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Precise measurement of the branching fractions of of J/ψ → Λ¯π⁺Σ⁻ + c.c. and J/ψ → Λ¯π⁻Σ⁺ + c.c.
(2023)
Based on a data sample of (10087±44)×106 J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector, the branching fraction of J/ψ→Λ¯π+Σ−+c.c. is measured to be (1.221±0.002±0.038)×10−3, and the branching fraction of its isospin partner mode J/ψ→Λ¯π−Σ++c.c. is measured to be (1.244±0.002±0.045)×10−3 with improved precision. Here the first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones systematic. The isospin symmetry of the Σ baryon in charmonium hadronic decay and the "12% rule" are tested, and no violation is found. The potential of using these channels as Σ baryon sources for nuclear physics research is studied, and the momentum and angular distributions of these sources are provided.
A light scalar X0 or vector X1 particles have been introduced as a possible explanation for the (g−2)μ anomaly and dark matter phenomena.
Using (8.998±0.039)×109 $\jpsi$ events collected by the BESIII detector, we search for a light muon philic scalar X0 or vector X1 in the processes J/ψ→μ+μ−X0,1 with X0,1 invisible decays. No obvious signal is found, and the upper limits on the coupling g′0,1 between the muon and the X0,1 particles are set to be between 1.1×10−3 and 1.0×10−2 for the X0,1 mass in the range of 1<M(X0,1)<1000 MeV/c2 at 90% confidence level.
By analyzing 7.33 fb−1 of e+e− annihilation data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.128 and 4.226 GeV with the BESIII detector, we report the observation of the semileptonic decay D+s→η′μ+νμ, with a statistical significance larger than 10σ, and the measurements of the D+s→ημ+νμ and D+s→η′μ+νμ decay dynamics for the first time. The branching fractions of D+s→ημ+νμ and D+s→η′μ+νμ are determined to be (2.235±0.051stat±0.052syst)% and (0.801±0.055stat±0.028syst)%, respectively, with precision improved by factors of 6.0 and 6.6 compared to the previous best measurements. Combined with the results for the decays D+s→ηe+νe and D+s→η′e+νe, the ratios of the decay widths are examined both inclusively and in several ℓ+νℓ four-momentum transfer ranges. No evidence for lepton flavor universality violation is found within the current statistics. The products of the hadronic form factors fη(′)+,0(0) and the c→s Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |Vcs| are determined. The results based on the two-parameter series expansion are fη+,0(0)|Vcs| = 0.452±0.010stat±0.007syst and fη′+,0(0)|Vcs| = 0.504±0.037stat±0.012syst, which help to constrain present models on fη(′)+,0(0). The forward-backward asymmetries are determined to be ⟨AηFB⟩=−0.059±0.031stat±0.005syst and ⟨Aη′FB⟩=−0.064±0.079stat±0.006syst for the first time, which are consistent with the theoretical calculation.
A search for the rare radiative leptonic decay D+s→γe+νe is performed for the first time using electron-positron collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.19 fb−1, collected with the BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of 4.178 GeV. No evidence for the D+s→γe+νe decay is seen and an upper limit of B(D+s→γe+νe)<1.3×10−4 is set on the partial branching fraction at a 90\% confidence level for radiative photon energies E∗γ>0.01~GeV.
Using a sample of (10.09±0.04)×109 J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring, a partial wave analysis of the decay J/ψ→γηη′ is performed. The first observation of an isoscalar state with exotic quantum numbers JPC=1−+, denoted as η1(1855), is reported in the process J/ψ→γη1(1855) with η1(1855)→ηη′. Its mass and width are measured to be (1855±9+6−1)MeV/c2 and (188±18+3−8)MeV, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic, and its statistical significance is estimated to be larger than 19σ.
The rise of shale gas and tight oil development has triggered a major debate about hydraulic fracturing (HF). In an effort to bring light to HF practices and their potential risks to water quality, many U.S. states have mandated disclosure for HF wells and the fluids used. We employ this setting to study whether targeting corporate activities that have dispersed externalities with transparency reduces their environmental impact. Examining salt concentrations that are considered signatures for HF impact, we find significant and lasting improvements in surface water quality between 9-14% after the mandates. Most of the improvement comes from the intensive margin. We document that operators pollute less per unit of production, cause fewer spills of HF fluids and wastewater and use fewer hazardous chemicals. Turning to how transparency regulation works, we show that it increases public pressure and enables social movements, which facilitates internalization.
We examine the impact of increasing competition among the fastest traders by analyzing a new low-latency microwave network connecting exchanges trading the same stocks. Using a difference-in-differences approach comparing German stocks with similar French stocks, we find improved market integration, faster incorporation of stock-specific information, and an increased contribution to price discovery by the smaller exchange. Liquidity worsens for large caps due to increased sniping but improves for mid caps due to fast liquidity provision. Trading volume on the smaller exchange declines across all stocks. We thus uncover nuanced effects of fast trader participation that depend on their prior involvement.
This paper investigates the implications of monetary policy rules during the surge and subsequent decline of inflation in the euro area and compares them to the interest rate decisions of the European Central Bank (ECB). It focuses on versions of the Taylor (1993) and Orphanides and Wieland (OW) (2013) rules. Rules that respond to recent outcomes of HICP Core or domestic inflation data called for raising interest rates in 2021 and well ahead of the rate increases implemented by the ECB. Thus, such simple outcome-based policy rules deserve more attention in the ECB’s monetary policy strategy. Interestingly, the rules support the recent shift of the ECB to policy easing. Yet, they add a note of caution by suggesting that policy rates should not decline as fast as apparently anticipated by traded derivative-based interest rate forecasts.
We show that exposure to anti-capitalist ideology can exert a lasting influence on attitudes towards capital markets and stock-market participation. Utilizing novel survey, bank, and broker data, we document that, decades after Germany's reunification, East Germans invest significantly less in stocks and hold more negative views on capital markets. Effects vary by personal experience under communism. Results are strongest for individuals remembering life in the German Democratic Republic positively, e. g., because of local Olympic champions or living in a "showcase city". Results reverse for those with negative experiences like religious oppression, environmental pollution, or lack of Western TV entertainment.
We examine the effect of personal, two-way communication on the payment behavior of delinquent borrowers. Borrowers who speak with a randomly assigned bank agent are significantly more likely to successfully resolve the delinquency relative to borrowers who do not speak with a bank agent. Call characteristics related to the human touch of the call, such as the likeability of the agent’s voice, significantly affect payment behavior. Borrowers who speak with a bank agent are also significantly less likely to become delinquent again. Our findings highlight the value of a human element in interactions between financial institutions and their customers.
Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 10.9 fb−1 collected at center-of-mass energies from 4.16 to 4.34 GeV with the BESIII detector, we search for the decay χc1(3872)→π+π−χc1 in the radiative production e+e−→γχc1(3872). No significant signal is observed, and the ratio for the branching fraction of χc1(3872)→π+π−χc1 to χc1(3872)→π+π−J/ψ is measured as R≡B[χc1(3872)→π+π−χc1]B[χc1(3872)→π+π−J/ψ]<0.18 at 90% confidence level. The upper limit on the product of the cross section σ[e+e−→γχc1(3872)] and the branching fraction B[χc1(3872)→π+π−χc1] at each center-of-mass energy is also given. These measurements favor the non-conventional charmonium nature of the χc1(3872) state.
This book presents an innovative and imaginative reading of contemporary Australian literature in the context of unprecedented ecological crisis. The Australian continent has seen significant, rapid changes to its cultures and land-use from the impact of British colonial rule, yet there is a rich history of Indigenous land-ethics and cosmological thought. By using the age-old idea of ‘cosmos’—the order of the world—to foreground ideas of a good order and chaos, reciprocity and more-than-human agency, this book interrogates the Anthropocene in Australia, focusing on notions of colonisation, farming, mining, bioethics, technology, environmental justice and sovereignty. It offers ‘cosmological readings’ of a diverse range of authors—Indigenous and non-Indigenous—as a challenge to the Anthropocene’s decline-narrative. As a result, it reactivates ‘cosmos’ as an ethical vision and a transculturally important counter-concept to the Anthropocene. Kathrin Bartha-Mitchell argues that the arts can help us envision radical cosmologies of being in and with the planet, and to address the very real social and environmental problems of our era. This book will be of particular interest to scholars and students of Ecocriticism, Environmental Humanities, and postcolonial, transcultural and Indigenous studies, with a primary focus on Australian, New Zealand, Oceanic and Pacific area studies.
Aim and Objectives: We aimed to test the impact of age on long-term urinary continence (≥12 months) in patients undergoing robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy. Methods and Materials: We relied on an institutional tertiary-care database to identify the patients who underwent robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy between January 2014 and January 2021. Patients were divided into three age groups: age group one (≤60 years), age group two (61–69 years) and age group three (≥70 years). Multivariable logistic regression models tested the differences between the age groups in the analyses addressing long-term urinary continence after robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy. Results: Of the 201 prostate cancer patients treated with robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy, 49 (24%) were assigned to age group one (≤60 years), 93 (46%) to age group two (61–69 years) and 59 (29%) to age group three (≥70 years). The three age groups differed according to long-term urinary continence: 90% vs. 84% vs. 69% for, respectively, age group one vs. two vs. three (p = 0.018). In the multivariable logistic regression, age group one (Odds Ratio (OR) 4.73, 95% CI 1.44–18.65, p = 0.015) and 2 (OR 2.94; 95% CI 1.23–7.29; p = 0.017) were independent predictors for urinary continence, compared to age group three. Conclusion: Younger age, especially ≤60 years, was associated with better urinary continence after robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy. This observation is important at the point of patient education and should be discussed in informed consent.
Endogenous time of day-dependent modulation of brain activity and visual perception in humans
(2023)
Earth’s rotation and the resulting day-night cycle of solar irradiance causes rhythmic changes in environmental conditions. The circadian system anticipates these predictable challenges and the brain integrates this information with homeostatic cues in order to time behavior accordingly. Humans highly depend on the visual system, which is most drastically affected by planetary rotation, with the most pronounced changes occurring during twilight. Yet, it is still unclear how visual perception and its underlying neural processes are modulated according to the time of day. We thus investigated human brain activity in constant dim light via the fMRI BOLD-signal during resting-state and a close-to-threshold visual detection task over 6 times of the day.
BOLD-variability decreased endogenously at times of twilight in sensory cortices during resting-state and, even more, in the visual cortex during visual perception at these times. Furthermore, the visual cortex BOLD-variability reductions were associated with improved visual detection performance. In contrast, mean BOLD-activations related to visual perception were not significantly modulated by the time of day.
In conclusion, these results imply that the visual cortex BOLD-variability reductions at times of twilight constitute a predictive mechanism facilitating visual perception to compensate for the degraded visual signal quality at these times. Individual chronotype and homeostatic sleep pressure explained part of the BOLD-variability modulation, suggesting a combined circadian and homeostatic regulation. Human activity usually extends into times of twilight, even in preindustrial societies. Therefore, anticipatory optimization of the visual system at twilight may have been crucial for survival and may still be relevant today whenever electric light is not available at these times. Moreover, the findings suggest that endogenous BOLD-variability reductions in sensory cortices constitute a novel general mechanism underlying enhanced close-to-threshold perception, further supporting the biological significance of BOLD-variability.
Using 𝑒+𝑒− collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.33 fb−1 recorded by the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.128 and 4.226 GeV, we present an analysis of the decay 𝐷+𝑠→𝜋+𝜋−𝑒+𝜈𝑒, where the 𝐷+𝑠 is produced via the process 𝑒+𝑒−→𝐷*±𝑠𝐷∓𝑠. We observe the 𝑓0(980) in the 𝜋+𝜋− system and the branching fraction of the decay 𝐷+𝑠→𝑓0(980)𝑒+𝜈𝑒 with 𝑓0(980)→𝜋+𝜋− measured to be (1.72±0.13stat±0.10syst)×10−3, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The dynamics of the 𝐷+𝑠→𝑓0(980)𝑒+𝜈𝑒 decay are studied with the simple pole parametrization of the hadronic form factor and the Flatté formula describing the 𝑓0(980) in the differential decay rate, and the product of the form factor 𝑓𝑓0+(0) and the 𝑐→𝑠 Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |𝑉𝑐𝑠| is determined for the first time to be 𝑓𝑓0+(0)|𝑉𝑐𝑠|=0.504±0.017stat±0.035syst. Furthermore, the decay 𝐷+
𝑠→𝑓0(500)𝑒+𝜈𝑒 is searched for the first time but no signal is found. The upper limit on the branching fraction of 𝐷+𝑠→𝑓0(500)𝑒+𝜈𝑒, 𝑓0(500)→𝜋+𝜋− decay is set to be 3.3×10−4 at 90% confidence level.
The processes hc→γP(P=η′, η, π0) are studied with a sample of (27.12±0.14)×108 ψ(3686) events collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The decay hc→γη is observed for the first time with the significance of 9.0σ, and the branching fraction is determined to be (3.77±0.55±0.13±0.26)×10−4, while B(hc→γη′) is measured to be (1.40±0.11±0.04±0.10)×10−3, where the first uncertainties are statistical, the second systematic, and the third from the branching fraction of ψ(3686)→π0hc. The combination of these results allows for a precise determination of Rhc=B(hc→γη)B(hc→γη′), which is calculated to be (27.0±4.4±1.0)%. The results are valuable for gaining a deeper understanding of η−η′ mixing, and its manifestation within quantum chromodynamics. No significant signal is found for the decay hc→γπ0, and an upper limit is placed on its branching fraction of B(hc→γπ0)<5.0×10−5, at the 90% confidence level.
Using a sample of about 10 billion J/ψ events with the BESIII detector, we search for the weak decays of J/ψ→D¯0π0+c.c., J/ψ→D¯0η+c.c., J/ψ→D¯0ρ0+c.c., J/ψ→D−π++c.c., and J/ψ→D−ρ++c.c.. Since no significant signal is observed, we set the upper limits of the branching fractions of these decays to be B(J/ψ→D¯0π0+c.c.)<4.7×10−7, B(J/ψ→D¯0η+c.c.)<6.8×10−7, B(J/ψ→D¯0ρ0+c.c.)<5.2×10−7, B(J/ψ→D−π++c.c.)<7.0×10−8, and B(J/ψ→D−ρ++c.c.)<6.0×10−7 at the 90\% confidence level.
We present the first search for the semileptonic decay D+s→π0e+νe using a data sample of electron-positron collisions recorded with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.178 and 4.226~GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.32~fb−1. This decay is expected to be sensitive to π0--η mixing. No significant signal is observed. We set an upper limit of 6.4×10−5 on the branching fraction at the 90% confidence level.