830 Literaturen germanischer Sprachen; Deutsche Literatur
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There are many aspects of Haas' life and experiences in India which deserve greater attention. I would like to refer briefly only to his attempts as a litterateur to come to terms with 'India' as presented in his autobiographical recollection and to some comparative cultural reflections in his essays. Like all reconstructions his autobiographical recollection of India is also a construct in which the site of India as a place of exile is justified by an achieved awareness between conscious individual choice and inevitability. An individual acts out a personal history, the prefiguration of which he only becomes aware of in the form of a subsequent epiphanic realization. Given Haas' literary background, it is not surprising that this is articulated through a literary association.
Iqbal and Goethe : a note
(2005)
The recourse to Goethe plays an important role in the work of Mohammad Iqbal (1873-1938), one of the few important writers from the Indian subcontinent who knew German literature. Iqbal situates his own writing in the context of western colonial expansion and the corresponding world-historical loss of power of Islam in the East. The recourse to Goethe becomes an import reference point in his work. It enables him to stylise himself as a Messenger of the East in reply to Goethe as a representative of the West. By establishing a comparative cultural constellation with his German predecessor Iqbal affirms a cultural position consisting of a mode of historical complaint and cultural revival.
Das Interessante [...] ist, dass der lyrische Teil des Divans einen kulturhistorisch die Zeit transzendierenden utopischen Schwebezustand zwischen Ost und West inszeniert, welcher in kognitiver Spannung zum Ertrag des im Rahmen des Kolonialismus angehäuften Wissens über den Orient steht. Aus dieser Spannung entsteht die charakteristische Ambivalenz des deutschen Sonderwegs im Zusammenhang mit dem Orientalismus. Damit wird die ambivalente Stellung des deutschen Orientalismus auch am Divan deutlich. Die Spannung im Divan bedeutet, dass das Werk als Modell für Dialog und Verständnis zwischen Orient und Okzident gelesen werden kann, und es kann auch als utopischer Entwurf für den grenzüberwindenden Umgang mit fremden kulturellen Möglichkeiten gedeutet werden. Im Folgenden werden einige Aspekte davon behandelt.