830 Literaturen germanischer Sprachen; Deutsche Literatur
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Das Kriegserlebnis im für und wider : "Im Westen nichts Neues" von Erich Maria Remarque (1929)
(2011)
Der nationale und internationale Erfolg deutet darauf hin, dass "Im Westen nichts Neues" zehn Jahren nach Kriegsende den Nerv der Nachkriegszeit getroffen haben musste, indem er einen im angloamerikanischen Raum inzwischen etablierten Kriegs- und Nachkriegsmythos der "verlorenen Generation" aufgriff, nach Deutschland importierte, ihm eine neue deutsche Eigenart verlieh und in dieser bereicherten und neuen Form wieder exportierte. Der Roman hat eine aktuelle politische Bedeutung und eine spätere Langzeitwirkung.
Dem bemerkenswerten wissenschafts- und ästhetikgeschichtlichen Interesse an Friedrich Theodor Vischers Werk in der Gegenwart lässt sich ein weiterer Akzent hinzufügen, wenn man Vischers repräsentative Rolle sowohl im Vormärz wie im Nachmärz rekonstruiert und dabei vor allem auf seine Selbstkorrekturen und Revisionen die Aufmerksamkeit lenkt. In wissenschaftshistorischen Studien der jüngsten Zeit gewinnt die 'Historische Epistemologie' an Kontur.
Wilhelm Raabe gehört zu den literarischen Experten, die dem durch beschleunigte Temporalisierungsprozesse bedingten neuen Stellenwert von Kuriositäten schreibend ihre Aufmerksamkeit widmen und dem Plunder bzw. Abfall eine bislang wenig bekannte poetische Seite abgewinnen. Raabe ist ein historistisch geschulter Virtuose in der Adaption und Transformation vorgegebener literarischer Dingdarstellungen. Er weiß die im Rokoko geschulte Koketterie mit dem Minutiösen und Seltenen, mit der Enthüllung und Verhüllung der Dinge zu nutzen, er greift auf die in der Empfindsamkeit betriebene emotionale Aufladung der Dinge zurück, er bedient sich der Traditionen exotischer Amulette und Fetische und er reizt das Erinnerungspotential der Dinge aus. Rezeptionspsychologisch kennt er die poetischen Möglichkeiten des Spiels und Widerspiels von Projektion auf die Dinge und Resonanz der Dinge, das heißt er weiß den Appell- und Signalcharakter der Dinge einzusetzen. Insbesondere vermag er die Dinge als narrative Kerne zu inszenieren, das
heißt sie so erzählerisch zu arrangieren, dass das noch nicht Erzählte oder nicht Erzählbare vom Leser substituiert wird. Zusammenfassend kann man sagen, Wilhelm Raabe ist ein virtuoser erzählerischer Choreograph, der die gesamte Breite an poetischen Dingsuggestionen vom Gebrauchsding zum Fetisch und von der Kuriosität bis zum Abfall, von der traditionellen Locke und dem empfindsamen Taschentuch bis zur modischen Vase aufzurufen weiß.
Es gibt ihn, den komplexen, vielschichtigen, eigenständigen Berlin-Roman des Vormärz. Zweifelsfrei kann ein solcher Roman nicht auf einen eigenen elaborierten Stadtdiskurs zurückgreifen, wie er in Paris spätestens seit Sebastien Merciers "Tableaux de Paris" ausgearbeitet wurde. Aber es wäre naiv zu glauben dieses 'know how' würde gleichsam an Paris kleben und sei nicht produktiv auf andere Städte transferierbar. In gewisser Weise ist man sogar berechtigt zu behaupten, die Schwäche Berlins, über einen erst sich nach 1800 allmählich herausbildenden eigenständigen publizistischen Stadtdiskurs zu verfügen ist seine potenzielle Stärke. Die erzähltechnische und poetologische Virtuosität dieses ersten bedeutenden Berlinromans gilt es im Folgenden zu belegen.
This article is a critical presentation of the study Der Zauber des fernen Königreichs. Carmen Sylvas Pelesch-Märchen/Farmecul regatului îndepãrtat. Poveştile Peleşului, (The Magic of the Faraway Kingdom. Carmen Sylva’s Tales of the Pelesh), edited at the Ibidem publishing house in Frankfurt this year. The author proves that – contrary to some opinions in current literary criticism, according to which the works of the queen poet were but recorded and retold Romanian folk tales and legends – Carmen Sylva’s writings are personal works with intrinsic literary value, where themes and motifs from the folklore and mythology or from the Romanian and occidental literature are used only as pre-texts. Silvia Zimmermann’s merit is a significant one, namely that of rediscovering Carmen Sylva who has not only been a creator, but also an important mediator between the Romanian and the German culture.
The reviewed tome gathers 25 studies written by Germanists, historians and German, Austrian, Romanian, Czechoslovak and Hungarian writers. These studies are focused onto the German literature in the South-Western Europe and aim to reveal the background in which various prosperous literary center appeared in several regions of the above mentioned geographic area, but also the characteristic features, the main ways of development and the contribution of some outstanding
personalities.
The present paper focuses upon a translatological perspective of the cultureme theory, as initially presented by Els Oksaar and developed later by other linguists. By examining a few expressions from a novel of the Romanian-German writer Aglaja Veteranyi and their translations into Romanian, the paper illustrates the categories micro- and macro-cultureme.
This article is meant as a token of appreciation for the germanist, poet and translator Liana Corciu who taught for a long time at the University of Bucharest, German Department, then emigrated in the USA where she continued her work as a germanist and teacher of German and where she died in 2008. As a germanist she left us an original dissertation on the lyric poetry of Bertolt Brecht and a series of scientific articles, as a poet a number of thematically and stylistically very relevant poems, as a translator some valuable translations of literary texts from German into Romanian.
This article deals with the representation of motherdaughter relationships in novels by Herta Müller, Aglaja Veteranyi, Carmen Francesca Banciu and Gabriela Adamesteanu, all of them born in Romania. Herta Müller and Aglaja Veterani constantly wrote in German, while Carmen Francesca Banciu changed her language after emigrating to Germany and Gabriela Adameºteanu’s language has always been Romanian. Mother-daughter relationships are analysed in regard of female genealogy, but also considering their complexity and ambiguity. It is shown that representations of mother-daughter-relationships are depending rather on individual and psychological criteria than the author’s cultural or ethnic affiliation. Maybe a larger study, which could not be made in this article, could reveal more detailed results.
This study deals with two works, from the perspective of “magic realism”: Cronica unei morþi anunþate by Gabriel Garcia Márquez and Der Fürst der Welt by Erika Mitterer. Magic realism is mostly associated with Latin American literature, especially with the style of Gabriel Garcia Márquez, the 1982 Nobel Prize laureate in Literature. Magic realism techniques are used by the Viennese author Erika Mitterer in the abovementioned historical novel too, in order to render a “camouflaged” writing for avoiding the National Socialist censorship.
The nine stories of Kehlmann’s novel Ruhm. Ein Roman in neun Geschichten (2009) are contentwise independent, yet they are manifoldly linked up by several apparently coincidental elements. Modern means of communication as mobile phones or access to internet, initially invented to bring people together, have now the function to engulf people in misery and isolate them from each other. An analysis on Kehlmann’s social criticism of modern way of life and communication in his literary work is not so easy because of a special character of the novel: it is the fictional writer who ironically questions literature itself and its ethical function.
This work analyses the research done by the German-speaking researchers Pauline and Adolf Schullerus in Transylvania, especially in the field of Romanian fairy-tales. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century several German-speaking scholars started to collect Romanian fairy tales and to translate them into German. Pauline Schullerus was one of them. Adolf Schullerus collected fairy tales himself and sorted them accordingly to the classification system developed by Antti Aarne. The borders of the verbal fixation were easily transgressed by storytellers. While collecting fairy tales, researchers became interested in the interethnic relations between the populations.
The Bucharest author Oscar Walter Cisek (1897-1966) does not write about the interests of the German minority in Romania to which he himself belongs, but describes the life of the Romanian, Turkish and Tartar population in the first half of the twentieth century. The aim of the present article is to determine foreign-cultural signs in the German versions of the novella Die Tatarin (1928/29) and to analyse how an internal linguistic cultural transfer is achieved. From the evaluation of the reviews to the novella Die Tatarin appeared in the German press between 1929-1930 arise three aspects of ”otherness”: the exotic space, the foreign culture and the oriental woman. The present article analyses especially the representation of the foreign culture in Cisek’s novella.
The following essay is based on the narrative Die schiefe Fassade der Kindheit. Erfundene Familienkunde written by Eginald Schlattner. The action takes place in Transylvania, a region where several nations live together. The key concepts are identity and alterity, because only by analysing the other one can find and understand one’s own identify. The traits of the communities living together are portraited by Aunt Maly, a strong supporter of the German traditions and by Grisi, the grandmother, who presents the mentality of her people as opposed to the Romanian people. The story also reveals the conflicts between these two ethnical groups. Nevertheless life in Transylvania can be seen as an example of how people belonging to different cultures can peacefully live together.
The present article studies the language plays within the German poetry in Romania and Romanian Poetry during the 1970s. The paper focuses on the language plays resulting from both intertextuality and hypertextuality as well as on the deconstruction of language in poetry by the use of language in rhyme, alliteration, homophony and homonymy in order to find similarities between the verse of two literatures written within a decade. The study researches what significance language plays have for the German poetry of Romania and for the Romanian poetry during 1970s, how and why they manifest resemblances respectively differences.
The article focuses on Herta Müller and Mircea Cãrtãrescu, two authors from the same generation, who in their respective novels Herztier and Orbitor gave different accounts on the situation in Romania during the 70s, the 80s, of the terror during the Ceaușescu-dictatorship, and on the December revolution. Multiple factors allow a parallelized and comparative description of these two novels: biographical and work-immanently factors. A similarly described world, marked by Kafkaesque elements – Romania amid the dictatorship of Ceauºescu, as well as similarly handling elements of oppression, fear, humiliation, forms of survival, description of the totalitarian state representatives, accurate highlights of the December revolution connect the two autobiographical novels. While the reader can sense in Müllers book the fear and the terror very deeply, as the death and the emigration are solely alternatives for the protagonists, Cãrtãrescu’s universe has signs of grotesqueness and ridiculousness. Cãrtãrescu doesn’t accentuate the terror, the hopelessness, the fear, but mocks the reality, and he laughs at Ceausescu’s stupidity. The author satisfies his desire of revenge for his stolen youth in the communist period.