Article
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (31128) (remove)
Language
- English (15745)
- German (13375)
- Portuguese (696)
- French (387)
- Croatian (251)
- Spanish (250)
- Italian (134)
- Turkish (113)
- Multiple languages (36)
- Latin (35)
Has Fulltext
- yes (31128)
Keywords
- Deutsch (503)
- taxonomy (443)
- Literatur (299)
- new species (190)
- Hofmannsthal, Hugo von (185)
- Rezeption (178)
- Übersetzung (163)
- Filmmusik (155)
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (131)
- Vormärz (117)
Institute
- Medizin (5346)
- Physik (1903)
- Biowissenschaften (1142)
- Biochemie und Chemie (1112)
- Extern (1108)
- Gesellschaftswissenschaften (803)
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (738)
- Geowissenschaften (590)
- Präsidium (453)
- Philosophie (448)
- Rechtswissenschaft (403)
- Informatik (401)
- Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft (365)
- Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität (350)
- Institut für Sozialforschung (IFS) (345)
- Geschichtswissenschaften (334)
- E-Finance Lab e.V. (304)
- Psychologie (300)
- Biochemie, Chemie und Pharmazie (278)
- Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum (BiK-F) (270)
- Neuere Philologien (263)
- Kulturwissenschaften (218)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (206)
- Pharmazie (184)
- Exzellenzcluster Makromolekulare Komplexe (179)
- Psychologie und Sportwissenschaften (159)
- Erziehungswissenschaften (147)
- MPI für Biophysik (135)
- Universitätsbibliothek (131)
- Georg-Speyer-Haus (130)
- Exzellenzcluster Die Herausbildung normativer Ordnungen (128)
- Geowissenschaften / Geographie (128)
- Sportwissenschaften (126)
- SFB 268 (119)
- Mathematik (112)
- Sonderforschungsbereiche / Forschungskollegs (112)
- Zentrum für Biomolekulare Magnetische Resonanz (BMRZ) (111)
- Geographie (103)
- Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS) Mannheim (99)
- Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit (ZAFES) (92)
- MPI für Hirnforschung (91)
- Buchmann Institut für Molekulare Lebenswissenschaften (BMLS) (63)
- Informatik und Mathematik (58)
- Sprachwissenschaften (53)
- Deutsches Institut für Internationale Pädagogische Forschung (DIPF) (50)
- Evangelische Theologie (49)
- Fachübergreifend (41)
- ELEMENTS (40)
- Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaften (39)
- MPI für empirische Ästhetik (37)
- Sustainable Architecture for Finance in Europe (SAFE) (32)
- Ernst Strüngmann Institut (25)
- Institut für sozial-ökologische Forschung (ISOE) (24)
- Philosophie und Geschichtswissenschaften (22)
- Cornelia Goethe Centrum für Frauenstudien und die Erforschung der Geschlechterverhältnisse (CGC) (20)
- House of Finance (HoF) (20)
- Center for Financial Studies (CFS) (18)
- Center for Membrane Proteomics (CMP) (18)
- Exzellenzcluster Herz-Lungen-System (18)
- Starker Start ins Studium: Qualitätspakt Lehre (18)
- Sigmund-Freud Institut – Forschungsinstitut fur Psychoanalyse und ihre Anwendungen (16)
- Katholische Theologie (15)
- Zentrum für Interdisziplinäre Afrikaforschung (ZIAF) (15)
- Universität des 3. Lebensalters e.V. (12)
- keine Angabe Institut (11)
- Helmholtz International Center for FAIR (9)
- Institut für Wirtschaft, Arbeit, und Kultur (IWAK) (9)
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Neurowissenschaften Frankfurt (IZNF) (9)
- Zentrum für Nordamerika-Forschung (ZENAF) (9)
- Zentrum für Weiterbildung (9)
- Center for Scientific Computing (CSC) (7)
- DFG-Forschergruppen (7)
- Institute for Monetary and Financial Stability (IMFS) (7)
- LOEWE-Schwerpunkt für Integrative Pilzforschung (7)
- Institute for Law and Finance (ILF) (6)
- Frobenius Institut (5)
- Goethe-Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen (G-CSC) (5)
- Hessische Stiftung für Friedens- und Konfliktforschung (HSFK) (5)
- Hochschulrechenzentrum (5)
- Forschungszentrum Historische Geisteswissenschaften (FHG) (4)
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Ostasienstudien (IZO) (4)
- LOEWE-Schwerpunkt Außergerichtliche und gerichtliche Konfliktlösung (3)
- Akademie für Bildungsforschung und Lehrerbildung (bisher: Zentrum für Lehrerbildung und Schul- und Unterrichtsforschung) (2)
- Institut für Bienenkunde (2)
- Institut für Religionsphilosophische Forschung (2)
- (1)
- Centre for Drug Research (1)
- Diagnostic Center of Acute Leukemia (1)
- Europäische Akademie der Arbeit in der Universität Frankfurt am Main (1)
- Fachübergreifende Einrichtungen (1)
- Wilhelm-Merton-Zentrum (1)
- Zentrale Einrichtung (1)
- studiumdigitale (1)
Inclusive energy spectra of protons, deuterons, and tritons were measured with a telescope of silicon and germanium detectors with a detection range for proton energies up to 200 MeV. Fifteen sets of data were taken using projectiles ranging from protons to 40Ar on targets from 27Al to 238U at bombarding energies from 240 MeV/nucleon to 2.1 GeV/nucleon. Particular attention was paid to the absolute normalization of the cross sections. For three previously reported reactions, He fragment cross sections have been corrected and are presented. To facilitate a comparison with theory the sum of nucleonic charges emitted as protons plus composite particles was estimated and is presented as a function of fragment energy per nucleon in the interval from 15 to 200 MeV/nucleon. For low-energy fragments at forward angles the protons account for only 25% of the nucleonic charges. The equal mass 40Ar plus Ca systems were examined in the center of mass. Here at 0.4 GeV/nucleon 40Ar plus Ca the proton spectra appear to be nearly isotropic in the center of mass over the region measured. Comparisons of some data with firestreak, cascade, and fluid dynamics models indicate a failure of the first and a fair agreement with the latter two. In addition, associated fast charged particle multiplicities (where the particles had energies larger than 25 MeV/nucleon) and azimuthal correlations were measured with an 80 counter array of plastic scintillators. It was found that the associated multiplicities were a smooth function of the total kinetic energy of the projectile. NUCLEAR REACTIONS U(20Ne,X), E / A=240 MeV/nucleon; U(40Ar,X), Ca(40Ar,X), U(20Ne,X), Au(20Ne,X), Ag(20Ne,X), Al(20Ne,X), U(4He,X), Al(4He,X), E / A=390 MeV/nucleon; U(40Ar,X), Ca(40Ar,X), U(20Ne,X), U(4He,X), U(p,X), E / A=1.04 GeV/nucleon; U(20Ne,X), E / A=2.1 GeV/nucleon; measured sigma (E, theta ), X=p,d,t.
Exclusive pi - and charged-particle production in collisions of Ar+KCl is studied at incident energies from 0.4 to 1.8 GeV/u. Complete disintegration of both nuclei is observed. The correlation between pi - and total charge multiplicity shows no islands of anomalous pion production. For constant numbers of proton participants the pi - multiplicity distributions are Poissons. For central collisions <n pi -> increases smoothly and to first order linearly with the c.m. energy. Disagreement with the firestreak model is found. Pacs numbers: 25.70.Hi, 24.10.Dp
Lambda 's produced in central collisions of 40Ar+KC1 at 1.8-GeV/u incident energy were detected in a streamer chamber by their charged-particle decay. For central collisions with impact parameters b<2.4 fm the Lambda production cross section is 7.6±2.2 mb. A calculation in which Lambda production occurs in the early stage of the collision qualitatively reproduces the results but underestimates the transverse momenta. An average Lambda polarization of -0.10±0.05 is observed. PACS numbers: 25.70 Bc
Pion production and charged-particle multiplicity selection in relativistic nuclear collisions
(1982)
Spectra of positive pions with energies of 15-95 MeV were measured for high energy proton, 4He, 20Ne, and 40Ar bombardments of targets of 27Al, 40Ca, 107,109Ag, 197Au, and 238U. A Si-Ge telescope was used to identify charged pions by dE / dx-E and, in addition, stopped pi + were tagged by the subsequent muon decay. In all, results for 14 target-projectile combinations are presented to study the dependence of pion emission patterns on the bombarding energy (from E / A=0.25 to 2.1 GeV) and on the target and the projectile masses. In addition, associated charged-particle multiplicities were measured in an 80-paddle array of plastic scintillators, and used to make impact parameter selections on the pion-inclusive data. NUCLEAR REACTIONS U(20Ne, pi +), E / A=250 MeV; U(40Ar, pi +), Ca(40Ar, pi +), U(20Ne, pi +), Au(20Ne, pi +), Ag(20Ne, pi +), Al(20Ne, pi +), U(4He, pi +), Al(4He, pi +). E / A=400 MeV; Ca(40Ar, pi +), U(20Ne, pi +), U(4He, pi +), U(p, pi +), E / A=1.05), GeV; U(20Ne, pi +), E / A=2.1 GeV; measured sigma (E, theta ), inclusive and selected on associated charged-particle multiplicity.
Energy spectra and angular distributions have been measured of 3He and 4He fragments emitted from Ag and U targets, bombarded with 2.7-GeV protons, and 1.05-GeV/nucleon alpha particles and 16O ions. All cross sections increase dramatically with projectile mass. No narrow peaks are found in the angular distributions or in the energy spectra.
Double-differential cross sections have been measured for high-energy p, d, t, 3He, and 4He particles emitted from uranium targets irradiated with 20Ne ions at energies of 250, 400, and 2100 MeV/nucleon and 4He ions at 400 MeV/nucleon. By using the shape and yield of the proton energy spectra, the shape and yield of the d, t, 3He, and 4He energy spectra can be deduced at all measured angles for all incident projectile energies by assuming that they are formed by a coalescence of cascade nucleons, using a model analogous to that of Butler and Pearson, and Schwarzschild and Zupancic-caron.
A simple model is proposed for the emission of nucleons with velocities intermediate between those of the target and projectile. In this model, the nucleons which are mutually swept out from the target and projectile form a hot quasiequilibrated fireball which decays as an ideal gas. The overall features of the proton-inclusive spectra from 250- and 400-MeV/nucleon 20Ne ions and 400-MeV/nucleon 4He ions interacting with uranium are fitted without any adjustable parameters.
The energy spectra of protons and light nuclei produced by the interaction of 4He and 20Ne projectiles with Al and U targets have been investigated at incident energies ranging from 0.25 to 2.1 GeV per nucleon. Single fragment inclusive spectra have been obtained at angles between 25° and 150°, in the energy range from 30 to 150 MeV/nucleon. The multiplicity of intermediate and high energy charged particles was determined in coincidence with the measured fragments. In a separate study, fragment spectra were obtained in the evaporation energy range from 12C and 20Ne bombardment of uranium. We observe structureless, exponentially decaying spectra throughout the range of studied fragment masses. There is evidence for two major classes of fragments; one with emission at intermediate temperature from a system moving slowly in the lab frame, and the other with high temperature emission from a system propagating at a velocity intermediate between target and projectile. The high energy proton spectra are fairly well reproduced by a nuclear fireball model based on simple geometrical, kinematical, and statistical assumptions. Light cluster emission is also discussed in the framework of statistical models. NUCLEAR REACTIONS U(20Ne,X), E=250 MeV/nucl.; U(20Ne,X), U(α,X) E=400 MeV/nucl.; U(20Ne,X), Al(20Ne,X), E=2.1 GeV/nucl.; measured σ(E,θ), X=p, d, t, 3He,4He. U(20Ne,X), U(α,X), E=400 MeV/nucl.; U(20Ne,X), E=2.1 GeV/nucl.; measured σ(E, θ), Li to O. U(20Ne,X), U(12C,X), E=2.1 GeV/nucl.; measured σ(E, 90°), 4He to B. Nuclear fireballs, coalescence, thermodynamics of light nuclei production.
Particle production in central Pb+Pb collisions was studied with the NA49 large acceptance spectrometer at the CERN SPS at beam energies of 20, 30, 40, 80, and 158 GeV per nucleon. A change of the energy dependence is observed around 30A GeV for the yields of pions and strange particles as well as for the shapes of the transverse mass spectra. At present only a reaction scenario with onset of deconfinement is able to reproduce the measurements.
Das Tetralemma des Rechts : zur Möglichkeit einer Selbstbeschränkung des Kommunikationssystems Recht
(2000)
Was tut das Recht wenn es nichts tut? In diese Frage hat Niklas Luhmann das Problem gekleidet, wie ein judicial self-restraint unter Geltung des Justizverweigerungsverbotes denkbar ist. Eine Beantwortung dieser Frage aus Sicht einer Systemtheorie, die das Recht als operativ geschlossenes Kommunikationssystem im Rahmen einer auf der Erkenntnistheorie des radikalen Konstruktivismus fußenden Theorie der Gesellschaft zu erfassen sucht (Recht als autopoietisches System), hat Luhmann zwar angerissen, aber nicht befriedigend zu Ende gedacht. Besonders interessant ist diese Frage vor dem Hintergrund der Diskussion um ein prozedurales Rechtsparadigma, welches angesichts der gegenwärtigen gesellschaftlichen Umbrüche das überkommene materiale Paradigma ablösen soll (Prozeduralisierung des Rechts). Es erscheint daher reizvoll, auf der Suche nach Antworten einen Beitrag sowohl zur Systemtheorie des Rechts als auch zu einer Theorie des prozeduralen Rechts zu leisten.
Reflexive transnational law : the privatisation of civil law and the civilisation of private law
(2002)
The author examines the emergence of a transnational private law in alternative dispute resolution bodies and private norm formulating agencies from a reflexive law perspective. After introducing the concept of reflexive law he applies the idea of law as a communicative system to the ongoing debate on the existence of a New Law Merchant or lex mercatoria. He then discusses some features of international commercial arbitration (e.g. the lack of transparency) which hinder self-reference (autopoiesis) and thus the production of legal certainty in lex mercatoria as an autonomous legal system. He then contrasts these findings with the Domain Name Dispute Resolution System, which as opposed to Lex Mercatoria was rationally planned and highly formally organised by WIPO and ICANN, and which is allowing for self-reference and thus is designed as an autopoietic legal system, albeit with a very limited scope, i.e. the interference of abusive domain name registrations with trademarks (cybersquatting). From the comparison of both examples the author derives some preliminary ideas regarding a theory of reflexive transnational law, suggesting that the established general trend of privatisation of civil law need to be accompanied by a civilisation of private law, i.e. the constitutionalization of transnational private regimes by embedding them into a procedural constitution of freedom.