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"Noch bevor man in Europa genau wußte, wo China geographisch zu lokalisieren war, beschrieb man schon, wie es dort zuging [...]. Nicht den wahrheitsgetreuen Berichten des Marco Polo (1298), sondern den daraus zusammenphantasierten Abenteuer des Ritters Mandeville (1366) wurde Glauben geschenkt. Wer >China< beschrieb, wollte seinen Lesern vor allem ein Bild von etwas anderem vor Augen führen, wollte etwas schildern, das abschrecken oder vorbildlich sein sollte und so weit entfernt war, daß man es mangels exakterer Zeugnisse einfach glauben mußte - oder wollte. China war literarische Metapher für den Kontrast zum Abendland [...]."
"Das schöne Gedicht auf den Vogel ..." : Anmerkungen zu Hofmannsthals Rezeption Walt Whitmans
(1986)
Die Bedeutung des amerikanischen Dichters Walt Whitman (1819-1892) für Hugo von Hofmannsthal im einzelnen ausmachen zu wollen, ist nicht einfach und kann auch nicht Ziel dieser Ausführungen sein. Vielmehr soll es darum gehen, Spuren zu verfolgen, die einer solchen Untersuchung dienlich sein können. Dem kurzen Überblick über die Rezeption Whitmans im 19. und beginnenden 20. Jahrhundert folgen eine genauere Untersuchung des Briefwechsels zwischen Hofmannsthal und Ottonie von Degenfeld, welcher gegenüber Hofmannsthal Whitmans Gedicht "Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking" wohl als das "schöne Gedicht auf den Vogel, der um seine Frau klagt" erwähnte, sowie der vollständige Abdruck des Gedichtes und dessen deutsche Übersetzung von Johannes Schlaf.
The genus Squamidium, a group of mosses with a tropical to subtropical American-African distribution, consists of two sections and seven species (prior to this study 27 species were recognized): sect. Squamidium (S. leucotrichum, S. livens, S. isocladum, S. nigricans, S. brasiliense) and sect. Macrosquamidium (S. macrocarpum and S. diversicoma). Twenty-four names are treated as syn. nov., three are provisionally excluded pending an examination of their types, and one new combination is made: Orthostichopsis pilotrichelloides (Sehnem) Allen & Crosby. Section Squamidium ist characterized by immersed capsules, stolon leaves with entire margins, and a relatively high basal membrane. Section Macrosquamidium is characterized by exserted capsules, stolon leaves with sharply recurved marginal teeth, and a relatively low basal membrane. The genus is retained in the Meteoriaceae. Within the Meteoriaceae Squamidium, is most closely related to Zelotmeteorium from which it differs only by its lack of squarrose-recurved leaves and its more well-developed alar cells. Squamidium, which in the absence of sporophytes has been confused consistently with Orthostichopsis, is separated from that genus on the basis of its lack of pseudoparaphyllia, weaker costae, lack of a distinct region of reddish cells across the leaf base, and strongly decurrent alar cells.
A detailed study of pion production in inelastic and central nucleus-nucleus collisions was carried out using a 2 m streamer spectrometer. Nuclear targets mounted inside the streamer chamber were exposed to nuclear beams of 4.5 GeV/c/nucleon momentum. A systematic study of the influence of the central trigger on observed data is performed. The data on multiplicities, rapidities, transverse momenta, and emission angles of negative pions are presented for various pairs of colliding nuclei. Intercorrelations between various characteristics are studied and discussed. The results are compared with predictions of some theoretical models. It is shown that the main features of the pion production in nuclear collisions can be satisfactorily described by a model assuming independent nucleon-nucleon collisions with subsequent cascading process. However, the observed correlation between Lambda and pion characteristics seems to be unexplained by this picture.
A recently found fossil from the old Scudder pit (?) appears to be a large female horntail. It shows the ventral aspect. Compared with modern Siricidae, the length of its ovipositor in relation to the body proper suggests modern Xeris spectrum. Unfortunately the venation is incompletely preserved on both wings. In addition to this the forewings and hindwings overlap to some extent on each side. What venation is decipherable is seen in the two sketches. It does not seem to agree with any of the modern genera examined but approaches that of Sirex more closely than any other. Both antennae are faintly indicated. They are stout, many-segmented and in keeping with those of Siricidae. Both hind legs are preserved faintly almost throughout their length. They are stout, and the individual segments are clearly defined.
The recently increased importance of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus Linnaeus) as a crop has brought with it an increased interest in the sunflower maggot, a long-recognized common name for Strauzia longipennis (Wiedemann). The larva of this species bores downward in the stem and feeds upon the pith of sunflowers. Until recently the genus Strauzia was considered to include only the type-species S. longipennis, with 7 varieties (Foote, 1965). It is now known that some of these varieties should be classed as distinct species, differing morphologically and biologically.
Descriptions of species in the genus Sclerosococcus are primarily based on the female morphology (McKenzie 1958, Lambdin 1980). The lack of descriptions for males is attributed to their brief seasonal appearances (lasting only a few hours) and their small size that makes collection of adult specimens difficult. As a result, adequate descriptions for only a few males of Asterolecaniidae are available for comparisons. Of those species where males are known, most descriptions are of the tests or general morphological aspects (Russell, 1941). The most comprehensive descriptions for adult males in the family were provided for Asterolecanium proteae (Giliomee 1968) and for two species of Grammococcus (Miller and Lamdin 1978). The genus Sclerosococcus contains 4 species known from the Neotropical Region where they feed on bromelid hosts. Until now, no reference was made as to the existence of males of the species. My objective was to provide a description of the adult male of this rare species to better define the taxa. Measurements and illustration were made by microscopic examination of the allotype male. Terminology used to describe the external morphology, with few exceptions, was adapted from Theron (1958). All measurements are presented in micrometers.
El género Priocnemis SchiØdte no se puede considerar como caracteristico de la Región Neotropical y son pocas las especies descritas que se conocen de ella. Sin embargo en el área extra-tropical sudamericana se halla bastante bien representado por un grupo de especies que presenta características particulares, como veremos más adelante. Son varias las especies presentes en la Argentina, Uruguay y Chile, pero por el momento vamos a referirnosala fauna de este último país. Debemos aclarar que no consideramos aquí las especies correspondientes a Sphictostethus Kohl, que han sido tratadas como Priocnemis por algunos autores, ya que constituye un género bien definido por sí.