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Figura lacrima
(2012)
Hervé Joubert-Laurencin’s article 'Figura Lacrima', which explores Pasolini's figure of Christ, consists of two interconnected parts. The part called 'Lacrima' argues that Pasolini's Christ sheds a small tear which is analogous to the salvific tear of Dante's Bonconte da Montefeltro. This heretical tear is not explicitly referred to or shown but can only be perceived through the coherent text represented by the ensemble of Pasolini's films. The part called 'Figura' argues that Pasolini invents the new concept of 'figural integration', which extends beyond Erich Auerbach's analysis of medieval figural and typological interpretation and allows him to conceptualize a kind of non-dichotomous tension between the poles structuring his thought and art. Joubert-Laurencin argues thereby that Pasolini's scandal of Christ's small tear is not the simple provocation of a sinful Christ, but the utopian image of a West that frees itself from its own closure through the promise of another world, coming not from somewhere else but from the powers of an outside that it possesses within itself.
Pasolini's literature, film, theatre, and essays engaged with Classical tragedy from the mid-1960s onwards. As Bernhard Groß shows in his paper 'Reconciliation and Stark Incompatibility: Pasolini's "Africa" and Greek Tragedy', this engagement forms a modality in Pasolini's politics of aesthetics that seeks to grasp the fundamental transformation from a rural-proletarian to a petit-bourgeois Italy. Since the mid-'60s, Pasolini was concerned with the bourgeoisie and its utopian potentials, which he sought to make productive by reading Classical tragedy as a possibility to make contradictions visible. Pasolini realized his reading of the Classical tragedy by having 'Africa' and 'Europe' - as he understood them - confront one another without mediation. By means of film analyses and film theory, Groß argues that this confrontation, especially in the films on the ancient world, generates an aesthetic place where the incompatible can unfold in the spectators' experience.
The body of the actor : notes on the relationship between the body and acting in Pasolini's cinema
(2012)
Agnese Grieco's paper 'The Body of the Actor: Notes on the Relationship Between the Body and Acting in Pasolini's Cinema' deals with the specific physiognomy of the actor within Pasolini's 'cinema of poetry'. It argues that Pasolini's films allow the spectator to experience directly a complex and polyvalent reality beyond the traditional idea of 'representation'. As a fragment of that reality, actors quote and present themselves beyond and through their interpretations of a role. Instead of conceiving of the actor as a 'professional of fiction', Pasolini employs a variety of actors who are able fully to convey their own anthropological history. It is particularly the body of the actor, Grieco concludes, that becomes a door opening towards a deeper reality. For instance, the figure of Ninetto Davoli can push us back towards Greek antiquity, and the codified art of the comedian Totò or the iconic fixity of Maria Callas can interact with the African faces of the possible interpreters of an African Oresteia.
Astrid Deuber-Mankowsky's paper 'Cinematographic Aesthetics as Subversion of Moral Reason in Pasolini's Medea' explores the 1969 film "Medea". Pasolini's Medea, masterfully played by Maria Callas, betrays her homeland and her origin, stabs both her children, sets her house on fire, and dispossesses Jason of his sons' corpses. But Deuber-Mankowsky argues that it is ultimately not these acts that render the film particularly disturbing and disconcerting, but, rather, the fact that the spectator is left behind in suspension precisely because Medea cannot be easily condemned for her acts. Pasolini's film and its cinematographic aesthetics thereby not only subvert the projection of Medea into the prehistorical world of madness and perversion, but also undermine belief in the validity of the kind of moral rationality developed and constituted in an exemplary way by Immanuel Kant in his "Critique of Practical Reason". In particular, Pasolini seems to relate conceptually to Nietzsche's artistic-philosophical transfiguration of Dionysus and to accuse belief in a world of reasons of failing to grasp the groundlessness, irrationality, or even a-rationality of reason itself.
Nestwärme mag sich nicht unbedingt als Begriff aufdrängen, um die Zugehörigkeit zu einer im Bürgerkrieg kämpfenden Zelle der kommunistischen Partei zu beschreiben. Auch der Hühnerstall mag nicht die allererste Wahl sein, um einer gefühlten Unbehaustheit ein Bild von Geborgenheit gegenüberzusetzen. Doch gerade mit solchen Assoziationen eröffnet Maher Abi Samra in seinem Dokumentarfilm 'Shuyu'iyin kinna' ('We were Communists') die Suche nach seiner verlorenen Zeit. In dem 2010 fertiggestellten, teils autobiographischen Film begibt sich der Regisseur auf eine Selbstfindungsreise, die gleichzeitig in die Vergangenheit und Gegenwart führt, und lässt dabei auch drei Mitstreiter ihren Lebensweg seit den 1980er Jahren Revue passieren. Zu Beginn des Films, als der einstige Kämpfer erstmals nach langem Auslandsaufenthalt in sein Appartement zurück kehrt, unter dem es früher einmal ein KP-Büro gab, stellt er fest: "This gave me a sense of security, [...] the security chicken feel in their coop." Doch dieses Gefühl wird nicht anhalten. Am Ende des Films sehen wir den Regisseur allein in seinem verschneiten, gespenstischen Heimatdorf davongehen und hören eine Tür knarrend zufallen: Es gibt keinen Weg zurück.
Slovenian partisan film is a term which denotes films glorifying Slovenian communist-led guerrilla fighters (so-called 'partisans'), who resisted the German and Italian occupying forces during WW II. These films were made during the decades of communist rule in post-war Yugoslavia and were an important part of the official ideological propaganda. Since the fall of communism in 1989 and Slovenia's secession from former Yugoslavia two years later, however, partisan films have fallen into complete neglect. This is regrettable since they not only represent an important (and not necessarily unattractive) part of Slovenian film history but also allow unique insights into the complexities of the official ideology during the decades of communist rule in the country (1945−89). Namely, the existing ideology was not as simple as might have seemed from the outside: while the Slovenian Communist party had no problems with class issues (class inequalities were regarded according to the Marxist agenda as bad and everything was actually done to eliminate them), there were many important areas of social life that were neglected or dealt with in ideologically relatively ambivalent terms.
Die Schwierigkeit von Zugehörigkeit in einer Stadt, die sich durch Zerstörung und Wiederaufbau ständig im Wandel befindet, ist eines der Themen, mit denen der libanesische Regisseur Ghassan Salhab seine Filmfiguren konfrontiert. Die Zerstörung des multikonfessionellen und sozial gemischten Stadtzentrums bereits in den ersten Kriegsjahren, die zu einer Entkernung der Stadt Beirut, zu einer leeren Mitte führte, hat die Auslöschung sozialer Erinnerungsräume zur Folge. Stadtviertel erfahren entsprechend einer kriegsbedingten, zunehmenden Fragmentierung der Stadt massive Veränderungen ihrer Sozialstruktur hin zu kleineren homogenen Einheiten, wodurch die durch stark emotionalisierte Erinnerungen geprägten mentalen Topographien die physische Realität überlagern.