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Institute
Die vorliegende Studie versucht einen Beitrag zur Erforschung von Implementationsmöglichkeiten des bilingualen Sprachvermögens von Schüler*innen mit Migrationshintergrund für den Regelschulkontext zu leisten, indem ein bilinguales Interaktionsangebot beim Peer-Learning für türkisch-deutschsprachig aufwachsende Schüler*innen der dritten und vierten Klasse in einem quasi-experimentellen Setting unter Verwendung von Mixed Methods untersucht wird.
The Nok Culture of Central Nigeria is known for its sophisticated terracotta figurines initially described in the 1950s by the British archaeologist Bernard Fagg. Since 2009, the Nok Culture has been the subject of research at the Goethe University Frankfurt within the scope of a long-term project funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). This book is the outcome of a PhD thesis that involved pXRF analysis of features associated with the Nok Culture, namely stone-pot-arrangements and pit features.
Stone-pot-arrangements are considered to be burials, indicated by arranged and modified stones associated with complete pots and, in a few cases, a necklace made of stone beads. However, the absence of bones and other skeletal remains meant that their interpretation as burials was unresolved. The interpretation of pits or pit-like structures, of various shapes and sizes, also remained inconclusive.
Employing pXRF analysis succeeded in revealing traces of a decomposed body, supporting the hypothesis of stone-pot-arrangements being interments. Together with the analysis of pits, new ideas about the formation and use of Nok sites were advanced. These culminated in a 'patchwork model' that assumes a repetitive cycle of utilising land for farming, settlements and burials, followed by abandonment and subsequent re-visiting and re-use of the formerly abandoned land.
Der Erforschung der Bronzestatuetten der Frühen Neuzeit im 19. Jahrhundert wurde bisher wenig Beachtung geschenkt. Die erste umfassende stilkritische Gattungsmonographie mit dem Titel „Die Italienischen Bronzestatuetten der Renaissance“ wurde von Wilhelm von Bode (1845 - 1929) verfasst. Er veröffentlichte diese kurz nach der Eröffnung des neu gebauten Kaiser-Friedrich-Museums in Berlin 1904. Maßgeblich durch Bode geprägt, zeigte dieses Museum erstmals Bronzestatuetten der Renaissance und des Barock als eine eigenständige Skulpturengattung. Die wissenschaftshistorische Frage nach der Entstehung der stilkritischen Kleinbronzenforschung zwischen 1871 und 1904 steht daher im Kontext der Berliner Museums- und Sammlungsgeschichte, mit dem Schwerpunkt auf der Erwerbung der Kleinbronzen, deren Zuschreibung und Präsentation. Ein 1883 veröffentlichtes Konzept für ein Berliner „Renaissancemuseum“ verknüpfte mit der Sammlungspräsentation die Erwartung, der ästhetischen Selbstvergewisserung ihrer Betrachter zu dienen. Die Kunst der Renaissance, darunter auch die Bronzestatuetten, war dabei Sinnbild des modernen bürgerlichen Autonomiebestrebens. Diesem Leitbild stand die Arbeitsorganisation ihres Erforschers Wilhelm von Bode gegenüber, die seine historische Theorie und stilkritische Methode prägte. Neben dem Einfluss Jakob Burckharts und dessen „Kunstgeschichte nach Aufgaben“ geben Bodes Briefwechsel mit Theodor von Frimmel, Louis Courajod und dem Sammler Fürst Johann II. von und zu Liechtenstein Aufschluss über sein Forschungsinteresse. So fokussierte er seine Forschung auf die Statuetten des Bildhauers und Bronzemodelleurs Bertoldo di Giovannis. Hier lässt sich der Wandel von einer kulturgeschichtlichen Perspektive hin zu einer historisch-kritischen Analyse der Statuetten verfolgen. Mit der Transformation der so genannten „Kopienkritik“ aus der klassischen Archäologie und mit Hilfe der Fotografie entwickelte Wilhelm von Bode eine Methode für die stilkritische Analyse der kleinformatigen Skulpturen.
Groundwater is the largest source of accessible freshwater with its dynamics having significantly changed due to human withdrawals, and being projected to continue to as a result of climate change. The pumping of groundwater has led to lowered water tables, decreased base flow, and depletion.
Global hydrological models (GHMs) are used to simulate the global freshwater cycle, assessing impacts of changes in climate and human freshwater use. Currently, groundwater is commonly represented by a bucket-like linear storage component in these models. Bucket models, however, cannot provide information on the location of the groundwater table. Due to this limitation, they can only simulate groundwater discharge to surface water bodies but not recharge from surface water to groundwater and calculate no lateral and vertical groundwater flow whatsoever among grid cells. For instance this may lead to an underestimation of groundwater resources in semiarid areas, where groundwater is often replenished by surface water. In order to overcome these limitations it is necessary to replace the linear groundwater model in GHMs with a hydraulic head gradient-based groundwater flow model
This thesis presents the newly developed global groundwater model G3M and its coupling to the GHM WaterGAP spanning over 70,000 lines of newly developed code. Development and validation of the modeling software are discussed along with numerical challenges. Based on the newly developed software, a global natural equilibrium groundwater model is presented showing better agreements with observations than previous models. Groundwater discharge to rivers is found to be the most dominant flow component globally, compared to flows to other surface water bodies and lateral flows. Furthermore, first global maps of the distribution of gaining and losing surface water bodies are displayed.
For the purpose of determining the uncertainty in model outcomes a sensitivity study is conducted with an innovative approach through applying a global sensitivity analysis for a computationally complex model. First global maps of spatially distributed parameter sensitivities are presented. The results at hand indicate that globally simulated hydraulic heads are equally sensitive to hydraulic conductivity, groundwater recharge and surface water body elevation, even though parameter sensitivities do vary regionally.
A high resolution model of New Zealand is developed to further understand the involved uncertainties connected to the spatial resolution of the global model. This thesis finds that a new understanding is necessary how these models can be evaluated and that a simple increase in spatial resolution is not improving the model performance when compared to observations.
Alongside the assessment of the natural equilibrium, the concept of a fully coupled transient model as integrated storage component replacing the former model in the hydrological model WaterGAP is discussed. First results reveal that the model shows reasonable response to seasonal variability although it contains persistent head trends leading to global overestimates of water table depth due to an incomplete coupling. Nonetheless, WaterGAP-G3M is already able to show plausible long term storage trends for areas that are known to be affected by groundwater depletion. In comparison with two established regional models in the Central Valley the coupled model shows a highly promising simulation of storage declines.
Endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in different pathological conditions, but whether endothelial cell death contributes to the development and progression of certain pathological conditions is rather unclear. Here we found that endothelial cells undergo cell death during pathologies such as LPS-induced sepsis and in models of hindlimb, renal and cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Analyses of mice lacking endothelial key cell death regulators such as TAK1, RIPK3 and Caspase 8 gave us insight in the role of endothelial cell death in these pathological models. For example, increased endothelial necroptosis along with basal inflammation in lungs of TAK1ECKO mice affects susceptibility to LPS-induced sepsis and mortality, which correlated with elevated IFN-gamma and MIP-2 serum levels. Furthermore, we found that inhibition of RIPK3-mediated endothelial necroptosis could reduce the susceptibility of TAK1ECKO mice to LPS-induced sepsis and mortality. In ischemia or ischemia-reperfusion models, inhibition of RIPK3-mediated endothelial necroptosis did not reduce injury in the heart after ischemia, nor did it have any effect on organ function post-injury in the kidney or the heart. Inhibition of necroptosis also did not alter vascularization processes in hindlimb post-ischemia. Taken together, endothelial necroptosis contributes to increased sepsis severity and progression whereas inhibition of endothelial necroptosis can ameliorate susceptibility to sepsis in the absence of endothelial TAK1. Inhibition of endothelial necroptosis however does not play an important role during ischemia or ischemia-reperfusion induced organ injury.