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- Geowissenschaften (9)
Tandonia rustica (Millet 1843) (Mollusca : Gastropoda), nouvelle espèce de limace pour la Vendée
(2003)
The slug Tandonia rustica has recently been discovered in the forest of Mervent, in Vendée. After a brief description of the site where the gastropod was found, the author describes the biology, ethology and distribution in France of this species.
In 1869 Tacite Letourneux described a new species of gasteropod, Valvata bourguignati, in a spring in south-east Vendée. The name of this new species was later considered to be synonymous with Neohoratia globulina. Recent samplings in the Locus typicus have permitted the revision of this taxon, now named Islamia moquiniana.
A micro-crustacean has recently been discovered in Vendée. It is an Ostracod living in temporary bodies of slightly brackish or fresh water. From the Cyprididae family, Cypris bispinosa is a crustacean whose presence in France is only known from eight countess. It is however one of our largest ostracods, and the lateral spine fixed on each side of its carapace make the species easily recognisable with a lens.
Discovery of a single example of Mirror Orchid (Ophrys speculum) in the coastal forest of Longeville-sur-Mer, in southern Vendée. This orchid, hitherto unknown in Vendée, is very rare in France.
It has been forty years since the Jurassic site of Veillon in Talmont-Saint-Hilaire (Vendée, France), where footprints of vertebrates were found, was plundered. This outstanding site belonging to Vendée's geological patrimony needs to be preserved and developed. Some footprints from Veillon are displayed in the collections of about thirty public institutions and six museums.
Using the fossil dinosaur footprints of the lower Lias of Le Veillon at Talmont-Saint-Hilaire, (Vendée) as a starting point, the reconstitution by pupils of a unique fossil-bearing site is under consideration. The paleobiology and paleoecology of reptiles in this geological site are dealt with.
Palichnites et muséologie
(2003)
After they had intrigued the inquiring or observant mind for decades, it was realised that certain "natural curiosities" were tracks of extinct creatures, related to gigantic birds or other antediluvian animals. At the beginning of the XIXth century a new science, ichnology, came into being and developed, thanks to the collection, preservation and study of fossil prints. The increasing quantity of evidence thus unearthed reveals the diversity of vertebrate faunas which have trod the earth’s surface and left behind valuable information about their characteristics and behaviour. Like other institutions labouring on behalf of conservation, knowledge of nature and the preservation of our natural heritage, the Nantes Natural History Museum has, for nearly two centuries, collected, conserved, displayed and brought to the attention of the public those valuable pieces of evidence, fossil footprints. Displays of fossil prints are regularly presented during different exhibitions. Examples of them permit one to follow the evolution of our knowledge of these prints and illustrate how the information yielded by these prints has been transmitted.
The Ichnospace is a specific exhibition dedicated to traces and tracks left by recent and fossil animals on ground. The Ichnospace is located at Luzech, a little town with a long historic past, near Cahors (about 17 km W) in the valley of the river Lot. Every living being leaves traces of its activities (habitat, locomotion, diet, etc.) in its environment. These traces are the signing of the individual and they may be preserved and fossilised in geological time. They provide information about biodiversity, the habits of individuals and their distribution in time and space. In the Causses of Quercy area very near of Luzech and well known by palaeontologists and geologists, many dinosaur and pterosaur tracks have been discovered. Some of them are exposed with various fossil invertebrates, turtles, crocodiles and so on, from upper Jurassic when the sea Tethys ran along shores of the large Central island. Movie and an audio-visual show complete the exhibited specimens with French and English comments.
Hettangian stratotype shows an example of preservation and valorisation of a scientifical historical place. Earth Story is understood thanks to geological heritage; this heritage is very vulnerable. Judicial framework and mentality evolution allow us to make a conservation of particularly interesting places.
The Liassic Talmont-Saint-Hilaire (Vendée, France) outcrop has been studied here according to the abundance of fossil plants of the Cheirolepidiaceous family (Gymnosperms, Coniferales). A new species of Brachyphyllum has been studied in light microscopy, even in scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It is, at that time, one of the most complete study realized on a fossil taxon. Epidermal cells, subsidiary cells and guard cells have been described on both adaxial and abaxial surfaces, in transversal and longitudinal sections. Cuticle ultrastructural variations have been observed between epidermal and stomatal cells. To conclude, we propose a discussion about the cuticle structure variations related to environmental conditions and the functional morphology of the different cells.