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This paper offers an explanation of each of the 44 scientific names given by Leopold Krüger (1861-1942) to odonate taxa together with that for the names of all the genera into which they are sorted now. But prior to that there is some information about the life and work of this scientist, and in the final part his preferences in odonatological nomenclature are compared with those in the names created by F.M. Brauer and F. Ris and some impressions of his studies on Neuroptera are presented and considerations about his aspirations in his work are given.
An explanation is presented for each of the 135 scientific names given to Odonata by F. M. Brauer (fossils and synonyms included), in addition the names of the actual genera in which Brauer’s species are now classified are explained. Prior to that part biographical information is given and Brauer’s merits in enlightening the taxonomy of dragonflies are analysed. Conclusions are drawn as to his preferences in odonatological nomenclature and finally the difficulties are discussed, which Brauer had to face in his taxonomic work.
Hemipogon s. str. (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) currently consists of three species sharing an erect herbaceous habit, narrow leaves and corona-less flowers with urceolate, internally bearded corolla, that are mainly distributed in savannahs of the Cerrado biodiversity hotspot, South America. Here, we describe and illustrate a new species of Hemipogon, H. trilobatus Bitencourt & Rapini sp. nov., from an open savannah in Chapada dos Veadeiros, Central Brazil. Hemipogon trilobatus sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus mainly by the presence of a reduced staminal corona with 3-lobed lobes, but also by opposite leaves and triangular anthers. Distribution and habitat data, as well as a key and a comparative table to distinguish the four species currently accepted in Hemipogon s. str., are provided. Based on criteria B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv) of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the species is provisionally assessed as Critically Endangered.
Sweat bees in the subgenus Lasioglossum (Dialictus) are one of the most diverse and abundant bee taxa, and a critically important component of bee biodiversity. Yet, the most basic taxonomic knowledge of these bees is lacking in many regions. As a step towards a better understanding of the L. (Dialictus) of the western Nearctic region, a revision of the ‘red-tailed’ L. (Dialictus) species was completed. Thirty-six species were revised, 20 of which are described as new, and two names are treated as junior subjective synonyms. Descriptions, figures, distribution maps, floral hosts, and keys to species for females and males are provided. The following 20 species are described as new: Lasioglossum (Dialictus) arenisaltans sp. nov., L. (D.) argammon sp. nov., L. (D.) austerum sp. nov., L. (D.) cactorum sp. nov., L. (D.) cembrilacus sp. nov., L. (D.) clastipedion sp. nov., L. (D.) clavicorne sp. nov., L. (D.) decorum sp. nov., L. (D.) festinum sp. nov., L. (D.) imbriumbrae sp. nov., L. (D.) julipile sp. nov., L. (D.) lilianae sp. nov., L. (D.) meteorum sp. nov., L. (D.) miltolepoides sp. nov., L. (D.) minckleyi sp. nov., L. (D.) perditum sp. nov., L. (D.) rufornatum sp. nov., L. (D. ) spivakae sp. nov., L. (D.) tessellatosum sp. nov., and L. (D.) torrens sp. nov. Previously unknown males of L. (D.) clematisellum (Cockerell, 1904), L. (D.) droegei Gibbs, 2009, L. (D.) kunzei (Cockerell, 1898), and L. (D.) pallidellum (Ellis, 1914) are described and figured for the first time. Lasioglossum (Dialictus) clarissimum (Ellis, 1914) (= Halictus clarissimus Ellis, 1914) and L. (D.) perexiguum (Sandhouse, 1924) (= Halictus (Chloralictus) perexiguus Sandhouse, 1924) are new subjective junior synonyms of L. mesillense (Cockerell, 1898) (= Halictus nymphalis var. mesillensis Cockerell, 1898). A lectotype specimen is newly designated for L. mesillense, for which the location of the type material has not previously been known. The following five new records for Mexico are reported: L. clematisellum, L. droegei, L. eophilus (Ellis, 1914), L. kunzei, and L. pallidellum.
On eight species of the spider genus Synagelides Strand, 1906 from China (Araneae: Salticidae)
(2020)
Six new species of Synagelides Strand, 1906 are diagnosed and described: S. bohdanowiczi sp. nov. (♂♀), S. leigongensis sp. nov. (♂♀), S. logunovi sp. nov. (♂♀), S. subgambosus sp. nov. (♂♀), S. wuliangensis sp. nov. (♂♀) and S. xingdouensis sp. nov. (♂♀). The female of S. forkiforma Yang, Zhu & Song, 2007 and the male of S. longus Song & Chai, 1992 are described for the first time. Photos of the habitus and copulatory organs, as well as a distributional map, are provided.
Three new species of aulacid wasps, Aulacus pascali sp. nov., Pristaulacus elveni sp. nov. and Pristaulacus villemantae sp. nov., and a new species of gasteruptiid wasp, Gasteruption jenningsi sp. nov., are described and figured. Additionally, we update identification keys to New Caledonia species of aulacids and gasteruptiids. We also provide new data on New Caledonian Evaniidae, Gasteruptiidae and Stephanidae.
A new giant species of the subfamily Rhynchoproctinae with strikingly bi-coloured, red-yellow legs contrasting with a black body is described: Alienostreptus bicoloripes sp. nov. from Vietnam. The new species is assigned to the genus Alienostreptus Pimvichai, Enghoff & Panha, 2010 hitherto comprising one species, A. alienus (Attems, 1936), and differing from other rhynchoproctine genera by having the femoral spine duplicated. Species of this genus share three synapomorphic characters of the subfamily, viz (1) anterior coxal fold forms deep concavity in posterior view, (2) posterior coxal fold very low, and (3) posterior coxal fold with mesal flap. A superficially very similar colourful species from Borneo, also with bi-coloured legs but clearly not belonging to Alienostreptus due to the position of ventral soft pads on male legs, is documented based on photographs.
Features of the Maechidiini (Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) genera Maechidius Macleay, 1819, Epholcis Waterhouse, 1875 and Paramaechidius Frey, 1969 are critically revised and a new synonymy is proposed: Maechidius = Epholcis syn. nov. = Paramaechidius syn. nov. A key to and an annotated checklist of Maechidiini from the Indo-Australian transition zone are presented for the first time. Thirty-five new species are described, namely Maechidius aiyura sp. nov., M. alesbezdeki sp. nov., M. awu sp. nov., M. babyrousa sp. nov., M. bintang sp. nov., M. boessnecki sp. nov., M. brocki sp. nov., M. caperatus sp. nov., M. ciliatus sp. nov., M. crypticus sp. nov., M. dani sp. nov., M. deltouri sp. nov., M. dendrolagus sp. nov., M. hamatus sp. nov., M. kazantsevi sp. nov., M. konjo sp. nov., M. lapsus sp. nov., M. legalovi sp. nov., M. leucopsar sp. nov., M. longipes sp. nov., M. mailu sp. nov., M. maleo sp. nov., M. merdeka sp. nov., M. miklouhomaclayi sp. nov., M. nepenthephilus sp. nov., M. owenstanleyi sp. nov., M. riedeli sp. nov., M. similis sp. nov., M. skalei sp. nov., M. sougb sp. nov., M. suwawa sp. nov., M. trivialis sp. nov., M. ursus sp. nov., M. weigeli sp. nov. and M. yamdena sp. nov. Six new synonyms are proposed: Maechidius Macleay, 1819 = Epholcis Waterhouse, 1875 syn. nov. = Paramaechidius Frey, 1969 syn. nov., Maechidius esau Heller, 1914 = M. setosus Moser, 1920 syn. nov. = M. setosellus Frey, 1969 syn. nov., Maechidius heterosquamosus Heller, 1910 comb. rest. = Paramaechidius clypeatus Frey, 1969 syn. nov. and Maechidius paupianus Heller, 1910 = M. arrowi Frey, 1969 syn. nov. The first records of Maechidiini from the Tanimbar Islands (Yamdena), Sangihe Islands (Sangir) and Lesser Sunda Islands (Bali) are documented, of which the latter two are the northern- and westernmost known records of Maechidius and of the tribe Maechidiini. Lectotypes are designated for 23 species. Fifteen new combinations are proposed and the original combination to Maechidius is restored for four species. Ecological data are presented for the first time for selected Papuan and Wallacean species. Type material of Wallacean and Papuan Maechidiini is depicted for the first time. A key to species is given. In total, 78 species of Maechidiini are confirmed for the Indo-Australian transition zone.
Sea pens (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Pennatulacea) constitute a distinctive group of colonial marine invertebrates. They inhabit the world`s oceans, from shallow to deep waters. Studies about this group in Argentina are scarce, and no species have been described in the area in over a decade. Based on samples collected in Mar del Plata Submarine Canyon at about 3000 m deep we describe a new species of sea pen, Umbellula pomona Risaro, Williams & Lauretta sp. nov. This is a spiculate Umbellula that differs from other species of Umbellula with sclerites, by the number, development and distribution of the autozooids in its terminal cluster, as well as the shape of its axis. Molecular data also distinguishes it from other known species. Of the forty-three described species approximately ten are considered valid for the genus Umbellula, four of them are registered for the South Atlantic Ocean and only three are described for the Antarctic region. Since sampling efforts in this area have been scarce, the number of species of sea pens from the region is likely to increase substantially in the coming years.
All extant species of the planthopper genus Limois Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae) were studied. One new species, Limois sordida sp. nov., is described and illustrated from China. Six known species are re-described and photos and illustrations of male genitalia are provided. A key to all extant species of this genus is also given.