratigraphic units that make up the lower-to-middle Eocene Claiborne Group. In Alabama, these marine units are among the most fossiliferous in the state and a long history of scattered reports have attempted to document their fossil diversity. In this study, we examined 20 931 elasmobranch and bony fish elements, including otoliths, derived from Claiborne Group units in Alabama and identified 115 unequivocal taxa. Among the taxa identified, one new species is described, Carcharhinus mancinae sp. nov., and Pseudabdounia gen. nov. is a new genus erected to include two species formerly placed within Abdounia Capatta, 1980. New taxonomic combinations proposed include Pseudabdounia claibornensis (White, 1956) gen. et comb. nov., Pseudabdounia recticona (Winkler, 1874) gen. et comb. nov., Physogaleus alabamensis (Leriche, 1942) comb. nov., and Eutrichiurides plicidens (Arambourg, 1952) comb. nov. We also report the first North American paleobiogeographic occurrences of Aturobatis aff. A. aquensis Adnet, 2006, Brachycarcharias atlasi (Arambourg, 1952), Eutrichiurides plicidens comb. nov., Galeorhinus louisi Adnet & Cappetta, 2008, Ginglymostoma maroccanum Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997, Gymnosarda sp., Mennerotodus sp., Rhizoprionodon ganntourensis (Arambourg, 1952), Stenoscyllium aff. S. priemi Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997, Trichiurus oshosunensis White, 1926, and the first North American occurrence for a fossil member of the Balistidae Risso, 1810. Our sample also included 26 taxa that represented first paleobiogeographic occurrences for Alabama, including Abdounia beaugei (Arambourg, 1935), Albula eppsi White, 1931, Ariosoma nonsector Nolf & Stringer, 2003, Anisotremus? sp., Anomotodon sp., Brachycarcharias twiggsensis (Case, 1981), Burnhamia daviesi (Woodward, 1889), Eoplinthicus yazooensis Capetta & Stringer, 2002, Galeorhinus ypresiensis (Casier, 1946), Gnathophis meridies (Frizzell & Lamber, 1962), Haemulon? obliquus (Müller, 1999), Hypolophodon sylvestris (White, 1931), Malacanthus? sulcatus (Koken, 1888), Meridiania cf. M. convexa Case, 1994, Palaeocybium proosti (Storms, 1897), Paraconger sector (Koken, 1888), Paralbula aff. P. marylandica Blake, 1940, Phyllodus toliapicus Agassiz, 1844, Propristis schweinfurthi Dames, 1883, Pycnodus sp., Pythonichthys colei (Müller, 1999), Scomberomorus stormsi (Leriche, 1905), Signata stenzeli Frizzell & Dante, 1965, and Signata nicoli Frizzell & Dante, 1965, and the first Paleogene occurrences in Alabama of a member of the Gobiidae Cuvier, 1816. A biostratigraphic analysis of our sample showed stratigraphic range extensions for several taxa, including the first Bartonian occurrences of Eoplinthicus yazooensis, Jacquhermania duponti (Winkler, 1876), Meridiania cf. M. convexa, Phyllodus toliapicus, and “Rhinobatos” bruxelliensis (Jaekel, 1894), range extensions into the late Ypresian and Bartonian for Tethylamna dunni Cappetta & Case, 2016 and Scoliodon conecuhensis Cappetta & Case, 2016, the first late Ypresian records of Galeorhinus louisi, the first Lutetian occurrence of Gymnosarda Gill, 1862, and a range extension for Fisherichthys aff. F. folmeri Weems, 1999 into the middle Bartonian. Larger biostratigraphic and evolutionary trends are also documented, such as the acquisition of serrations in Otodus spp., possible population increases for the Rhinopterinae Jordan & Evermann, 1896 and Carcharhiniformes Compagno, 1973 in the Bartonian, and the apparent diversification of the Tetraodontiformes Berg, 1940 during the same stage. This study helps better our understanding of earlyto-middle Eocene elasmobranch and bony fish diversity, paleobiogeography, and biostratigraphy in the Gulf Coastal Plain of North America.
Neopanorpa van der Weele, 1909 is the second largest genus in Panorpidae, and over 170 Oriental species have been reported hitherto. In this paper, we describe two new species: Neopanorpa luojishana sp. nov. and Neopanorpa xingmini sp. nov. from Southwest China. We also report the first discovery of the male of Neopanorpa ocellaris (Navás, 1908) from Guangxi and Guizhou, China, a species recorded from Sikkim previously. Neopanorpa brevivalvae Chou & Wang, 1988 is synonymized with Neopanorpa lungtaushana Cheng, 1957. In addition, Neopanorpa furcula nom. nov. is proposed for Neopanorpa furcata Zhou, 2005, a junior homonym preoccupied by Neopanorpa furcata (Hardwicke, 1825). The biogeographical implications of some Neopanorpa species are discussed in brief.
There are 214 species of the suborder Tipulomorpha (Diptera) known from Panama. Of these, 162 species were described by the noted American entomologist, Charles Paul Alexander, from Panama during the period from 1912 through 1979. Panama hosts two of the four families found within the Tipulomorpha: Limoniidae (197 species) and Tipulidae (17 species). We have records of only three species from multiple provinces (n = 2) within Panama and 211 species from just one province. The vast majority of the latter are known from a single location within their respective provinces. There are 142 endemic species (66.4%) included in Panama’s Tipulomorpha fauna, with the remainder being found elsewhere in South America (48 species), Central America (44), Mexico (23 species), the Caribbean (14 species), and the United States (4 species). Whereas, this taxonomic group has benefited from collecting in the Canal Zone and the popular western highlands in Chiriqui Province, we know little or nothing of the distribution of species within the country, their natural history, or their relationship to water quality.
First records of Elachistinae are given from Thailand. Ten species of Elachistinae are reported, eight of which are described as new: Urodeta longa Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov., Elachista buszkoi Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov., E. oryx Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov., E. pellineni Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov., E. capricornis Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov., E. phichaiensis Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov., E. loeiensis Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov. and E. siamensis Sruoga & Kaila sp. nov. The new species are diagnosed and illustrated with photographs of the adults and genitalia. One species remains unidentified to species level.
In two separate occurrences, graduates of the Oregon Forest Pest Detector program discovered the exotic Agrilus cyanescens (Ratzeburg) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Portland, Oregon, damaging a backyard shrub, Lonicera involucrata (Rich.) Banks ex Spreng. (Caprifoliaceae). Although first detected in the USA 99 years ago, the known occurrence nearest to Oregon is in Utah.
Jeekelosoma Mauriès, 1985, is upgraded from subgenus status under Eviulisoma Silvestri, 1910 to full genus status. The type species, Jeekelosoma abadi (Mauriès, 1985) is redescribed based on topotypical material from a cave in Morocco. Jeekelosoma heptarachne sp. nov. and J. viginti sp. nov. are described from two further Moroccan caves.
The new Southeast Asian genus Cambonilla gen. nov. (Zodariidae, Araneae): 'bis repetita placent'
(2019)
The new genus Cambonilla Jocqué gen. nov. is described on the base of two species, each known from both sexes. A cladistic analysis based on morphology, showed that the new genus is the sister-group of Heliconilla Dankittipakul, Jocqué & Singtripop, 2012 with which it shares the granulated carapace with branched setae and the marbled ventral abdominal pattern, but differs by the abdominal, tubular sclerotized protrusion around the pedicel in males and the absence of posterior ventral abdominal spines in the female. The type species Cambonilla securicula Jocqué gen. et sp. nov. was found in rainforest along the Mekong River in Cambodia and Laos. The second species Cambonilla symphonia Jocqué & Henrard gen. et sp. nov., provided with conspicuous femoral stridulating organs, was recorded from the same localities but in Cambodia only. An illustrated key to the genera of tropical Asia is presented.
Coronuloid barnacles are epibionts of several marine vertebrates (including cetaceans and sea turtles) as well as invertebrates, and are assigned to two families of turtle barnacles (Chelonibiidae Pilsbry, 1916 and Platylepadidae Newman & Ross, 1976) and one family of whale barnacles (Coronulidae Leach, 1817). Chelonibiids and coronulids have a scanty, albeit significant fossil record extending back to the Eocene and Pliocene, respectively; in turn, the fossil record of platylepadids is limited to a single record from the Upper Pleistocene. Here we report on an isolated carinolateral compartment of Platylepas Gray, 1825, the type genus of the family, from Lower Pleistocene (Gelasian) epibathyal deposits exposed at Milazzo (Sicily, Italy). This specimen is here designated holotype of a new species, †Platylepas mediterranea sp. nov. We argue that, like most extant members of Platylepas, †P. mediterranea sp. nov. lived partially embedded in the skin of a sea turtle. This record of an extinct platylepadid – the first from the Mediterranean region and the second worldwide – pushes back the fossil record of Platylepadidae to the lowermost Quaternary, thus possibly supporting an even earlier (e.g., Neogene) timing for the origin of this family and adding a new chapter to the evolutionary history of one of the most diverse and successful lineages of epizoic crustaceans.
The Palearctic flea beetle Epitrix pubescens (Koch) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) is reported as established in North America. It is recorded in the United States from Illinois, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Oregon, and Wisconsin, and in Canada from the Provinces of Nova Scotia, Ontario, and Quebec. The oldest records are from 1975. The species has been reported feeding on Solanum dulcamara L. (Solanaceae). Full distributional information and reference photos for identification are provided. Epitrix pubescens may have avoided detection for such a long time due to its size, difficulty of identification, and affinity for a weed rather than agricultural crops. The more than 40-year lag between arrival and discovery of an immigrant species illustrates the importance of routine biodiversity monitoring efforts and taxonomic works.
Eleven species of Ctenopelma Holmgren, 1857 are reported from China. Five species are new to science: C. labiatum Sheng, Sun & Li sp. nov., from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, C. lii Sheng, Sun & Li sp. nov., from Liaoning province, C. rufofasciatum Sheng, Sun & Li sp. nov., reared from Cephalcia lariciphila (Wachtl, 1898) from Beijing, C. pineatum Sheng, Sun & Li sp. nov., reared from Acantholyda posticalis (Matsumura, 1912) and Cephalcia lariciphila from Beijing and Henan, Shanxi, Shan’xi, Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, and C. spiraculare Sheng, Sun & Li sp. nov., reared from Cephalcia lariciphila from Henan and Shanxi provinces. One species, C. nigrum Holmgren, 1857, reared from Cephalcia lariciphila in Beijing, is a new record for China. Ctenopelma tomentosum (Desvignes, 1856) was reared from Neurotoma sibirica Gussakovskij, 1935 (new host record) in Liaoning province. A key to species of Ctenopelma known in China is provided.
A total of nine families of Trichoptera were identified from material collected in Malaise and light traps in the western part of Nyungwe National Park, southwestern Rwanda, late October 2018. Included in the material was an undescribed species of Pisuliidae which is described herein as Silvatares laetae Ngirinshuti & Johanson sp. nov. The new species adds to the six Pisuliidae species previously recorded for the East African region, five endemic to Tanzania and one to Uganda. This study portrays the first results of an ongoing survey on the Trichoptera fauna of Rwanda.
The Quebrada Rambala drainage is found immediately south and south-southeast of the town of Chiriqui Grande and east of Rambala on the Caribbean coast. It is one of two tributaries of the Rio Margarita watershed, a small, lowland drainage with elevations up to 180 m. During the 2014-2017 period, collections of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera), employing both UV-light and Malaise traps, were made at two locations on Quebrada Rambala proper, and four locations on its unnamed tributary, all on a land area of approximately 1 ha. As a result, 127 species of caddisflies were identified, including 59 species of microcaddisflies. A non-parametric estimator of true, or potential, species richness based on rare species present for this watershed is 211 species. Previously, 19 new country records were published from this location. In this paper, we record three additional country records (Hydrobiosidae: Atopsyche minimajada Blahnik and Gottschalk; Hydroptilidae: Leucotrichia rhomba Thomson and Holzenthal and Oxyethira (Oxytrichia) apinolada Holzenthal and Harris) and describe and illustrate 19 new species of microcaddisflies (Alistotrichia bernali, Cerasmatrichia blahniki, Costatrichia santosi, Metrichia macdonaldi, M. thomsonae, M. thurmani, M. trebeki, Neotrichia carlsoni, N. rambala, N. serrata, N. starki, Ochrotrichia birdae, O. dewalti, O. kondratieffi, Oxyethira buenoi, Rhyacopsyche holzenthali, Tizatetrichia panamensis, Zumatrichia flinti, and Z. hazelae). Combined, this one small portion of the Quebrada Rambala has increased Panama’s caddisfly fauna by 41 species of microcaddisflies. Additionally, several new species of macrocaddisflies await description. Finally, we add one new genus to Panama’s fauna (Hydroptilidae: Tizatetrichia Harris, Flint, and Holzenthal). With the publication of these new taxa, Panama’s caddisfly fauna now includes 403 species in 15 families and 53 genera. We also suggest that multiple collections over time for all stream orders, employing several collection methods, are required in order to better estimate species richness within a drainage.
Herein we describe three new species of Smicridea McLachlan (S. (S.) lata, S. (S.) spatulata, and S. (S.) dividua) from Panama in the nigripennis species group (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). The nigripennis species group is characterized by having a rather complex phallic apparatus, open anteroventrally and posterodorsally, with ventral and lateral portions produced into lobes, and with spines and other structures arising from the endothecal membranes. All three species resulted from a 2017 survey of Omar Torrijos and Santa Fe National Parks. Twenty-six species of Smicridea, nine of them endemic, are now known from Panama.
Herein we describe five new species in the trichopteran family Glossosomatidae Wallengren (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Panama: Mortoniella calovebora Blahnik and Armitage, n. sp., M. yayas Blahnik and Armitage, n. sp., Protoptila inflata Blahnik and Armitage, n. sp., P. totumas Blahnik and Armitage, n. sp., and P. rambala Blahnik and Armitage, n. sp. Three of the species were collected as part of ongoing biological surveys of Panama’s national parks. We also record three new country records for Panama for this family: Culoptila costaricensis Flint, 1974, Mortoniella opinionis Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008, and Protoptila spirifera Flint, 1974. Thirty-one species of glossosomatid caddisflies, nine of them endemic, are now known from Panama.
Atelopus is a species-rich group of Neotropical bufonids. Present knowledge on bioacoustics in this genus is relatively poor, as vocalisations have been described in only about one fifth of the ca. 100 species known. All studied members of the genus produce vocalisations although, with a few exceptions, most species lack a middle ear. Nonetheless, hearing has been demonstrated even in earless Atelopus making bioacoustics in these toads an inspiring research field. So far, three structural call types have been identified in the genus. As sympatry is uncommon in Atelopus, calls of the same type often vary little between species. Based on recordings from the 1980s, we describe vocalisations of three Venezuelan species (A. carbonerensis, A. mucubajiensis, A. tamaense) from the Cordillera de Mérida, commonly known as the Andes of Venezuela and the Tamá Massif, a Venezuelan spur of the Colombian Cordillera Oriental. Vocalisations correspond, in part, to the previously identified call types in Atelopus. Evaluation of the vocalisations of the three species presented in this study leads us to recognise a fourth structural call type for the genus. With this new addition, the Atelopus acoustic repertoire now includes (1) pulsed calls, (2) pure tone calls, (3) pulsed short calls and (4) pure tone short calls. The call descriptions provided here are valuable contributions to the bioacoustics of these Venezuelan Atelopus species, since all of them have experienced dramatic population declines that limit possibilities of further studies.
Thopeutica (Thopeutica) petertaylori Medina, Cabras and Wiesner (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), new species, is described from the Cagan river, New Bataan, Mindanao. It is characterized by the metallic ground colour of the elytra, prominent middle tooth in the labrum, and bottle-shaped aedeagus with apical hook.
Adults of three known species of Ochodaeus Dejean (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Ochodaeidae) in Madagascar have a strongly granulate pronotum. Three new species are described herein that have a smooth or weakly granulate pronotum: Ochodaeus modopunctatus, O. polypollicatus, and O. meandrus. A key to the species of Ochodaeus from Madagascar is provided.
The present study is based on the genus Cotesia Cameron,1891 collected from Khuzestan Province in the Southwestern part of Iran during 2016–2017. Nine species (+200 specimens) of the genus Cotesia were collected and identified. We recognised three new species, which we describe and illustrate here: Cotesia elongata Zargar & Gupta sp. nov., C. khuzestanesis Zargar & Gupta sp. nov. and C. zagrosensis Zargar & Gupta sp. nov. Two species are recorded for the first time from Iran: Cotesia cynthiae (Nixon, 1974) and C. glabrata (Telenga, 1955). A faunistic list with species distribution in Iran, a modified key to include the new species and brief diagnoses for the new records from Iran are provided.
The genus Rhaphium Meigen, 1803 is recorded for the first time from mangroves in Hong Kong. Three species are described as new to science: Rhaphium hongkongense sp. nov. and Rhaphium spinulatum sp. nov., both tentatively belonging to the Rhaphium crassipes group sensu Negrobov & Grichanov (2010), and Rhaphium canniccii sp. nov. assigned to a new species group, the Rhaphium micans group. The status of Rhaphium mediocre (Becker, 1922) described from Taiwan and Rhaphium eburnea (Parent, 1926) from Shanghai is discussed. NGS barcodes for the new species are provided.
Three new species of the genus Mimetus Hentz, 1832 are described and named as M. bucerus sp. nov. (♂), M. lingbaoshanensis sp. nov. (♂♀) and M. yinae sp. nov. (♂♀). Detailed morphological descriptions, photos of the body and copulatory organs, line drawings of copulatory organs, as well as the distribution maps are provided.
In the course of working on new species of North American Phyllophaga Harris, 1827 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) some synonyms have been found and are proposed here. New synonymies: Phyllophaga knausii (Schaeffer, 1907) is synonymized with Phyllophaga sociata (Horn, 1878); Phyllophaga chippewa Saylor, 1939 is synonymized with Phyllophaga rugosa (Melsheimer, 1845); and Phyllophaga falta Sanderson, 1950 is synonymized with Phyllophaga bipartita (Horn, 1887). Lectotypes are here designated for the following species: Listrochelus knausii Schaeffer, Listrochelus sociatus Horn, and Lachnosterna bipartita Horn. A neotype for Ancylonycha rugosa Melsheimer is here designated from the Horn Collection.
Prothyma (Genoprothyma) thandamoeae Wiesner, Phyu and Hori, new species, Prothyma (Genoprothyma) sotai Wiesner, Phyu and Hori, new species, and Prothyma (Genoprothyma) asamii Wiesner, Phyu and Hori, new species (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) are described from Myanmar. A key to all members of the genus known to occur in Myanmar is given.
Microplastics (MP) are contaminants of emerging concern in aquatic ecosystems. While the number of studies is rapidly increasing, a comparison of the toxicity of MP and natural particulate matter is largely missing. In addition, research focusses on the impacts of hydrophobic chemicals sorbed to plastics. However, the interactive effects of MP and hydrophilic, dissolved chemicals remain largely unknown. Therefore, we conducted chronic toxicity studies with larvae of the freshwater dipteran Chironomus riparius exposed to unplasticised polyvinyl chloride MP (PVC-MP) as well as kaolin and diatomite as reference materials for 28 days. In addition, we investigated the effects of particles in combination with the neonicotinoid imidacloprid in a multiple-stressor experiment. High concentrations of kaolin positively affected the chironomids. In contrast, exposure to diatomite and PVC-MP reduced the emergence and mass of C. riparius. Likewise, the toxicity of imidacloprid was enhanced in the presence of PVC-MP and slightly decreased in the co-exposure with kaolin. Overall, parallel experiments and chemical analysis indicate that the toxicity of PVC-MP was not caused by leached or sorbed chemicals. Our study demonstrates that PVC-MP induce more severe effects than both natural particulate materials. However, the latter are not benign per se, as the case of diatomite highlights. Considering the high, environmentally irrelevant concentrations needed to induce adverse effects, C. riparius is insensitive to exposures to PVC-MP.
Five small species groups of Traumatomutilla André, 1901 are revised. A new species, T. pilkingtoni Bartholomay and Williams sp. nov. (Argentina) is described and placed within its own species group. All known species of the bellica, diabolica, vitelligera, and bifurca species groups are redescribed. New synonymies are proposed for T. vitelligera (Gerstaecker, 1874) = Mutilla fascinata Smith, 1879, syn. nov.; = Traumatomutilla comata André, 1906, syn. nov. and for T. bifurca (Klug, 1821) = T. ira Casal, 1969, syn. nov. The lectotypes of Mutilla bifurca Klug, 1821 and Mutilla comata André, 1906 are designated. The hitherto unknown males of T. vitelligera and T. bifurca are diagnosed and described.
Two new Brazilian sharpshooter species of the genus Tretogonia Melichar, 1926 are described and illustrated: Tretogonia diminuta sp. nov. and T. elegantula sp. nov., both from the State of Paraná. A redescription of T. dentalis Emmrich, 1988 is provided based on a male from the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. This is the first Brazilian record of T. dentalis, a species originally described from Paraguay. Photographs and line drawings are provided for the three species, as well as notes on the taxonomy and biology of the genus.
The birdwing butterfly Trogonoptera brookiana (Wallace, 1855) is a well-known conservation icon, yet questions remain about the infraspecific status of regional populations. The eastern Peninsular Malaysian population has been described as the subspecies mollumar d’Abrera, Doggett & Parker, 1976, but its status as a subspecies distinguishable from the taxon trogon (Vollenhoven, 1860) in Sumatra has been disputed. Wing characters and measurements of specimens from the two regions were therefore examined quantitatively using discriminant function and correspondence analyses. Eastern Peninsular specimens differ on average from Sumatran specimens in having more extensive green, especially in the female. This is reflected in many of the measurements and characters analysed. Females from the Peninsula also have a characteristically blacker upperside ground colour in which the outer areas of both wings barely contrast with the black veins and forewing cell. The extent of these differences enables a reliable differentiation of the females of both regions. The magnitude and consistency of differences are comparable to that between other subspecies of undisputed status. Behavioural differences also exist. The name mollumar therefore merits subspecific status. In addition, we consider the male forms walshi Haugum & Low, 1982 and walshoides Haugum & Low, 1982 to be chemically discoloured specimens of trogon rather than biological forms.
Two new species of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) collected from New Caledonia are described and figured based on worker specimens: Leptogenys loarelae Ramage sp. nov. (Ponerinae, Ponerini) and Lioponera neocaledonica Jouault, Ramage & Perrichot sp. nov. (Dorylinae, Cerapachyini). All specimens were collected from the South Province of Grande Terre. These two new species are primarily distinguished from the other New Caledonian relatives by the size and shape of petiole for L. loarelae Ramage sp. nov. and by the presence of dorsolateral margins on the mesosoma for L. neocaledonica Jouault, Ramage & Perrichot sp. nov. Keys to New Caledonian Leptogenys and Lioponera are provided.
This paper is part of a project of studying benthic diatom biodiversity on marine coastal regions of Sweden with focus on rare and less known species. Two new species of Cocconeis Ehrenb. are described from Vrångö, a small island in the west coast of Sweden. Both species were found as epiphytic on the green alga Ulva intestinalis L. Cocconeis magnoareolata Al-Handal, Riaux-Gob., R.Jahn & A.K.Wulff sp. nov. is a small species not exceeding 9 μm in length and characterized by having large subquadrangular areolae on the sternum valve. Cocconeis vrangoensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gob. sp. nov. appears similar to some taxa of the 'Cocconeis scutellum complex', but differs by its stria density on both valves and variable features of the areola and valvocopula ultrastructure. Detailed descriptions based on light and electron microscopy examination, a comparison with closely related taxa, as well as a description of the habitat of both species are here presented.
Two new nematode species of the genus Tobrilus Andrássy, 1959 from Lake Baikal are described and illustrated. The first species Tobrilus elginus sp. nov. was found in the littoral zone of Maloye More Bays. The second species Tobrilus juliae sp. nov. dwells on bodies of dead sponges Lubomirskia baicalensis (Pallas, 1776). Tobrilus elginus sp. nov. is most similar to T. amabilis Tsalolikhin, 1974 and T. bekmanae Tsalolikhin, 1975. In contrast to the first species it has a shorter body and spicules, longer gubernaculum and a shorter supplements row. Its body is shorter and thinner, tail and supplement row are shorter and the vulva is more posterior as compared to the second species. The body size of Tobrilus juliae sp. nov. is most similar to T. securus Gagarin & Naumova, 2011 and T. saprophagus Naumova & Gagarin, 2017. From the first of these species it differs by the thinner body, shorter tail, comparatively shorter outer labial setae and shorter spicules. It differs from the second species by a thinner body, shorter male tail and shorter labial setae.
Saphenista bartellae Brown, new species (TL: Colorado), and S. powelli Brown, new species (TL: California) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), are described and illustrated. Two other western North American species, S. latipunctana (Walsingham, 1879), new combination, and S. dilutana (Walsingham, 1879), new combination, are transferred to Saphenista based on morphology of the genitalia.
Two new species of the leucopholine genera Engertia Dalla Torre, 1913 and Philacelota Heller, 1900 are described. Engertia allolepis sp. nov. from Ambon Island in the Moluccas, Indonesia, can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the heterogeneous setosity on the elytra as well as by a very robust and arcuate aedeagus. Philacelota leucothea sp. nov. from Luzon Island, Philippines, differs from the other species of Philacelota in the scaled whitish vestiture of the pronotum and elytra, as well as in the unidentate protibiae and in the shape of parameres. The length of the 3rd antennomere is the only reliable character for the separation of the genera Engertia and Philacelota. A revised dichotomous key for identification of males and females of all species of Engertia and Philacelota is given. The genus Philacelota is reported from the Philippines for the first time.
Cave research in Hungary has developed a lot in the last decade. As a part of this progress, enchytraeid specimens were collected from Hungarian caves and were subsequently characterized by comparative morphological and molecular taxonomic analyses. Molecular phylogenetic studies based on ITS, CO1 and H3 sequences and morphological results confirmed that these specimens represented two species new to science. The descriptions of Fridericia baradlana sp. nov. and Fridericia spelaeophila sp. nov. are presented in this paper.
This study was conducted to describe and illustrate two new species of groundwater amphipods from the northern parts of the Zagros Mountains in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. Mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (28S rDNA) fragments as well as several morphological traits were used to characterize Niphargus urmiensis sp. nov. and Niphargus fiseri sp. nov. The phylogenetic analyses showed that the nucleotide differences between the recently described species and their close allies are attributed to their distinctiveness. The molecular analysis also introduced that the new species are placed within the clade comprising Iranian species as a sister taxon. The genetic distances between N. urmiensis sp. nov. and N. fiseri sp. nov. are 7.6% and 1.6%, respectively based on the COI and 28S rDNA gene fragments.
Two new species of the genus Lepidocyrtus Bourlet, 1839 from southern China are described here: L. (Acrocyrtus) huizhouensis sp. nov. from Guangdong Province and L. (Setogaster) wanningensis sp. nov. from Hainan Province. Lepidocytus (Acrocyrtus) huizhouensis sp. nov. is the fourth species of the subgenus reported from China and L. (Setogaster) wanningensis sp. nov. is the first report of the subgenus from China.
Two new species of Onciderini Thomson, 1860 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) are described and illustrated: Neocherentes adrianoi Nearns and Monné, from Brazil, and Neocherentes pergeri Nearns and Monné, from Bolivia. The male of Neocherentes dilloniorum Tippmann, 1960 is redescribed and the female is described for the first time. Neocherentes dilloniorum is excluded from the Brazilian fauna. A key to the known species of Neocherentes Tippmann, 1960 is provided.
In this paper we describe two new tardigrade species belonging to the Macrobiotus hufelandi complex: Macrobiotus noongaris sp. nov. from Perth, Australia, and Macrobiotus kamilae sp. nov. from Mussoorie, India. Live specimens extracted from moss samples were used to establish laboratory cultures in order to obtain additional animals and eggs needed for their integrative descriptions. These descriptions are based on traditional morphological and morphometric data collected using both light and scanning electron microscopy, which, at the same time, were associated with DNA sequences of four genetic markers, three nuclear (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and ITS-2) and one mitochondrial (COI). The use of DNA sequences allowed for a more accurate verification of the taxonomic status of M. noongaris sp. nov. and M. kamilae sp. nov as independent species of the hufelandi group. Although they both exhibit typical inverted goblet-shaped processes, they represent a recently discovered clade, which was thought to group species with modified morphology of egg processes. Thus, this contribution expands the definition of the mentioned clade and constitutes another link that will be helpful for future studies on the evolution of the M. hufelandi complex.
Cylindera (Ifasina) thitarooae Wiesner and Hori, new species, Jansenia phyuae Wiesner and Hori, new species, and the previously unknown male of Jansenia myanmarensis Wiesner, 2004 (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) are described. Cylindera (I.) thitarooae may be recognized by shape of labrum and aedeagus. Jansenia phyuae may be recognized by its elytral contour and shape of elytral maculation.
The trade in bear parts for medicine and for status is a conservation challenge throughout Asia. The Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) and the sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) are endemic to this region, and populations are estimated to have declined throughout their ranges due to widespread illegal killing of bears and trade in parts, combined with loss of habitat. Previous studies have indicated that legislation alone is insufficient to prevent illegal hunting and trade, indicating instead a need to address demand for bear parts and products. We conducted mixed-method surveys in Cambodia to understand the key motivators for individuals to consume bear parts, and to understand whether specialised questioning techniques are applicable in this context. Bear part use is illegal in Cambodia and may therefore be considered a sensitive behaviour, in that individuals may be reluctant to admit to it. To counteract possible biases, four specialised questioning techniques were used in this study: randomised response technique (RRT), unmatched count technique (UCT), nominative technique (NT), and false consensus bias (FCB). All four methods serve to shield a respondent’s admittance of a sensitive behaviour from the interviewer. The results presented here show that great variability exists in anonymous methods’ efficacy in certain contexts. However, the results overall indicate that individuals in Cambodia are under-reporting their consumption of bear parts when directly asked, and that the prevalence of bear part use in Cambodia may be as high as 15% of the population, representing a significant conservation challenge.
The taxonomy of Nearctic tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) is reviewed in light of modern systematics research. Despite decades of published molecular phylogenies, the taxonomic nomenclature has not been formally updated since the 1950s. We generated a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on three mitochondrial gene fragments (16S, COX3 and CytB) to address the placement of Nearctic taxa that were not included in recent studies; these species were historically contained within Cylindera Westwood, 1831, a polyphyletic genus. Here we describe Parvindela Duran and Gough, new genus, and propose 20 new combinations based on a plurality of data, including our topology, prior molecular phylogenetic studies, morphology and ecology: Apterodela unipunctata (Fabricius, 1775) new combination; Brasiella praecisa (Bates, 1890) new combination; Brasiella viridisticta (Bates, 1881) new combination; Cicindela amargosae (Dahl, 1939) new combination; Cicindela senilis (G. Horn, 1866) new combination; Cicindela willistoni (LeConte, 1879) new combination; Eunota californica (Menetries, 1883) new combination; Eunota circumpicta (LaFerte, 1841) new combination; Eunota fulgoris (Casey, 1913) new combination; Eunota gabbii (G. Horn, 1866) new combination; Eunota pamphila (LeConte, 1873) new combination; Eunota praetextata (LeConte, 1854) new combination; Eunota severa (LaFerte, 1841) new combination; Eunota striga (LeConte, 1875) new combination; Parvindela debilis (Bates, 1890) new combination; Parvindela celeripes (LeConte, 1848) new combination; Parvindela cursitans (LeConte, 1860) new combination; Parvindela terricola (Say, 1824) new combination; Parvindela nephelota (Bates, 1882) new combination; Parvindela lunalonga (Schaupp, 1884) new combination.
New data on Odonata of the Preah Sihanouk Province of Cambodia obtained in March 2017 and November 2018 are presented. The presence of Onychargia atrocyana Selys, 1865 in Cambodia is confirmed. Twentyone species are added to the known fauna of the Kbal Chhay Waterfall environs, 19 species to that of Ream Peninsula and 4 to that of Koh Rong Island. The total number of species registered for Kampong Saom Peninsula amounts to 74. The presented data are rather of historical importance since most of the remaining forest has been quickly and irreversibly logged a few months ago. The validity of Gynacantha demeter Ris, 1911 as a species distinct from G. dohrnii Krüger, 1899 is doubted.
Zebrafish
(2019)