830 Literaturen germanischer Sprachen; Deutsche Literatur
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Körner vertritt mit selten gewordener Entschiedenheit den Primat des Ästhetischen, man kann auch sagen: er vertritt die Autonomie der Kunst. Aber dieser Ausdruck ist missverständlich. Er bedeutet nicht, dass Künstler tun und lassen können, was sie wollen, oder dass im Bereich der Kunst ›alles möglich ist‹. Wäre im Bereich der Kunst alles möglich, dann sollte es auch möglich gewesen sein, die mehr oder minder plausiblen Ansprüche von Feierabendlesern, Zensoren, Polizeispitzeln, Westredakteuren, Parteikontrolleuren und Stasi-Überwachern wenn schon nicht zu befriedigen, so doch wenigstens so weit in die eigene Arbeit einzubeziehen, dass einer wohlwollenden Aufnahme, sei es im Osten, sei es im Westen, nichts im Wege gestanden wäre. Dass dem nicht so war, hat im gegebenen Fall einen einzigen Grund. Das Konzept, dem Körner sich verschreibt, fordert die totale Überschreibung der Selbstbeschreibung des Gemeinwesens, des ›gemeinen Wesens‹, das zugleich das ›böse‹ ist, wie es süffisant zu Beginn des Fragments vom Mensch mit einem Nietzsche-Zitat heißt.
No trabalho de Bertolt Brecht relacionado com o cinema pode-se distinguir quatro fases: 1. Início dos anos vinte - argumentos, guiões para filmes publicitários e de aventura. Os únicos projectos realizados: Mysterien eines Frisiersalons de Erich Engel, 1923 (Brecht colaborou na realização). O seu argumento Robinsonade auf Assuncion escrito em conjunto com Arnolt Bronnen foi alterado para o filme SOS. Die Insel der Tränen (1923). 2. Início dos anos trinta - processo contra a companhia Nero-Film para recuperar os direitos de autor concedidos para a versão fílmica da Ópera dos três vinténs; realizada por Georg Wilhelm Pabst em 1930/31 (argumento: Laszlo Vajda, Leo Lania, Béla Balázs). Primeiro documento cinematográfico de uma peça de Brecht: Mann ist Mann (Bert Brecht, 1931); o filme ideológico (esteticamente infl. por Eisenstein): Kuhle Wampe oder wem gehört die Welt? realizado por Slatan Dudow em 1931 (argumento: Bert Brecht e Ernst Ottwalt). 3. Exílio americano – para ganhar dinheiro Brecht volta a escrever argumentos e guiões para a indústria de Hollywood. Dos ca. de 50 textos produzidos só um foi aproveitado para o filme anti-fascista Hangmen also die (Fritz Lang, 1943), no qual Brecht colaborou no argumento. È considerado uma das produções mais importantes deste género junto com Casablanca (M. Curtiz, 1943). 4. Produção pós-guerra - guiões para Mutter Courage (1952) e Herr Puntila und sein Knecht Matti (1955); realização das versões fílmicas da comedia Katzgraben (1957) de Erwin Strittmatter e da sua peça Die Mutter (1958), encenadas pelo Berliner Ensemble.
Man könnte etwas überspitzend (...) formulieren: Zur Literatur der zweiten Hälfte des 16. Jahrhunderts, insofern sie auf den Prozeß der Konfessionalisierung bezogen ist, an ihm gestaltend teil hat, gibt es fast keine germanistische Forschung. Selbstverständlich wird, wenn sich dies aus der Sache ergibt, in der Forschungsliteratur zum Späthumanismus, zum geistlichen Spiel, zur Lyrik (Meisterlied, Psalmendichtung), also zu der in herkömmlichen Gattungen verfaßten Literatur, auf die theologische Diskussion der nachreformatorischen Zeit verwiesen; aber Literatur im engeren Sinne ist hier nicht gemeint; deren Erforschung läßt sich ohnehin nur mühsam und allenfalls gelegentlich an die Konfessionalisierungsdebatte anschließen. (...) [Die Jens Haustein] interessierende Frage ist (...), ob das kontroverstheologische Schrifttum, polemische Schriften in deutscher Prosa, Schriften geringen Umfangs, also Flugschriften, und solche von vielen hundert Seiten, ob diese theologischen Schriften eigentlich ein germanistischer Aufmerksamkeit würdiger Gegenstand sind; ob es also (...) eine „germanistische Problemlage“ im Kontext der Konfessionalisierung gibt oder nicht, und wie diese gegebenenfalls aussieht.
Der Sonderstatus der Literatur im engeren Sinne oder eben der Texte des traditionellen Kanons ist gewissermaßen das Mitbringsel, mit dem die Mediävistik sich an der kulturwissenschaftlichen Love-Parade beteiligen kann. Sie hat in dieser Veranstaltung mit anderen Disziplinen nicht in erster Linie darüber zu berichten, wie es im 13. Jahrhundert tatsächlich war (also die von ihr verwaltete Sachliteratur einzubringen), sondern darüber, wie literarische Bilder des Hoch- und Spätmittelalters organisiert sind, welche Handlungs- und Empfindungsmöglichkeiten den literarischen Figuren dieser Epoche zukommen können, welche diskursiven Redeordnungen sie erproben, welche Formen der Memoria entwickelt werden. Die möglichen Antworten dürften allenfalls (...) in vermittelter Form zu kulturwissenschaftlichen Fragen passen. Es wäre niemandem damit gedient, wenn die Literaturwissenschaft diese Vermittlungsleistung von sich wiese, jede fachliche Ausdifferenzierung ausblendete und ihr Wissen vom Sonderstatus des Subsystems ‚Literatur’ und ihre an diesem Wissen ausgerichteten Methoden aufgäbe.
In Lenzens Briefen, seinen „stets unmittelbar und originell hervorsprudelnden Herzensergüssen [...] spiegelt sich des Dichters innerstes Sein und Wesen in lebendiger Treue [...].“(...) Diese Ansicht formulierte Franz Waldmann 1894 in schöner Übereinstimmung mit der allgemeineren zeitgenössischen Überlegung zum sogenannten Sturm und Drang-Brief. (...) Als zunächst vielleicht paradox anmutende These sei vorangestellt: Waldmanns Aussage gilt um so weniger, je „unmittelbarer“ und persönlicher die Briefe erscheinen; sie dokumentieren des „Dichters innerstes Sein und Wesen“ nicht „unmittelbar“, sondern nur in vermittelter Weise, im Bewußtsein des Absenders von seiner Rolle als Schriftsteller und in seiner genauen Kenntnis der literarischen Gesetze des sogenannten Sturm und Drang-Briefes. (...) Nicht auf den Briefschreiber kommt es an, sondern auf den Brief. Dies wäre, wenn die Interpretation stimmt, dem literarischen Charakter der Briefe angemessen.
[Jens Haustein möchte sich im Folgenden auf das], was man ‚Geblümten Stil’ im engeren Sinne nennen könnte [konzentrieren], (...) also auf den erkennbar gehäuften Einsatz von sogenannten Verschiebungstropen wie Metapher, Vergleich, Metonymie bis hin zur Katachrese, die sich ja häufig mit Genitivkonstruktionen oder andren Auffälligkeiten der Syntax verbinden. (...) Die geblümten Minnereden, die (...) provokativ gegen die Regel der „thematisch-stilistischen Einförmigkeit“ verstoßen, sind auf Grund ihrer sprachlichen Gestalt wie auch ihres intertextuell dichten Zusammenhangs stets als Sondergruppe beschrieben worden. Dabei ist aber vielleicht nicht genügend betont worden, daß sie einen im 14. Jahrhundert doch konventionalisierten und ja keineswegs der Gattung Minnerede vorbehaltenen Gedanken ins Bild setzen, den der Allgegenwart der Minne, der anderswo in dieser Gattung diskursiv entfaltet wird.
In welchen Konzepten und Phantasmen, also: in welchen kategorialen Ordnungen war in der volkssprachigen Adelsliteratur diskursivierbar, was die Literaturwissenschaft ‚Text’ und ‚Überlieferung’ nennt? Hierauf sucht der Beitrag eine Antwort, indem er Problemkonfigurationen mittelalterlicher Textualität in einer Interpretation der „Urstende“ des Konrad von Heimesfurt durchspielt. Narrative und metanarrative Partien werden dabei aufeinander bezogen, dass das in ihnen als Bedingung ihrer Möglichkeit gespeicherte, historisch fremd gewordene Textwissen hervortreten kann.
‚Institutionalität’ als leitender Konzeptbegriff zielt in dem hier gemeinten Sinn nicht auf eine Analyse von ‚Institutionen’ als historische Entitäten im Sinne von einzelnen ‚Organisationen’, ‚Körperschaften’, ‚Anstalten’. Es geht vielmehr um etwas, das sich das ‚Institutionelle’ an gesellschaftliche Strukturen des Kommunizierens und Handelns analysieren läßt: Formen der Geltungssicherheit und Stabilisierung, die in sozialen Ordnungen auch gewissermaßen ‚unterhalb’ der Ebene von durchgebildeten Organisationen oder Institutionen (im traditionellen Wortsinne) wie Ehe, Kirche, Staat, Universität usw. begegnen. (...)
Wenn man (...) fragte, welche Mechanismen es sind, die im Gegenzug zu (...) institutionellen Ungesichertheiten das Gelingen literarischer Kommunikation und die Wiederholbarkeit ästhetischer Rede am Hof gleichwohl möglich oder wahrscheinlich gemacht haben mochte, dann könnten jene Momente der Texte in den Vordergrund treten, von denen die folgenden Untersuchungen gleichfalls handeln: (...) [D]as [also], was (...) [Strohschneider] einmal die ‚Formiertheit’ höfischer Texte zu nennen versuchte. Gemeint sind Textmerkmale wie Schemata oder Topiken, welche die Rede gegenüber der Kontigenzen des Okkasionellen stabilisieren, welche kommunikative Wiederholbarkeit und Wahrscheinlichkeit von Dichtung dort produzieren, wo entsprechende außertextliche Institutionen noch fehlen.
Kippfiguren : Erzählmuster des Schwankromans und ökonomische Kulturmuster in Strickers „Amis“
(2007)
Jede Dichotomie von Affirmation und Negativierung, von Ordnungsentwurf und Kontingenz unterbietet (...) die spannungsreiche Komplexität des Textes. Und man kann dies sehen, wenn man den Aufbau des ‚Pfaffen Amis’ aus unterschiedlichen Erzählkomplexen ernst nimmt, wenn man die Differenzen ihrer Handlungsordnung und narrativen Prinzipien beachtet, und wenn man von daher Relationen neu durchdenkt. (...). Der primäre Handlungsantrieb des Pfaffen Amis ist (...) nicht Besitzgier, sondern im Gegenteil die auf Dauer gestellte entdifferenzierende Verschwendung der Reichtümer im ‚milten’ Statuskonsum. In der Schwankhandlung tritt (...) ein zielgerichtetes Interesse [zutage]: die Kontinuität der Freigiebigkeit. Sie aber konstituiert ein endloses Fest in Tranis als dauerhafte Besiegelung dauerhafter Ordnung. (...) Freilich sind die Vorder- und die Rückseite repräsentativen Handelns, das Karriere-Syntagma in Tranis und das Schwank-Paradigma, nicht allein auf der Handlungsebene funktional zusammengeschlossen. Der Stricker entdeckt zwischen ihnen auch strukturelle Differenzen, und in denen zeigt sich die Welt der Erzählung als eine Kippfigur. Deren beide Seiten, die Bühne und die Freigiebigkeit und Statuskonsum einerseits, die Hinterbühne des betrügerischen Besitzerwerbs in der Schwankreihe andererseits, existieren sozusagen synchron, sie sind funktional verkoppelt, und sie gehören doch ganz verschiedenen Ordnungen an. (...) [So entdeckt der Text] die Knappheit jener Ressourcen, die Voraussetzungen aller Freigiebigkeit [ist], zeigt (...) jene Begrenztheit von Reichtümern, welche die idealisierenden literarischen Entwürfe feudaler Konsoziation (...) gerade ausblenden.
Nota de encerramento
(2011)
A história da imagem perdida
(2011)
This contribution focuses on the conditions of literary production in Germany during the Nazi regime. The article analyzes the work of writer Ricarda Huch as one of the representatives of the so-called "Inner Emigration", literary trend promoted by writers that were not placed to serve the interests of the State, but instead sought to convey - through their work - humanistic values and critics of the status quo, despite the censorship and often putting their lives at risk. The poetic anthology Herbstfeuer ("Fire of Autumn"), published in 1944, is one of the most significant examples of the literature of resistance under the yoke of Nazism.
The story “Os dois vizinhos. Cenas da Colônia” (Die beiden Nachbarn. Bilder aus der Kolonie), written by Wilhelm Rotermund, was published in 1883 and 1884 in two parts in the Kalender für die Deutschen in Brasilien. The text by Rothermund represents many relevant aspects of the immigration of German Lutherans to Brazil. This article will first give an overview on the work of Wilhelm Rotermund and than offer a critical analysis of "Die beiden Nachbarn. Bilder aus der Kolonie". A third point of interest will be the importance of preserving the mother language (German) and the rural-urban relationship.
The objective of this article is to present a brief study on the wrong path of the poetry in the service of the Third Reich, whose roots raise to the tradition of the proto-nationalist and romantic nationalist poetry of the 19th Century. By interpreting the poems “Die Mutter” (“The Mother”) by Josepha Berens-Totenohl, “Deutsche Ostern 1933” (“German Easter of 1933”) by Heinrich Anacker, “Dem Führer” (“To the Führer”) by Will Vesper, and “Wir” (“We”) by Anne Marie Koeppen, we can observe the presence of discursive marks that remit to the Nazi jargon, what make them mere instruments of the totalitarian propaganda.
The paper aims to discuss the relations between culture, power and language in Bachmann’s story "Undine geht". Undine is a water creature that lives among humans for a period of time and this fact allows her to criticize them, their way of life, of love and of relate to others. Undine’s critique is that the discourse or language shows the domination that is present in the human relations, for example, in the submission of the individual to a collectivity, as well as in the relations between men and women. She condemns this society which is regulated by money, social roles, which are false representations and generate a repression for social and individual life. This is why Undine denounces strongly the humans and their society. But she also invites the humans to know themselves and to search for the truth. Only this can liberate them from repression and give them the possibility to live a dignified life.
The lifelong friendship between Anna Seghers and Jorge Amado began in the late 1940s, when both were engaged in the international communist struggle for world peace. After becoming disillusioned with the Stalinist tyranny, Amado left the PC, whereas Seghers officially continued to follow the party line. She concealed her critique of (post-) stalinist theory and practice in some essays on literature history, especially on Tolstoy, Dostoevsky and Schiller – essays which she dedicated to Amado, who would understand the problems and contradictions within her political involvement.
This article deals with two short stories by Leopold Kompert (1822-1886), a Jewish author from the Austro-Hungarian Empire and one of the major names in a genre which became known as Ghettoliteratur. As all other authors in his genre, Kompert dealt mainly with the conflicts involved in the passage from the world of traditional Jewry towards 19th into modernity. But he did this in a typical Habsburg way. Rather then emphasizing the incompatibility between these two worlds, Kompert tries, on the one hand, to preserve the memory of the vanishing world of the Jewish Shtetl, and on the other hand to create a synthesis between this world and the multi-lingual and multi-cultural Austro-Hungarian Empire.
German immigration to Brazil starts in the 19th century. In Brazil, the Literature of German Immigrants has been the subject of many studies. On the other hand, the literary production on immigration to Brazil produced in Germany during this period, is still quite unknown. This article will discuss one specific poem in this context, a text from 1847 called 'Traurige Rückwanderung der Brasilianer nach ihrem jüngst verlassenen Vaterlande'.
Based on a supposedly new discovery of pornographic magazines, James Hawes aimed, in Excavating Kafka (2008), to reset the almost saintlike image of Kafka. This article will argue that these publications are fare from being hard-core pornography and their existence has been a long known fact. It will then discuss relations between literary texts and biography with reference to Kafka’s novel Der Process, written in 1914 and published only posthumous.
O coveiro
(2008)
O matador de dragões
(2008)
Vladímir, o pintor de nuvens
(2008)
A caixa dourada
(2008)
A Costureira
(2008)
This article analyzes the concept of race and ethnographic description used by the bavarian botanist Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius in his publications on Brazil. Principally Blumenbach’s and Meiners’ racial theories and the concept of physiognomy are applied to explain Martius’ strategies to describe and classify the indigenous people he came across during his voyage to Brazil.
The article […] analyses the poetical review of language that is given in the named play. The centre of attention is how Handke forms his sceptical opinions about language into a provoking play and how he is influenced by the philosophical review of language like “Beiträge zu einer Kritik der Sprache” written by Fritz Mauthner, an almost forgotten philosopher of the beginning of the 20th century.
„Und natürlich darf geschossen werden!“ : politische Lyrik und Linksterrorismus in Deutschland
(2008)
In the late 1960s, West Germany was swept over by a wave of student protest. The movement of 1968 hit the country especially hard because the young generation aimed to overcome the Nazi past of their parents once and for all. As their peaceful demonstrations did not have any success, some of the leftist activists decided to take violent measures. Among other terrorist groups, the Red Army Fraction was born. This article tries to bring to light, if and how far the political poetry of the German postwar period predicted and legitimized this process.
Política de fronteira : Sobre o lugar do nacional na literatura e o lugar da literatura no nacional
(2008)
“Literatura nacional” é o resultado de uma construção variada. É claro que se poderia simplesmente enumerar todos as obras surgidas em um país e afirmar que isso é uma “literatura nacional”. Foi o que aconteceu até o século XVIII. O caráter de “literature nacional” como resultado de construção surge desde o último terço do décimo oitavo século, porque seleções conduzem o processo de definição. Tais seleções já são a delimitação de “literatura” (no sentido de toda a produção textual) à poesia ou a restrição de literatura nacional a textos em língua alemã, ou seja, a segregação de textos em outras línguas que também eram escritos ou surgiam no “próprio país”, etc. Assim como no discurso sobre “Literatura Suíça”, também o veredicto de excluir dessas línguas a existência de literaturas em línguas diferentes e tratá-las como “unidade do plural”.
This paper discusses the role of German Jesuit priests in the conquest of the lower amazon area in the 17th century. The Luxemburg missionary John Philip Bettendorff, founder of the second largest city of Pará, Santarém, was one of the most important figures while colonizing the Estate of Maranhão e Great-Pará. His chronicle is not only an important testimony of the settlements’ history but also of the Jesuit activities as handicraft workers and artists while catechizing this region. Thus, it comprehends a part of the rich cultural memory of colonial Brazil.
In the years around 1880 the concepts of modern culture studies were still largely unknown. The term 'cross-culture experience' that is now part of the standard vocabulary of today's human sciences had not yet been invented. And yet the heyday of colonialism saw the publication of numerous texts that analysed the experience of the strange and unfamiliar with remarkable sensitivity. The German governess Ina von Binzer was twenty-four when she left for a two-year visit to Brazil, where she worked with the family of a wealthy coffee plantation owner. On her return to Germany she turned her diary jottings into a fictionalised epistolary novel, describing in great detail the domestic and social reality of the Segundo Império, while also depicting the way in which the daily experience of otherness gradually increased in intensity until it became a very real feeling of culture shock. On the strength of its conscious struggle with the sense of being different and alien, Binzer's work may be characterised as a 'culture study avant la lettre'.
In his first autobiographical writing, the Austrian author Thomas Bernhard attempts to show his public the reason why he became the provocative writer and outsider that he was. This paper intends to analyse how this image is constructed in the book by using a specific concept of victim as well as a provocative and subjective style. On the one hand he is successful in constructing a text in which his point of view and his personality are constantly present; on the other hand it includes diverse contradictions, which will be discussed throughout this article.
Brazil is a popular writing subject. Its representation is full of varieties and reaches from "exotic country", "the land of the future", "paradise", "the unknown country" to a reputation of being underdeveloped with its inhabitants living in misery. Hugo Loetscher, an important contemporary Swiss writer, defined Brazil as a place of encounter with the enemy, i.e. another culture, nature or with himself: a discovery of the consequences of colonialism and the search for a new proper identity. This article focuses on the image of Brazil in Loetscher's work, trying to get to know Brazil as a place in German literature that offers a possibility for an intercultural dialogue.
This article draws a parallel between Jakob Wassermann's interest in the history of Kaspar Hauser, which led him to write a novel still considered as the most eloquent literary rendering of this episode, and his own situation as an outsider in German culture. Wassermann's feeling of alienation towards his own country is expressed in his autobiography, titled “Mein Weg als Deutscher und Jude” and his “Kaspar Hauser” is seen here a kind of "estrangement novel", a term which is a counterpoint to the traditional German concept of Bildungsroman. In this respect, it displays some striking analogies with works by later authors, who have drawn this specifically Jewish-German genre to a kind of paroxysm, such as Franz Kafka and Elias Canetti. A novel by an author usually seen as a conservative thus reveals an unexpected avant-garde aspect, which in certain ways foresees the future development of Jewish-German literature. On the other hand, Wassermann's critique to the Bismarckian mentality, which dominated Germany in the first half of the19th. Century, appears to detect some tendencies crucial to the development of German political life in the early 20th, century.
Photographs, articles and documents related to Herbert Caro.
This text offers a closer look at Herbert Caro’s life, habits and his role as one of the founders of the Jewish Foundation SIBRA in Porto Alegre.
This text offers statements of former colleagues and friends of Herbert Caro.
Klaus Oliven relembra
(2007)
This text shows, besides Herbert Caro’s many accomplishments in his various activities, also some personal traces of his life. In this way the reader may obtain some insights into the personality of this outstanding intellectual.
This text offers a closer look on the personal environment of Herbert Caro, especially in regard to the role of his wife Nina Caro.
Conhecendo Herbert Caro
(2007)
Herbert Caro has been known for his translations and musical knowledge. This article focuses on his musical conception in his articles: “Romance de Capa sem Espada”, published in 1977, and the literary aspect in “A mãe brasileira de Thomas Mann” from 1976.
Erico Verissimo’s letters to Herbert Caro, during the 1950s, offer a portrait of the translator of Thomas Mann, revealing his taste for music and movies as well as an insights in his role as a critic and confident of the Brazilian author.
This article offers a general view on the historical circumstances regarding the exile of Herbert Caro in Brazil. It also informs on his intellectual and professional background, based on official documents and research material as well as on an interview that the author realized with Herbert Caro in 1988.
Herbert Caro
(2007)
A introductory text on Herbert Caro, his background and his activities in the Brazilian exile.
Introduction of the seminar dedicated to Herbert Caro, held on the 16th of October 2006 at the Goethe-Institute Porto Alegre, Brazil.
This article focuses the expeditions of Maximilian Prinz Wied zu Neuwied and Johann Moritz Rugendas to Brazil. It discusses initially basic aspects of perception from the early colonial period up to the 19th century. It will then analyze the pictorial characterization of Brazil by both travelers and the reception of their work in Europe