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Henoticonus bouchardi Grouvelle transferred to Trogocryptoides Champion (Coleoptera: Salpingidae)
(2013)
During a revision of the genus Pharaxonotha Reitter, 1875 (Coleoptera: Erotylidae) the study of the type of Henoticonus bouchardi Grouvelle, 1919 (Coleoptera: Erotylidae), considered to belong in Pharaxonotha, was found to be misplaced. Henoticonus bouchardi is transferred to the genus Trogocryptoides Champion, 1924 (Coleoptera: Salpingidae: Prostominiinae), becoming Trogocryptoides bouchardi (Grouvelle), new combination. A lectotype is designated for H. bouchardi to stabilize its identity and nomenclature.
Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract and phenolic compounds of a liverwort, Reboulia hemispherica was carried out by Agar well diffusion technique. The Gram positive bacteria were more sensitive than the Gram negative ones, while the fungal species were least sensitive. R. hemispherica extract exhibited best results against Staphylococcus aureus, although it was active against all tested microbes. The antimicrobial activity increased with the increase in the concentration of the extract except in Klebsiella sp. S. aureus, E. faecalis and Bacillus cereus were inhibited more by the crude methanol extract of R. hemispherica than the phenolic compounds isolated from the extract. A. niger was inhibited equally by the crude methanol extract as well as the phenolic compounds. B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. sp. and P. notatum were inhibited more by phenolic compounds than the crude methanol extract of R. hemispherica. Thus phenolic compounds of R. hemispherica should be studied further for use as antimicrobial agent.
The present phylogenetic analysis was conducted using mitochondrial genome sequences of plants to infer evolutionary relationship of bryophytes. Paraphyly of bryophytes was shown by reconstructed trees. Liverworts are the first to diverge therefore appeared as sister to land plants in nucleotide based trees. However protein sequences based tree show mosses and liverworts to form a joint clade. Hornworts formed sister relationship with vascular plants.
Combined data from chloroplast and mitochondrial genome sequences showed paraphyly of bryophytes
(2013)
The present study was conducted using chloroplast and mitochondrial genome sequences of plants to gain insight on evolutionary relationship of bryophytes. The representative taxa were selected considering the availability of both organelle genome sequences. Phylogenetic analysis using combined data from chloroplast and mitochondrial sequences infer paraphyly of bryophytes.
Microsatellites also known as simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are short repeat motifs (1-6 bp) found in DNA sequences Detection of microsatellites is important for the development of molecular markers and to study the mapping of traits of economic, medical or ecological interest. In the present study, chloroplast genome sequence of Anthoceros formosae, downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) was mined with the help of MISA tool to detect SSRs in chloroplast genome (cpSSRs). A total of 67 SSRs were detected with a density of 1 SSR/2.4 kb in 161.162 kb sequence mined. Depending on the repeat units, the length of SSRs ranged from 12 to 18 bp for mono-, 14 to 46 bp for di-, 12 to 27 bp for tri-, 12 to 20 bp for tetra and 18 bp for hexa-nucleotide repeats. Mononucleotide repeats were the most frequent repeat type (35.82%) followed by dinucleotide repeats (25.37%). Penta-nucleotide repeats were not detected in chloroplast genome sequence of Anthoceros formosae.
Mining of simple sequence repeats in chloroplast genome of a parasitic liverwort: Aneura mirabilis
(2013)
Aneura mirabilis is a parasitic liverwort with a chloroplast genome size of 108007 bp. In this study simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected using bioinformatics approch in plastid genome of Aneura mirabilis. Due to its small genome size only 19 repeats were detected showing a density of 1 SSR/5.68 kb. The length of SSRs ranged from 12 to 20 bp. Mononucleotide repeats were the most frequent repeat type (36.84%) followed by tetranucleotide repeats (31.58%). Moreover hexanucleotide repeats were absent in chloroplast genome sequence of Aneura mirabilis.
The availability of organelle genome sequences in public databases facilitates the reconstruction of land plants phylogeny. Therefore the present phylogenetic analysis was conducted using chloroplast genome sequences of plants to study phylogenetic relationship of bryophytes. The representative taxa were selected considering the availability of organelle genome sequences in database. Inferred tree topologies showed paraphyly of bryophytes with sister relationship between hornworts and vascular plants irrespective of the method (Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference) and type of sequences (Nucleotide and Protein) used. Among bryophytes liverworts are the first to diverge therefore appeared as sister to land plants. Moreover land plants formed a monophyletic group.
During the analysis of collections made by the author and company in Madikeri (Coorg) district the need of an updated checklist became eminent. Literature studies were carried out alongside with the identification of specimen. Liverworts were added to the existing checklist of mosses of Karnataka. Location information of previous publications has been critically revised and reflected in the current list. An extended history of the bryological exploration of the state of Karnataka is given.
Dragonflies from mainland Yemen and the Socotra Archipelago : additional records and novelties
(2013)
The odonatological results of two field trips to mainland Yemen carried out mainly in summer 2005 and winter 2007, and to Socotra in winter 1999 are put on record. At 30 localities, 33 dragonfly species were collected, respectively observed. One species,Azuragrion somalicum, is new for mainland Yemen, and a second, Pseudagrion niloticum, is new for mainland Yemen and the Arabian Peninsula. Three species, Azuragrionsomalicum, Orthetrum julia, and Sympetrum fonscolombiiare new records for Socotra.
Allelopathic effect of Stichococcus bacillaris Nageli (Green Alga) on the growth of two bryophytes
(2013)
Stichococcus bacillaris (Green Alga) growth was observed as a contaminant on two taxa of bryophytes, a thalloid liverwort Lunularia cruciata (L.) Dumort. ex. Lindb. and a hornwort Folioceros physocladus Bharad. ex Schiffn. et Pande, growing on soil in pots in acclimatization chamber of Moss House at National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India. Due to this algal contamination, suppression of growth of these bryophytes has been observed. It was evident that succession of Stichococcus bacillaris and its interaction with bryophytes played a significant role of allelopathy.
Growth of nine species of cyanobacteria was observed on eight species of bryophytes (thalloid liverworts and mosses) growing in the polyhouse, Bryophyte conservatory (Moss House), at National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India. Bryophytes were cultured in the laboratory and transferred to polyhouse for hardening and acclimatization. Cyanobacterial growth was observed on the bryophytes as a contamination due to which there was suppression of bryophyte growth. It was evident that cyanobacteria played a significant role of allelopathy.
Hauptziel der Untersuchung war die Erhebung von Daten zur Verbreitung von S. arcti-cain den 17 ausgewählten Moorgebieten entlang der polnischen Ostseeküste und in der Pommerschen Seenplatte. Im Rahmen dieser Studie in odonatologisch bisher wenig bearbeiteten Gebieten wurden drei neue Fundorte von S.arctica gefunden, in denen diese Art kleine, aber beständige Populationen bildet. Zwei dieser Gebiete liegen weit von den bisher bekannten Vorkommen entfernt. Für zukünftige Arbeiten ist es wichtig zu untersuchen, ob diese Fundorte populationsökologisch isoliert sind oder ob S. arctica auch in den geographisch dazwischen liegenden Biotopen vorkommt. Ein weiteres Ziel des Vorhabens war eine Verbesserung des allgemeinen Wissens zur regionalen Libellenverbreitung. Die Studie dokumentiert für diese odonatologisch bisher nicht bearbeiteten Gebiete eine hohe Libellendiversität. Hinzu kommt, dass in 15der 17 untersuchten Gebiete mindestens eine rechtlich geschützte Libellenart vorkommt. Dies lässt vermuten, dass die Renaturierungsmaßnahmen eine positive Auswirkung für die seltenen und lebensraumspezialisierten Libellenarten haben. Diese Studie stellt somit eine Grundlage für zukünftige Analysen zur Bewertung des Erfolges der aktiven Moorschutzmaßnahmen auf Basis der Libellen dar.
The genus Dadagulella gen. nov. is described to include 16 species of small, dentate, ovateacuminate Afrotropical snails. An identification key is provided and biogeography, anatomy and systematics are discussed. The type species is the Kenyan D. radius (Preston, 1910) comb. nov., whose name has informally been used for part of the group in the past. Substantial intraspecific variation occurs in three species: D. radius itself, D. browni (van Bruggen, 1969) comb. nov. and D. minuscula (Morelet, 1877) comb. nov. (= Ennea fi scheriana Morelet, 1881) (non Gulella minuscula Emberton & Pearce, 2000) . We recognise subspecies within each of these: D.radius radius (Preston, 1910) comb. nov., D. r. calva (Connolly, 1922) comb. et stat. nov., D. browni browni (van Bruggen, 1969) comb. nov., D. b. mafi ensis subsp. nov., D. b. semulikiensis subsp. nov., D. minuscula minuscula (Morelet, 1877) comb. nov., D. m. mahorana subsp. nov. Six new Tanzanian species are described: D. cresswelli sp. nov., D. delta sp. nov., D. ecclesiola sp. nov., D. frontierarum sp. nov., D. minareta sp. nov., and D. pembensis sp. nov. The genus includes seven other previously described species: D. cuspidata (Verdcourt, 1962) comb. nov.; D. rondoensis (Verdcourt, 1994) comb. nov.; D. conoidea (Verdcourt, 1996) comb. nov.; D. selene (van Bruggen & Van Goethem, 1999) comb. nov.; D. meredithae (van Bruggen, 2000) comb. nov.; D. nictitans (Rowson & Lange, 2007) comb. nov.; and D. delgada (Muratov, 2010) comb. nov.
Pristomerus species of Madagascar are revised. We report 15 species, of which 12 are newly described: P. guinness sp. nov., P. hansoni sp. nov., P. kelikely sp. nov., P. keyka sp. nov., P. moramora sp. nov., P. melissa sp. nov., P. patator sp. nov., P. ranomafana sp. nov., P. roberti sp. nov., P. vahaza sp. nov., P. veloma sp. nov. and P. yago sp. nov. Pristomerus albescens (Morley) and P. cunctator Tosquinet are newly recorded from Madagascar and new host and/or distribution records are provided for this species. A dichotomous key to all species is provided. The zoogeographical relation of the Malagasy fauna of Pristomerus with respect to mainland Africa is discussed: only three of the 15 species are reported to occur outside of Madagascar, suggesting a high level of endemism in Madagascar which was not unexpected.
Several populations of four known species of the genus Pungentus (P. clavatus, P. engadinensis, P. marietani and P. silvestris), collected in the wild and in cultivated soils from the Iberian Peninsula, are studied. Detailed redescriptions and morphometrics are presented for each species. Illustrations are provided, including line drawings, light microscopy pictures of the four species as well as scanning electron microscopy observations of P. engadinensis. The Iberian populations are compared to type and other known populations, and new data are given that provide a better characterization of these taxa. Pungentus engadinensis is the most widely distributed species in the Iberian Peninsula.
The following genera of Leiodini (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Leiodinae) of the continental United States and Canada are reviewed: Cyrtusa Erichson, with two species; Isoplastus Horn, with two species (one new); Liocyrtusa Daffner, with three species; Lionothus Brown, with five species (three new), and Zeadolopus Broun, with four species (all genera are in the “Cyrtusa genus group”) and Ecarinosphaerula Hatch, with one named species (in the “Leiodes genus group”). The new species are Isoplastus floridanus Peck and Cook of Florida; Lionothus bidentatus Peck and Cook of Texas and Oklahoma, Lionothus exiguus Peck and Cook of Florida and Texas, and Lionothus parvoculus Peck and Cook of Arizona and New Mexico. Bionomic data on the species are given, and complete known distributions are mapped.
A review of the genus Anogdus LeConte (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Leiodinae: Leiodini) of North America finds 16 species. Ten of these were previously described and there are no new synonyms. Six are named as new species: A. alachua n. sp., of Florida; A. cochise, n. sp., of Arizona; A. huachuca n. sp., of Arizona; A. rileyi n. sp, of Texas; A. texanus n. sp., of Texas and Oklahoma; and A. tridens n. sp, of Arkansas, Arizona, Illinois, Indiana, Oklahoma, and Texas. A key is provided to aid identification of the species.
The Neotropical members of the genus Aesalus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Aesalinae) are transferred to a new genus, Trogellus, due to their morphological dissimilarity and molecular divergence from the Old World species of Aesalus, and the new genus is revised. A neotype is designated for A. trogoides Albers and a lectotype for A. neotropicalis Bates. Aesalus smithi Bates is placed into synonymy with Aesalus trogoides, new synonymy. Two new combinations result from the transfer of species formerly in Aesalus: Trogellus trogoides from Mexico and Trogellus neotropicalis from Guatemala. In addition to the two known species, eight new species are described: T. catrachitus, T. chapinitus, T. hawksi, T. herrmanni, T. maesi, T. narizotus, T. ticiticus, and T. trifinius. This brings the total number of species of Central American aesalines to ten. A phylogeny of Aesalini based on two gene regions of ribosomal DNA is presented. Due to clear morphological differences and large molecular divergence between species groups, two additional new subgenera of Trogellus are proposed: Mayaesalus and Trogoides.