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Neogastropods are usualiy accepted as the most advanccd prosobranchs, though their organization is approached in several respects in some higher families of Mesogastropoda. This seems, however, to be due to parallel evolution and the neogastropods originated from a much lower grade of mesogastropod. Although some workers derive them from an archaeogastropod stock there are too many features in their anatomy characteristic of mesogastropods rather than of archaeogastropods for this to bc acceptable. On the whofe, neogastropods are a rather uniform group of prosobranchs in their shell, external features, and internal anatomy. In only one System do they show, by comprison with archaeo- and mesogastropods, both extreme specialization and considerable variation: this is the gut, which is in several ways unlike that of any other prosobranch. This is to be associated with their carnivorous way of life, in which respect they again differ markedly from meso- and archaeogastropods. Taylor, Morris Br Taylor (1980) have shown how neogastropod species differ amongst themselves not, primarily, in their rnode of life, but in their often narrow choice of prey. Since the anatomical requirements for predation are more or less constant, the different species remain similar in organization and are often sympatric. In these respects neogastropods differ markedly from mesogastropods, whose adaptive radiation has been extensive and primarily in relation to mode of life. Separation of neogastropods from mesogastropods rests mainly on the siphonal canal in the shell, the siphon on the mantle edge, the rachiglossate or toxoglossate radula, and the presence of a pleurembolic proboscis or one of its varieties (Smith, 1967). The osphradium is large and its axis carries a double series of lamellae, giving it a gill-like appearance. Males always have a penis and females usually a ventral pedal gland. lnternally the anterior part of the alimentary caiial has becorne elaborate, with a complex glandular equipment, and the wall of the kidney is more folded than in mesogastropods. The nervous systern is concentrated, though the visceral ganglia remain posteriorly placed. Eggs are laid in capsules attached to the substratum. A free larval stage is often suppressed and food eggs are common, but neither of these features has much taxonomic significance, occurring apparently randomly throughout the group. Because of their general similarity classification of the Neogastropoda has proved to be no easy task, and there is still no universally-accepted subdivision of the order into superfamilies. It is generally agreed, however, that the order may be split into two groups, primarily on the basis of radular structure. The more primitive of these, the Rachiglossa, has a radula with typically 3 teeth per row; the more advanced, the Toxoglossa, has a radula which, in more primitive genera, resembles the rachiglossate, but which Comes, in more advanced toxoglossans, to have only a single tooth in action at a time. Each tooth has then become scroll-like and is used for the injection of poison from a poison gland into the prey (Shimek & Kohn, 1981). The group Toxoglossa is agreed to contain the superfamily Conacea which includes (as Recent forms) the families Turridae, Conidae, and Terebridae, all with poison apparatus, though with very different shells. Risbec (1955), followed by Taylor & Sohl (1962), has added a second superfamily Mitracea containing, in the family Mitridae, a grouping of genera selected from that family as earlier understood. These have a rachiglossate radula and an apparent poison gland not irnrnediately comparable with that of undoubted toxoglossans. This reclassification of mitrids has not found favour with subsequent workers (Cernohorsky, 1966, 1970; Ponder, 1972). Ponder (1973) made a case for adding a third suborder to the two mentioncd above. This was to contain the single superfamily Cancellariacea with the one family Cancellariidae. The case rests on the unique character of their radula. It is, however, when one turns to the remaining rachiglossan families and- attempts to assign them to superfamilies that difficulties mount. Three groupings Iiave been conventionally recognized - Muricacea, Buccinacea, and Volutacea, though it has often appeared that the last was a collection of animals not obviously assignable to the other two rather than clearly related amongst thernselves. Ponder (1973) came to the somewhat pessimistic conclusion that all rachiglossans should be put into a single taxon, for which he used the name Muricacea. It seems to us, however, that certainly within the limited group of anirnals with which we have to deal here, but even in a broader context, there is still some validity - and certainly convenience - in the older Separation, when due importance is given to internal anatomy; we propose, therefore, to retain the three superfamilies in dealing with a group which is otherwise too large for easy treatment. We adopt this arrangement the more readily as we have no volutacean mernbers of the fauna with which we have to deal, provided that we accept Ponder's proposal to create a separate superfamily for cancellariids. This allows the remaining superfamilies to be split into Muricacea and Buccinacea, and it is between these two superfamilies that lines of division may most obviously be drawn. Taylor & Sohl (1962) noted about 800 genera and subgenera in the rachiglossan group. The Buccinacea, with nearly 400, is rivalled for size only by the superfamilies Rissoacea and Cerithiacea amongst all the prosobranchs. A difficulty arises at this point in relation to the number of species which have been described. Many neogastropods are not intertidal in occurrence. Their capture is dependent upon dredging, a method which can often do no more than sample a few isolated spots on the ocean bed. Many species have been described on the basis of these samples without any real knowledge of the variation whjch may affect populations. It seems, indeed, probable that many of these are no more than local varieties, especially when it is remembered that the anatomy of many is very imperfectly known. We have, therefore, been conservative in nomenclature and tended to use broad generic groupings where others might have used narrower ones. The latter may be right, but it is prernature to be sure of this.
Gebete der heiligen Jungfrau Maria = Äthiopische Handschrift Ms.or.17, um 1750 (VOHD XV, Nr.14)
(1750)
Postkartenheft mit Abbildungen folgender 12 Kriegerdenkmäler um Metz Gravelotte-St. Privat: Denkmal des dritten Garde-Regiment zu Fuss bei St. Privat Denkmal des Garde-Korps bei St. Privat Französisches Kriegerdenkmal bei Noisseville Metz - Denkmal der 7000 französischen Soldaten auf dem Garnisons-Friedhof Gravelotte - Denkmal des Jäger Bataillons No. 8 an der Schlucht Denkmal des 12. sächsischen Armee-Corps Amanweiler - Kaiser Alexander Garde-Regiment No. 1 Colombey - Denkmal des 1. Westfälischen Inf.-Rgt. No. 13 Denkmal des Garde-Füsilier-Regiments bei Ste-Marie-aux-Chenes Denkmal des 3. Garde-Grenadier-Regiments, "Königin Elisabeth" bei Amanweiler Denkmal des ersten Garderegiment bei St. Privat Amanweiler - Garde-Schützen-Denkmal
Koloniales Wahlbrevier
(1930)
Arbitration international
(2000)
Volume 16 (2000) Issue 1 Consent to Arbitration Through Agreement to Printed Contracts: The Continental Experience [Houtte] (133 KB) The Enforcement of International Commercial Arbitration Agreements in Canada [Branson] (249 KB) The Vicissitudes of Transnational Commercial Arbitration and the Lex Mercatoria: A View from the Periphery [Nottage] (232 KB) The 'Y2K Problem' and Arbitration: The Answer to the Myth [Ylts] (158 KB) Book Notes [Goodliffe] (80 KB) Issue 2 Lloyd George, Lenin and Cannibals: The Harriman Arbitration [Veeder] (191 KB) The Courts of England and Wales, Commercial Education and the Changing Business of the City of London [Thomas] (144 KB) The Australian International Arbitration Act, the Fiction of Severability and Claims for Restitution [Baron] (242 KB) Are Alternative Dispute Resolution Methods Superior to Litigation in Resolving Disputes in International Commerce? [Wang] (153 KB) Notes (26 KB) Bias for Judges- and Arbitrators? (41 KB) The Challenge of Unopposed Arbitrations (57 KB) Alternative Dispute Resolution in Catalonia (99 KB) Book Notes (88 KB) Book Reviews [Azzali, Born, Freedberg, Hascher, Jan Van Den Berg, Veeder] (117 KB) Issue 3 The Spirit of Arbitration: The Tenth Annual Goff Lecture [Nariman] (137 KB) The Development of Arbitration in International Financial Transactions [Horn] (129 KB) Leaving Colonial Arbitration Laws Behind: Southeast Asia's Move into the International Arbitration Arena: The 2000 Gillis Wetter Prizewinner [Schaefer] (262 KB) Parallel Actions Pending Before an Arbitral Tribunal and a State Court: The Solution Under Swiss Law [Perret] (90 KB) Barristers, Independence and Disclosure Revisited [Kendall] (73 KB) Less is More: Directing Arbitration Procedures [Marriott] (36 KB) European Public Policy and the Austrian Supreme Court [Liebscher] (85 KB) Issue 4 Consolidated Index - Volume 16 (103 KB) Dr Heribert Golsong 23 October 1927 ? 2 April 2000 Obituary [Turck] (26 KB) International Commercial Dispute Resolution: The Challenge of the Twenty-First Century [Hunter] (108 KB) Arbitration under the North American Free Trade Agreement [Alvarez] (268 KB) Special Section Commentary on the Hubco Judgment [Majeed] (59 KB) Hubco Judgment Transcript in the Supreme Court of Pakistan (Appellate Jurisdiction) [Majeed] (187 KB) The America's Cup Arbitration Panel [Tompkins] (51 KB) New Zealand Rugby Union: Disciplinary Processes [Howman] (95 KB) Australian Rules Football: Disciplinary Processes [Nolan] (92 KB) Australian Rugby League: Player Misconduct - The Objectives of a Penal Code [Gray] (45 KB) Book Notes (71 KB) Volume 17 (2001) Issue 1 Power of Arbitrators to Fill Gaps and Revise Contracts to Make Sense [Berger] (140 KB) The Role of the Lex Loci Arbitri in International Commercial Arbitration [Goode] (161 KB) Obtaining Documents from Adverse Parties in International Arbitration [Webster] (141 KB) Transnational Law: A Legal System or a Method of Decision Making? [Gaillard] (105 KB) Arbitrability under the New York Convention: The Lex Fori Revisited [Arfazadeh] (136 KB) Cepani (Belgian Centre for Arbitration and Mediation) Modifies its Rules (85 KB) Towards the Harmonization of International Arbitration Rules: Comparative Analysis of the Rules of the ICC, AAA, LCIA and CIETAC (75 KB) Book Notes (42 KB) Recht und Praxis des Schiedsverfahrens [Sandrock] (35 KB) Diary of Arbitration Conferences 2001 (70 KB) Issue 2 The New, New Lex Mercatoria, or, Back to the Future [Fortier] (62 KB) Arbitration and Brazil: A Foreign Perspective [Blackaby] (96 KB) Obtaining Evidence from Third Parties in International Arbitration [Webster] (141 KB) The Dismantling of a German Champion: Katrin Krabbe and her Ordeal with the German Track and Field Association and the IAAF [Faylor] (70 KB) Formula 1 Racing and Arbitration: The FIA Tailor-made System for Fast-Track Dispute Resolution [Kaufmann-Kohler, Peter] (135 KB) Judgment between Thomas Dobbie Thomson Walkinshaw & ors. and Pedro Paulo Diniz (136 KB) The Third Man: The 1999 Act Sets Back Separability? [Diamond] (57 KB) Case Note on Tononoka Steels Limited v. Eastern and Southern Africa Trade and Development Bank [Muyanja] (38 KB) Book Notes (74 KB) Issue 3 Reflections on the International Arbitrator's Duty to Apply the Law The 2000 Freshfields Lecture [Mayer] (90 KB) A Global' Arbitration Decided on the Basis of the UNIDROIT Principles: In re Andersen Consulting Business Unit Member Firms v. Arthur Andersen Business Unit Member Firms and Andersen Worldwide Société Coopérative [Bonell] (92 KB) Arbitration's Discontents: Of Elephants and Pornography [Park] (87 KB) Enforceability of Agreed Awards in Foreign Jurisdictions [Lörcher] (83 KB) A Real Danger of Confusion? The English Law Relating to Bias in Arbitrators [Eastwood] (182 KB) Notes: Domestic Courts' Obligation to Refer Parties to Arbitration [Cobb] (101 KB) Notes: French and US Courts Define Limits of Sovereign Immunity in Execution and Enforcement of Arbitral Awards [Turck] (113 KB) Book Notes (34 KB) Issue 4 Introduction [Paulsson] (28 KB) Arbitration Reform in Sweden [Hobér] (234 KB) The Arbitration Agreement under the Swedish 1999 Arbitration Act and the German 1998 Arbitration Act [Berger] (85 KB) Formation of the Arbitral Tribunal [Chang] (68 KB) The Arbitral Award: Some Comments on the 1999 Swedish Arbitration Act [Komarov] (51 KB) Sweden's Review of Arbitral Awards: a US Perspective [Aksen] (42 KB) The Swedish Arbitration Act of 1999 (English) [Hobér] (91 KB) The Swedish Arbitration Act of 1999 (Swedish) [Hobér] (80 KB) Book Notes (53 KB) Consolidated Index ? Volume 17 (38 KB) List of Contributors ? Volumes 1?17 (33 KB) Volume 18 (2002) Issue 1 When Should an Arbitrator Join Cases? [Platte] (104 KB) Confidentiality in International Commercial Arbitration [Trakman] (121 KB) A Thing Unknown to Law': the Strange Case of the Admiralty Transport Arbitration Board [Foxton] (193 KB) Witness Conferencing' [Peter] (73 KB) Bridging the Common Law-Civil Law Divide in Arbitration [Elsing, Townsend] (48 KB) Lex Mercatoria Online: the CENTRAL Transnational Law Database at www.tldb.de [Berger] (86 KB) Book Notes (37 KB) Book Review: Die ICC Schiedsgerichtsordnung in der Praxis, by Erich Schäfer, Herman Verbist and Christophe Imhoos [Kreindler] (32 KB) Issue 2 Islamic Law and the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal: The Primacy of International Law over Municipal Law [Fry] (133 KB) Terms of Reference and Negative Jurisdictional Decisions: A Lesson from Australia [Greenberg, Secomb] (79 KB) The Principle of Lis Pendens in International Arbitration: The Swiss Decision in Fomento v. Colon [Oetiker] (65 KB) The Fourth Arbitrator? The Role of Secretaries to Tribunals in International Arbitration [Partasides] (107 KB) American Werewolves in London [Dasteel, Jacobs] (121 KB) The 1920-1923 North Sakhalin Concession Agreement [Veeder] (117 KB) International Commercial Arbitration: A Canadian Perspective [Finn, Thomson] (89 KB) Book Notes (40 KB) Issue 3 The Rt Hon Sir Michael Kerr ? In Memoriam [Phillips] (45 KB) Introduction to Articles ? Dallas Workshop on Aribtrating with Sovereigns [Donovan] (22 KB) International Arbitration and Sovereignty [Reisman] (59 KB) Commentary [Berman] (40 KB) Commentary [Gaillard] (40 KB) Introduction to the Mock Case [Beechey] (21 KB) Scene I: US Power and Local Power Discuss Filing a Request for Arbitration with ICSID (43 KB) Commentary: Drafting Arbitration Clauses in Contracts Involving Sovereigns [Freyer] (36 KB) Commentary: The Role of Administering Organizations [Peterson] (22 KB) Scene II: ICSID Registers the Request (43 KB) Commentary: ICSID Jurisdiction and the Request for Arbitration [Tawil] (22 KB) Commentary: Investment and Dispute Resolution [Bergsten] (25 KB) Scene III: Oral Proceedings (89 KB) The Iran?United States Claims Tribunal and Disputes Involving Sovereigns [Briner] (39 KB) Commentary: ICSID Proceedings in the Absence of a Bilateral Investment Treaty [Legum] (32 KB) Commentary: Investment Disputes Under NAFTA [Aguilar Alvarez] (23 KB) Scene IV: Oral Proceedings Regarding the State Court Injunction (73 KB) Commentary: ICSID Tribunals and Injunctions by State Courts [Friedland] (33 KB) Commentary: Practical Options when Faced with an Injunction Against Arbitration [Scott] (64 KB) Scene V: Panel Deliberations (22 KB) Commentary: The Broader Context [McLachlan] (37 KB) Book Notes (70 KB) Issue 4 The Lex Mercatoria in Practice: The Experience of the Iran?United States Claims Tribunal [Brunetti] (193 KB) The Englishman's Word as the Foreigner's Bond [Taylor] (123 KB) A Remarkable Example of Promotion of Arbitration and ADR: The Resolution of Disputes in the Belgian Newly Liberalized Energy Sector [Block, Haverbeke] (80 KB) The Production of Documents in International Arbitration ? A Commentary on Article 3 of the New IBA Rules of Evidence [Raeschke-Kessler] (118 KB) The 2001 Goff Lecture [Veeder] (128 KB) Will the United Kingdom's Human Rights Act Further Protect Parties to Arbitration Proceedings? [Kasolowsky, Robinson] (91 KB) ADR and Commercial Disputes by Russell Caller (ed.). [Wackie Eysten] (70 KB) Consolidated Index (46 KB) List of Contributors (33 KB)
Die originalschriftliche Erfassung ausländischer Literatur in nichtlateinischen Schriften durch den Einsatz von Unicode ist ein aktuelles Ziel vieler Bibliotheken. Trotzdem behalten auch transliterierte Formen und die dafür notwendigen Transliterationsstandards ihre Bedeutung, denn universell ausgerichtete Bibliotheken müssen sich darauf einstellen, ihren Benutzern beide Varianten anzubieten. Die Bibliothekare erhalten dabei Unterstützung durch ihre Bibliothekssysteme, die zumindest teilweise bereits Funktionen für eine automatische Transliteration nach originalschriftlicher Eingabe durch eine hinterlegte Umschrifttabelle bereit halten. In diesem Kontext arbeitet der Arbeitsausschuss "Transliteration und Transkription" an einer Modernisierung der vorhandenen Standards und deren Einbettung in internationale Usancen. Außerdem werden bei Bedarf neue Transliterationsstandards entwickelt. Bereits erfolgreich abgeschlossen wurde das Projekt zur Revision von DIN 31636 (Umschrift des hebräischen Alphabets). Der Vortrag gibt einen Überblick über sämtliche laufenden Projekte des Ausschusses (Griechisch, Kyrillisch, Armenisch, Georgisch, Japanisch) und berücksichtigt auch die entsprechenden Aktivitäten der International Organization for Standardization (ISO) auf internationaler Ebene.