950 Geschichte Asiens; des Fernen Ostens
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The aim of this study is to look into the reasons for the institutional character assumed by the exchanges of prisoners from the early 9th until the end of the lOth century in the context of the Arab-Byzantine struggle in the Middle East. Over a period of 161 years, 20 official exchanges involving several hundrends of prisoners took place at the bed of the river Lamis near Tarse by the Cilician frontier. ...
Johannes Schiltberger, 1394-1427 yılları arasında Türkiye, Suriye, Mısır, İran, Orta Asya ve Sibirya'da esir olarak yaşayıp gördüklerini "Türkler ve Tatarlar Arasında (1394-1427)" başlıklı kitabında yazıya geçirir. Çok değişik insan coğrafyalarında bulunmuş olmasından dolayı Schiltberger'in Türkleri insani özellikleri bakımından diğer halklarla karşılaştırma yoluna gideceğini varsayıyoruz. Hans Ulrich Krafft ise 24 Ağustos 1574 yılında borç yüzünden Osmanlı-Türk makamlarınca tutuklanır. 24 Ağustos 1577 yılında tahliye edilir ve memleketine dönmek üzere yola çıkar ve ancak 9 Aralık 1578'de vatanına kavuşur. Mesleği tacirlik olan H. U. Krafft'ın Osmanlı toplumunda geçerli ticaret ve ticari ilişkiler hakkında hassasiyeti olacağından, gözlemlerinde bunlara yer vereceğini düşünüyoruz. Bu makalede her iki Almanın anılarında İstanbul'un fethi öncesi ve sonra sosyal hayatta gözlemlenen değerler ve değer yargıları ele alınacaktır. Öncelikle sosyal, ahlaki, insani değerler her bir eserde tespit edilecek, sonra bunlar 150 yıllık süre bağlamında karşılaştırılarak Osmanlı-Türk Toplumunda değerler değişimi olup olmadığı ve var ise bunların olası nedenleri üzerinde duracağız.
European scholars, colonial administrators, missionaries, bibliophiles and others were the main collectors of Malay books in the nineteenth century, both in manuscript or printed form. Among these persons were many well-known names in the field of Malay literature and culture like Raffles, Marsden, Crawfurd, Klinkert, van der Tuuk, von Dewall, Roorda, Favre, Maxwell, Overbeck, Wilkinson and Skeat, to name only a few. Their collections were often handed over to public libraries where they form an important part of the relevant Oriental or Southeast Asian manuscript collections.
Therefore the knowledge of the intellectual culture of the Malay Peninsula and the Malay World in general depended very much on these manuscripts and printed books collected often by chance or in a rather unsystematic way. The collections reflect in a strong sense the interests of its administrative or philologist collectors: court histories, genealogies of aristocratic lineages, law collections (adat-istiadat as well as undangundang) or prose belles-lettres build a vast bulk of these collections, while Islamic religious texts and poetry forms popular in the 19th century (especially syair) are fairly underrepresented. Malay manuscripts and books located in religious institutions like mosques or pondok/pesantren schools have not been searched for; until today there are more or less no systematic studies of these collections. As in some statistics religious texts build about 20% of all existing Malay manuscripts, their neglect by Europeans scholars leads to a distorted view of the literary culture in the Malay language.
Es gibt sogenannte "Fakten" oder "Tatsachen" der Geschichte, die sich nach intensiver Überprüfung als Fiktionen erweisen. Es gibt Vorstellungen, die jahrhundertelang als gesichertes Wissen galten und bis heute in Enzyklopädien und einschlägigen Handbüchern zu finden sind. Ihre Faktizität gilt als gesichert; man sieht sie als "wirklich bestehende Sachverhalte" an. Und doch entpuppen sich immer wieder vermeintlich gesicherte Tatsachen als fiktiv. Jedoch können solche "fiktiven Tatsachen" in verschiedenen Zusammenhängen – und sei es "nur" in der Wissenschaftsgeschichte – ein Eigenleben entwickeln. Der traditionelle Begriff der Fälschung greift hier nicht mehr. Neuerdings verbreitet sich der Begriff der "imaginären Tatsache". ...
Nicht die Entwicklung des Sakraments der Taufe während der tausendjährigen byzantinischen Geschichte gilt es hier zu erörtern; der liturgiewissenschaftliche Aspekt wird in diesen Zeilen bestenfalls einen Randaspekt darstellen. Stattdessen werde ich mich auf einige Aspekte konzentrieren (wenn auch in unterschiedlicher Intensität), die dem vorgegebenen Thema – (gesellschaftliche) Inklusion und Exklusion – entsprechen. Es soll also um ausgewählte Aspekte des Themenkomplexes "Taufe" gehen, die Relevanz für die Rechtsgeschichte, aber auch für die Gesellschaftsgeschichte in einem allgemeineren Sinne (inklusive gewisser Bezüge zur politischen Geschichte bzw. zur Missionsgeschichte) aufweisen. ...
The Arab-Israeli wars
(2003)
The bedouin in Israel
(1999)
This paper focuses on an ongoing project that began in 2012, entitled "The Collection of Jane Ryan & William Saunders". This project is an attempt to reconstitute the Marcos Collection. Sourced from auction catalogues, museum archives, and scant government records, their lavish inventory of commissioned portraits, jewellery, Regency silverware, and old master paintings is reproduced as photographic installations, postcards, and three-dimensional prints. Reconstruction, in this instance, becomes a sustained democratic gesture, allowing an increasingly forgetful public to access a collection that has remained unavailable through a systemic failure by successive post-dictatorial governments to institutionalize collective acts of remembering.