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Im Frühjahr 1998 lief in New York eine Retrospektive des 47jährigen, amerikanischen Videokünstlers Bill Viola. Die Ausstellung wurde zuvor in Los Angeles gezeigt. 1999 ist sei in Europa zu sehen (Amsterdam, Frankfurt/M.), sodann in San Francisco und Chicago: ein Programm bis zum Jahr 2000. Bill Viola soll zum Klassiker werden. In New York hatte das Whitney Museum of American Art seine beiden oberen Stockwerke freigeräumt, um siebzehn Videoinstallationen Raum zu schaffen. Man betrat vollständig abgedunkelte Stockwerke, in welche die Installationsräume labyrinthisch eingebaut waren. Es gab kein anderes Licht als dasjenige, das von den Installationen selbst ausging. Man konnte sich auch von den Tönen der Installationen leiten lassen. Das Aufsichtspersonal war von Viola geschult worden, mit etwaigen Verirrten und Verwirrten im Dunkel helfend umzugehen. Die Irritationen des Orientierungssinnes waren beabsichtigt. Man sollte in eine andere Welt eintreten. Der Gang durch die siebzehn Zellen sollte zu einer Initiation in die Welt Violas, einer Reise in die kunstvollen Phantasmen eines Gehirns. Durchaus drängte sich der Eindruck auf, daß der Gang durch die labyrinthischen Installationsräumen als eine Reise durch die inneren Kammern der Imagination Violas selbst inszeniert war. Zwar richten alle Kameras ihr Objektiv immer auf irgendein Ensemble der Außenwelt und insofern ist ihnen Referenzialität technisch eingebaut. Die Ausstellungsfolge der 'Bildkammern' Violas jedoch schien so arrangiert, daß man diese Referenz zunehmend verlor. Man tauchte in eine Bilderwelt, welche nicht die Außenwelt wiedergab, sondern direkt aus dem Bildgedächtnis und der Einbildungskraft des Gehirns zu erwachsen schien. Das machte den Besuch der Ausstellung zu einem Abenteuer, aber auch zu einer Art Intimität: es war eine Art visueller Beiwohnung der Innenwelt eines anderen Menschen, ebenso aufregend wie gelegentlich auch Scham oder das Gefühl wachrufend, man sei jemandem zu nahe getreten. Beides, Abenteuer wie Intimität, hat mit Grenzen und ihrer Überschreitung zu tun. Tatsächlich sollten die Besucher diesen Eindruck gewinnen: daß sie Grenzen überschritten, die gewöhnlich von Tabus und Verboten, von Scham oder Angst besetzt sind. Das einer Initiation ähnliche Arrangement diente einer solchen Grenzüberschreitung und Passage. ...
The ACL 2008 Workshop on Parsing German features a shared task on parsing German. The goal of the shared task was to find reasons for the radically different behavior of parsers on the different treebanks and between constituent and dependency representations. In this paper, we describe the task and the data sets. In addition, we provide an overview of the test results and a first analysis.
Chunk parsing has focused on the recognition of partial constituent structures at the level of individual chunks. Little attention has been paid to the question of how such partial analyses can be combined into larger structures for complete utterances. Such larger structures are not only desirable for a deeper syntactic analysis. They also constitute a necessary prerequisite for assigning function-argument structure. The present paper offers a similaritybased algorithm for assigning functional labels such as subject, object, head, complement, etc. to complete syntactic structures on the basis of prechunked input. The evaluation of the algorithm has concentrated on measuring the quality of functional labels. It was performed on a German and an English treebank using two different annotation schemes at the level of function argument structure. The results of 89.73% correct functional labels for German and 90.40%for English validate the general approach.
This paper reports on the SYN-RA (SYNtax-based Reference Annotation) project, an on-going project of annotating German newspaper texts with referential relations. The project has developed an inventory of anaphoric and coreference relations for German in the context of a unified, XML-based annotation scheme for combining morphological, syntactic, semantic, and anaphoric information. The paper discusses how this unified annotation scheme relates to other formats currently discussed in the literature, in particular the annotation graph model of Bird and Liberman (2001) and the pie-in-thesky scheme for semantic annotation.
This paper provides an overview of current research on a hybrid and robust parsing architecture for the morphological, syntactic and semantic annotation of German text corpora. The novel contribution of this research lies not in the individual parsing modules, each of which relies on state-of-the-art algorithms and techniques. Rather what is new about the present approach is the combination of these modules into a single architecture. This combination provides a means to significantly optimize the performance of each component, resulting in an increased accuracy of annotation.
Tree-local MCTAG with shared nodes : an analysis of word order variation in German and Korean
(2004)
Tree Adjoining Grammars (TAG) are known not to be powerful enough to deal with scrambling in free word order languages. The TAG-variants proposed so far in order to account for scrambling are not entirely satisfying. Therefore, an alternative extension of TAG is introduced based on the notion of node sharing. Considering data from German and Korean, it is shown that this TAG-extension can adequately analyse scrambling data, also in combination with extraposition and topicalization.
In this paper, we present an open-source parsing environment (Tübingen Linguistic Parsing Architecture, TuLiPA) which uses Range Concatenation Grammar (RCG) as a pivot formalism, thus opening the way to the parsing of several mildly context-sensitive formalisms. This environment currently supports tree-based grammars (namely Tree-Adjoining Grammars (TAG) and Multi-Component Tree-Adjoining Grammars with Tree Tuples (TT-MCTAG)) and allows computation not only of syntactic structures, but also of the corresponding semantic representations. It is used for the development of a tree-based grammar for German.
Existing analyses of German scrambling phenomena within TAG-related formalisms all use non-local variants of TAG. However, there are good reasons to prefer local grammars, in particular with respect to the use of the derivation structure for semantics. Therefore this paper proposes to use local TDGs, a TAG-variant generating tree descriptions that shows a local derivation structure. However the construction of minimal trees for the derived tree descriptions is not subject to any locality constraint. This provides just the amount of non-locality needed for an adequate analysis of scrambling. To illustrate this a local TDG for some German scrambling data is presented.
Relative quantifier scope in German depends, in contrast to English, very much on word order. The scope possibilities of a quantifier are determined by its surface position, its base position and the type of the quantifier. In this paper we propose a multicomponent analysis for German quantifiers computing the scope of the quantifier, in particular its minimal nuclear scope, depending on the syntactic configuration it occurs in.