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Der Aufbau des zweiten Romans der Braunschweiger Trilogie "Stopfkuchen" gründet sich auf eine Zweipoligkeit, die durch das Gegenüberstellen des Romanhelden Heinrich Schaumann und seines Gegenspielers Eduard entsteht. Diese zwei Figuren gehören gegensätzlichen Welten an. Dem Antagonisten wird nur ein Name gegeben, und zwar der Vorname: Eduard! Der Protagonist wird mit beiden Namen vorgestellt: Heinrich Schaumann! Der Name des Helden hat symbolische Bedeutung, wie man es oft bei Raabe findet: Schaumann ist der Mann, der schaut. So wird dieses Kennzeichen seiner Funktion gerecht. Der Held beobachtet etwas. Seine Beobachtungen gelten der Gesellschaft. Er beobachtet eine Gesellschaft, die er nicht gutheißt, in die er sich nicht integriert. Vom geographischen Standpunkt aus betrachtet: Der Held Schaumann ist einer der Einwohner des am Fuße des Berges Rote Schanze gelegenen Ortes namens Maiholzen.
Wie ersichtlich gehört Saiko zu jener Schriftstellergeneration der Zwischenkriegszeit, deren Jugendjahre in die Zeit vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg fallen. Mit seiner Romandarstellung unterscheidet er sich trotz der prinzipiellen Ähnlichkeiten in wichtigen Punkten von seinen Zeitgenossen. Diese Details werden von Klaus Kastberger in seinem Artikel Einsam auf dem Floß. Wohin treibt George Saiko (Kastberger 2003: 9) in folgenderweise hervorgehoben: Obwohl die Autoren Robert Musil, Franz Kafka und James Joyce oftmals Bezugsautoren für George Saiko bildeten, grenzt Saiko sich in den wichtigsten Einzelheiten von ihnen ab, denn wie Kastberger auch erwähnt, wird alles, was in die Figuren 'hineingepackt' ist, im Laufe der Darstellung erzählerisch 'ausgepackt'. Treffender lässt es sich sagen, George Saiko hätte nicht wie Musil, Kafka und Joyce geschrieben, sondern er versucht in seinem Roman Auf dem Floß (Saiko 1980), ein Seelenpanorama der Hauptfigur zu zeichnen. Mit dem Leitgedanken der Freudschen Theorien schildert Saiko eine andere Realität und zeichnet sie in seinen Romanen nach. Das Aufschließen der menschlichen Seele, die Gründe und Abgründe des menschlichen Verhaltens werden anhand von Saikos Romancharakteren ans Licht gebracht. In seinem Roman wird der Zerfall anhand menschlicher Triebe dargestellt.
Speakers of Russian from the former Soviet Union and speakers of Turkish form the two biggest groups of immigrants in Germany. There is a number of surveys, that focus on early second language acquisition of kindergarten and primary school children in these ethnic groups. In this article, I will discuss differences and similarities of the second language acquisition process, that Russian and Turkish speaking children go through. I will compare not only the interlingual development (pronunciation, lexicon, syntax and morphology) but also the sociocultural context. For this purpose the data of my case studies will be contrasted with the other research results.
After giving an overview of the implementation of Business German in the curricula of German Departments outside of Germany and showing which place Business German has taken within these departments today, this article focuses on the teaching goals and contents as well as on the competences that ought to be achieved by the students in the German Department at Istanbul University in order to explain which chances and opportunities this study field opens up to students of German language and literature.
Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der deutschsprachigen Migrationsliteratur und mit ihrem Platz in der heutigen literarischen Szene. Es wird die Frage gestellt, warum diese Literatur aus ihrer früher eher peripheren Stelle (hinsichtlich des Interesses der LeserInnen und der Literaturwissenschaft) ins Zentrum verschoben wurde. Das Hauptanliegen des Beitrags ist jedoch die literarische Analyse dreier Werke von zwei aus der ehemaligen Sowjetunion stammenden, auf Deutsch schreibenden Schriftstellerinnen (Olga Grjasnowa und Lena Gorelik) in Bezug auf die ausgewählten spezifischen thematischen Schwerpunkte, die durch oder infolge Migration (der Hauptfiguren oder auch der SchriftstellerInnen selbst) entstanden waren.
The article presents an interdisciplinary project that is focussed on an important cultural monument, namely a fortified hilltop settlement in the cadastre of Hradiště near Pilsen. This fortification is attested by five phases, which correspond to the main epochs of the erection of west Bohemian ramparts during the time span from the turn of the early to the Middle Bronze Age until the early medieval period. Geophysical prospection and trial excavations conducted there in 2012 and 2013 revealed important and new information on the stratigraphy and natural environment of the site. The project is particularly directed towards collaboration between archaeology and scientific studies. Geophysical and geochemical aspects of archaeological contexts, archaeobotanical and archaeozoological finds as well as geological composition of the materials from the fortification were analysed. Special attention was given to the problematic of the so-called vitrified walls (Schlackenwälle) associated with this site.
In this paper it is argued that several typologically unrelated languages share the tendency to avoid voiced sibilant affricates. This tendency is explained by appealing to the phonetic properties of the sounds, and in particular to their aerodynamic characteristics. On the basis of experimental evidence it is shown that conflicting air pressure requirements for maintaining voicing and frication are responsible for the avoidance of voiced affricates. In particular, the air pressure released from the stop phase of the affricate is too high to maintain voicing which in consequence leads to a devoicing of the frication part.
This paper evaluates trills [r] and their palatalized counterparts [rj] from the point of view of markedness. It is argued that [r]s are unmarked sounds in comparison to [r ]s which follows from the examination of the following parameters: (a) frequency of occurrence, (b) articulatory and aerodynamic characteristics, (c) perceptual features, (d) emergence in the process of language acquisition, (e) stability from a diachronic point of view, (f) phonotactic distribution, and (g) implications.
Several markedness aspects of [r]s and [rj] are analyzed on the basis of Slavic languages which offer excellent material for the evaluation of trills. Their phonetic characteristics incorporated into phonetically grounded constraints are employed for a phonological OT-analysis of r-palatalization in two selected languages: Polish and Czech.
The present study, based on a typological survey of ca. 70 languages, offers a systematization of consonantal insertions by classifying them into three main types: grammatical, phonetic, and prosodic insertions. The three epenthesis types essentially differ from each other in terms of preferred sounds, domains of application, the role of segmental context, their occurrence cross-linguistically, the extent of variation and phonetic explication.
The present investigation is significantly different from other analyses of consonantal epentheses in the sense that it neither invokes markedness nor diachronic state of the processes under discussion. Instead, it considers the different nature of the epenthetic segments by referring to the representational levels and/or domains which are relevant for their appearance.
(Non)retroflexivity of slavic affricates and its motivation : Evidence from polish and czech <č>
(2005)
The goal of this paper is two-fold. First, it revises the common assumption that the affricate <č> denotes /t͡ʃ/ for all Slavic languages. On the basis of experimental results it is shown that Slavic <č> stands for two sounds: /t͡ʃ/ as e.g. in Czech and /ʈʂ/ as in Polish.
The second goal of the paper is to show that this difference is not accidental but it is motivated by perceptual relations among sibilants. In Polish, /t͡ʃ/ changed to /ʈʂ/ thus lowering its sibilant tonality and creating a better perceptual distance to /tɕ/, whereas in Czech /t͡ʃ/ did not turn to /ʈʂ/, as the former displayed sufficient perceptual distance to the only affricate present in the inventory, namely, the alveolar /t͡s/. Finally, an analysis of Czech and Polish affricate inventories is offered.