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Bipolar disorder (BD) is a heritable mental illness with complex etiology. While the largest published genome-wide association study identified 64 BD risk loci, the causal SNPs and genes within these loci remain unknown. We applied a suite of statistical and functional fine-mapping methods to these loci, and prioritized 22 likely causal SNPs for BD. We mapped these SNPs to genes, and investigated their likely functional consequences by integrating variant annotations, brain cell-type epigenomic annotations, brain quantitative trait loci, and results from rare variant exome sequencing in BD. Convergent lines of evidence supported the roles of SCN2A, TRANK1, DCLK3, INSYN2B, SYNE1, THSD7A, CACNA1B, TUBBP5, PLCB3, PRDX5, KCNK4, AP001453.3, TRPT1, FKBP2, DNAJC4, RASGRP1, FURIN, FES, YWHAE, DPH1, GSDMB, MED24, THRA, EEF1A2, and KCNQ2 in BD. These represent promising candidates for functional experiments to understand biological mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Additionally, we demonstrated that fine-mapping effect sizes can improve performance and transferability of BD polygenic risk scores across ancestrally diverse populations, and present a high-throughput fine-mapping pipeline (https://github.com/mkoromina/SAFFARI).
Zinc finger (ZnF) domains appear in a pool of structural contexts and despite their small size achieve varying target specificities, covering single-stranded and double-stranded DNA and RNA as well as proteins. Combined with other RNA-binding domains, ZnFs enhance affinity and specificity of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). The ZnF-containing immunoregulatory RBP Roquin initiates mRNA decay, thereby controlling the adaptive immune system. Its unique ROQ domain shape-specifically recognizes stem-looped cis-elements in mRNA 3’-untranslated regions (UTR). The N-terminus of Roquin contains a RING domain for protein-protein interactions and a ZnF, which was suggested to play an essential role in RNA decay by Roquin. The ZnF domain boundaries, its RNA motif preference and its interplay with the ROQ domain have remained elusive, also driven by the lack of high-resolution data of the challenging protein. We provide the solution structure of the Roquin-1 ZnF and use an RBNS-NMR pipeline to show that the ZnF recognizes AU-rich elements (ARE). We systematically refine the contributions of adenines in a poly(U)-background to specific complex formation. With the simultaneous binding of ROQ and ZnF to a natural target transcript of Roquin, our study for the first time suggests how Roquin integrates RNA shape and sequence specificity through the ROQ-ZnF tandem.
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a crucial role in modulating physiological responses and serve as the main drug target. Specifically, salmeterol and salbutamol which are used for the treatment of pulmonary diseases, exert their effects by activating the GPCR β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR). In our study, we employed coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations with the Martini 3 force field to investigate the dynamics of drug molecules in membranes in presence and absence of β2AR. Our simulations reveal that in more than 50% of the flip-flop events the drug molecules use the β2AR surface to permeate the membrane. The pathway along the GPCR surface is significantly more energetically favorable for the drug molecules, which was revealed by umbrella sampling simulations along spontaneous flip-flop pathways. Furthermore, we assessed the behavior of drugs with intracellular targets, such as kinase inhibitors, whose therapeutic efficacy could benefit from this observation. In summary, our results show that β2AR surface interactions can significantly enhance membrane permeation of drugs, emphasizing their potential for consideration in future drug development strategies.
Motivated by the question of the impact of selective advantage in populations with skewed reproduction mechanims, we study a Moran model with selection. We assume that there are two types of individuals, where the reproductive success of one type is larger than the other. The higher reproductive success may stem from either more frequent reproduction, or from larger numbers of offspring, and is encoded in a measure Λ for each of the two types. Our approach consists of constructing a Λ-asymmetric Moran model in which individuals of the two populations compete, rather than considering a Moran model for each population. Under certain conditions, that we call the "partial order of adaptation", we can couple these measures. This allows us to construct the central object of this paper, the Λ−asymmetric ancestral selection graph, leading to a pathwise duality of the forward in time Λ-asymmetric Moran model with its ancestral process. Interestingly, the construction also provides a connection to the theory of optimal transport. We apply the ancestral selection graph in order to obtain scaling limits of the forward and backward processes, and note that the frequency process converges to the solution of an SDE with discontinous paths. Finally, we derive a Griffiths representation for the generator of the SDE and use it to find a semi-explicit formula for the probability of fixation of the less beneficial of the two types.
The chenopodium aphid, Hayhurstia atriplicis (Linnaeus, 1761) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is reported for the first time in Colombia. The aphid was found on the aerial parts of the quinoa plant, Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (Amaranthaceae), especially on the leaves, in five municipalities in the department of Cauca, Colombia. Brief information on its natural enemies, distribution and biology is provided. This is the only aphid in Colombia known to cause malformations on the leaves of quinoa plants. In South America, this aphid has been found previously only in Ecuador, where it was reported for the first time in 2023 based on specimens collected from 2019 to 2021. However, we report that H. atriplicis was likely introduced to Ecuador in the 2000s or earlier, based on a collection dated 2006 found in the United States National Museum of Natural History.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F43613E0-2854-44DE-9654-74138909717D
First record of the beekeeping pest Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) for Honduras
(2024)
Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) (also known as the small hive beetle), an important pest in apiaries, is reported from Honduras for the first time, new country record. The precise distribution in the country is unknown, and no damage related to it has been observed. Photographs are provided to aid in its identification. Differentiation of A. tumida from Aethina villosa Reitter and Aethina quadrata Sharp, which also occur in Honduras, is provided.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DAF12C6A-0F8C-4151-9C4D-F191CCC4032F
Three species of false click beetles (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae) are added to the Nearctic fauna. One new species, Isorhipis bicolor, is described from a small series collected in Florida, U.S.A. Eighteen specimens collected from Georgia were identified as Dyscharachthis amplicollis (Fleutiaux), new U.S.A. records for a species previously taken from Japan and Southeast Asia. Examination of a series of eucnemids collected by Kyle Schnepp in Florida allowed me to revisit the Deltometopus fauna in eastern North America. Antennal structures present in a series of male specimens in the loan and past examined specimens are definitive enough to resurrect Deltometopus ereptus Bonvouloir, status restored, from synonymy with Deltometopus amoenicornis (Say). Species identification keys are provided for Deltometopus Bonvouloir and Isorhipis Boisduval and Lacordaire in the Nearctic region. Diagnostic differences are briefly noted for each of the three newly added species found in the United States. Images of three species and the related D. amoenicornis are provided.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:30F462F1-966F-4A4F-9D10-BF967AED6574
A re-analysis of the morphological phylogeny of the Nopinae is made, based on an update in the description of Aamunops Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla, 2022 and the addition of the recently described genera Nopsma Sánchez-Ruiz, Brescovit & Bonaldo, 2020 and Roddemberryus Sánchez-Ruiz & Bonaldo, 2023. Two new species, Aamunops hoof sp. nov. (male) and Aamunops yiselae sp. nov. (male and female), are also described, which allows a better understanding of the genus morphology and resulted in an emended diagnosis. The description of Aamunops has been updated to include several characteristics of the ultrastructural morphology, legs, chelicerae, palps and female genitalia. The inclusion of these new characters of Aamunops along with those of Nopsma and Roddemberryus in the previous data matrix resulted in a new, completely different hypothesis of the relationships of the nopine genera: Nopsma is part of a group formed by Cubanops and Nyetnops, while Aamunops and Roddemberryus are grouped with representatives of Tarsonops. The four-eyed Nopsides ceralbonus Chamberlin, 1924 was recovered as the most basal species of Nopinae. The relationships among genera of Nopinae and the phylogenetic position of three species, whose taxonomic position is doubtful (Cubanops luquillo Sánchez-Ruiz, Brescovit & Alayón, 2015, Orthonops confuso Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla, 2022 and Tarsonops irataylori Bond & Taylor, 2013), is also discussed.
In this study, I describe two new species of Macrobiotus based on morphological data collected through light and scanning electron microscopy. Both species are accompanied by DNA sequences from four commonly used molecular markers (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, ITS-2, and COI). Macrobiotus ovovittatus sp. nov. was discovered in Greenland and can be distinguished from similar taxa of Macrobiotus by its continuous, solid, and clearly wrinkled egg surface, adorned with sparse, very small and irregularly spaced pores. Additionally, the terminal discs of egg processes are covered in multiple light-refracting dots, resembling crocheted napkins. Macrobiotus mileri sp. nov. was found in Israel and is characterized by unique pore arrangements in its body cuticle, expressed in two distinct animal forms: (i) forma porata with large pores arranged in five distinct patches and (ii) forma aporata with single, almost undetectable pores. It also features weakly defined convex terminal discs with smooth edges. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analyses conducted in this study offer the most updated phylogeny of superclade I within the family Macrobiotidae. This facilitates additional discussion concerning the interrelationships among species within the genus Macrobiotus and the circumscription of species groups within it.
Upon infection, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) releases its cone-shaped capsid into the cytoplasm of infected T-cells and macrophages. As its largest known cargo, the capsid enters the nuclear pore complex (NPC), driven by interactions with numerous FG-repeat nucleoporins (FG-Nups). Whether NPCs structurally adapt to capsid passage and whether capsids are modified during passage remains unknown, however. Here, we combined super-resolution and correlative microscopy with cryo electron tomography and molecular simulations to study nuclear entry of HIV-1 capsids in primary human macrophages. We found that cytosolically bound cyclophilin A is stripped off capsids entering the NPC, and the capsid hexagonal lattice remains largely intact inside and beyond the central channel. Strikingly, the NPC scaffold rings frequently crack during capsid passage, consistent with computer simulations indicating the need for NPC widening. The unique cone shape of the HIV-1 capsid facilitates its entry into NPCs and helps to crack their rings.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical post-transcriptional regulators in many biological processes. They act by guiding RNA-induced silencing complexes to miRNA response elements (MREs) in target mRNAs, inducing translational inhibition and/or mRNA degradation. Functional MREs are expected to predominantly occur in the 3' untranslated region and involve perfect base-pairing of the miRNA seed. Here, we generate a high-resolution map of miR-181a/b-1 (miR-181) MREs to define the targeting rules of miR-181 in developing murine T-cells. By combining a multi-omics approach with computational high-resolution analyses, we uncover novel miR-181 targets and demonstrate that miR-181 acts predominantly through RNA destabilization. Importantly, we discover an alternative seed match and identify a distinct set of targets with repeat elements in the coding sequence which are targeted by miR-181 and mediate translational inhibition. In conclusion, deep profiling of MREs in primary cells is critical to expand physiologically relevant targetomes and establish context-dependent miRNA targeting rules.
Tree-related microhabitats (TreMs) describe the microhabitats that a tree can provide for a multitude of other taxonomic groups and have been proposed as an important indicator for forest biodiversity (Asbeck et al., 2021). So far, the focus of TreM studies has been on temperate forests, although many trees in the tropics harbour exceptionally high numbers of TreMs. In this study, TreMs in the lowland tropical forests of the Choco (Ecuador) and in the mountain tropical forests of Mount Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) were surveyed. Our results extend the existing typology of TreMs of Larrieu et al. (2018) to include tropical forests and enabled a comparison of the relative recordings and diversity of TreMs between tropical and temperate forests. A new TreM form, Root formations, and three new TreM groups, concavities build by fruits or leaves, dendrotelms, and root formations, were established. In total, 15 new TreM types in five different TreM groups were specified. The relative recordings of most TreMs were similar between tropical and temperate forests. However, ivy and lianas, and ferns were more common in the lowland rainforest than in temperate forests, and bark microsoil, limb breakage, and foliose and fruticose lichens in tropical montane forest than in lowland rainforest. Mountain tropical forests hosted the highest diversity for common and dominant TreM types, and lowland tropical forest the highest diversity for rare TreMs. Our extended typology of tree-related microhabitats can support studies of forest-dwelling biodiversity in tropical forests. Specifically, given the ongoing threat to tropical forests, TreMs can serve as an additional tool allowing rapid assessments of biodiversity in these hyperdiverse ecosystems.
There has been a growing awareness of the need for scientific research to focus on somatic and mental comorbidities in recent years due to the emerging evidence showing their substantial overlap at numerous levels. In this special issue, initiated by members of the EU-funded PRIME consortium (“Prevention and Remediation of Insulin Multimorbidity in Europe; www.prime-study.eu), the focus is on the comorbidities of metabolic disturbances, especially related to insulin signalling dysregulation and mental and neurological disorders. Thus, while obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome are commonly known to be insulin-related disorders, the last decades have shown that neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, as well as neurodevelopment disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) also fall into this category. The special issue draws together a series of basic and clinical review articles that describe the current knowledge and future perspectives regarding insulin comorbidities across a multidisciplinary group of experts
Der interdisziplinäre Sammelband eröffnet neue Perspektiven auf den Stil als bislang unterkonturierte literaturwissenschaftliche Leitkategorie unter transnationalen, wissens-, gattungs- und sprachgeschichtlichen Gesichtspunkten. Im 18. Jahrhundert zeichnet sich im Nachdenken über Schreibarten eine Neujustierung der Stilkategorie ab, die den Stil zur Reflexionsgröße für ästhetische Diskurse macht. Der Band sondiert die Pluralisierung, Historisierung und Individualisierung der Stilkategorie, die ihr neue literatur- und kulturtheoretische Anwendungsbereiche eröffnet. Die Bewegungen zwischen den Sprachen, Literaturen, Medien und semantischen Feldern erschließt die Publikation, indem sie europäische Vergleichshorizonte eröffnet und literatur- ebenso wie sprachwissenschaftliche Ansätze präsentiert. Damit leistet sie einen Beitrag zum Feld der komparatistisch ausgerichteten Germanistik, insbesondere der Literatur- und Kulturgeschichte des 18. Jahrhunderts und des europäischen Kulturtransfers.
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) constitute giant channels within the nuclear envelope that mediate nucleocytoplasmic exchange. NPC diameter is thought to be regulated by nuclear envelope tension, but how such diameter changes are physiologically linked to cell differentiation, where mechanical properties of nuclei are remodeled and nuclear mechanosensing occurs, remains unstudied. Here we used cryo-electron tomography to show that NPCs dilate during differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into neural progenitors. In Nup133-deficient cells, which are known to display impaired neural differentiation, NPCs however fail to dilate. By analyzing the architectures of individual NPCs with template matching, we revealed that the Nup133-deficient NPCs are structurally heterogeneous and frequently disintegrate, resulting in the formation of large nuclear envelope openings. We propose that the elasticity of the NPC scaffold mechanically safeguards the nuclear envelope. Our studies provide a molecular explanation for how genetic perturbation of scaffolding components of macromolecular complexes causes tissue-specific phenotypes.
The epitranscriptome embodies many new and largely unexplored functions of RNA. A significant roadblock hindering progress in epitranscriptomics is the identification of more than one modification in individual transcript molecules. We address this with CHEUI (CH3 (methylation) Estimation Using Ionic current). CHEUI predicts N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and 5-methylcytidine (m5C) in individual molecules from the same sample, the stoichiometry at transcript reference sites, and differential methylation between any two conditions. CHEUI processes observed and expected nanopore direct RNA sequencing signals to achieve high single-molecule, transcript-site, and stoichiometry accuracies in multiple tests using synthetic RNA standards and cell line data. CHEUI’s capability to identify two modification types in the same sample reveals a co-occurrence of m6A and m5C in individual mRNAs in cell line and tissue transcriptomes. CHEUI provides new avenues to discover and study the function of the epitranscriptome.
Der interdisziplinäre Sammelband eröffnet neue Perspektiven auf den Stil als bislang unterkonturierte literaturwissenschaftliche Leitkategorie unter transnationalen, wissens-, gattungs- und sprachgeschichtlichen Gesichtspunkten. Im 18. Jahrhundert zeichnet sich im Nachdenken über Schreibarten eine Neujustierung der Stilkategorie ab, die den Stil zur Reflexionsgröße für ästhetische Diskurse macht. Der Band sondiert die Pluralisierung, Historisierung und Individualisierung der Stilkategorie, die ihr neue literatur- und kulturtheoretische Anwendungsbereiche eröffnet. Die Bewegungen zwischen den Sprachen, Literaturen, Medien und semantischen Feldern erschließt die Publikation, indem sie europäische Vergleichshorizonte eröffnet und literatur- ebenso wie sprachwissenschaftliche Ansätze präsentiert. Damit leistet sie einen Beitrag zum Feld der komparatistisch ausgerichteten Germanistik, insbesondere der Literatur- und Kulturgeschichte des 18. Jahrhunderts und des europäischen Kulturtransfers.
Um 1750 zeichnet sich eine grundlegende Verschiebung in der Funktion des Stilbegriffes ab, die sowohl die Theorie als auch die Praxis literarischen Schreibens veränderte. Während sich das an der frühaufklärerischen Erkenntnistheorie orientierte Ideal der ersten Jahrhunderthälfte als analytischer Stil beschreiben lässt, zielt die Dichtungstheorie und -praxis in der zweiten Jahrhunderthälfte auf einen synthetischen Stil, der sich im poetischen Text als "übersummatives Ganzes" (Ulf Abraham) manifestiert; die poetische Absicht wird durch diesen Stil in einem korrelativen Verhältnis von Text und Einbildungskraft verwirklicht. In einer vergleichenden, den historischen Kontext einbeziehenden Analyse zweier Gedichte von Barthold Heinrich Brockes und Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock wird nachgewiesen, dass sich das Verständnis von Stil von einer Art Verdoppelung des Erkenntnisprozesses (Brockes) zu einer kognitiven Funktion (Klopstock) hin verschiebt.
Um 1750 gelangt die ethopoetische Funktion des Stils in den Fokus verschiedener Autoren, welche die Kategorie in Rhetorik, Poetik und Ästhetik neu vermessen. Johann Christoph Gottscheds Rhetorik weiß den Stil als Übung zu nutzen, um Empfinden und Denken der Schüler zu trainieren. Der Charakter der Schüler resultiert somit aus einem Ausbildungsprogramm, das vom Spracherwerb bis zum Verfassen von Reden reicht. Johann Jacob Breitinger erläutert in seiner Poetik, wie die Sprache auf einer semiotischen Ebene auf verschiedene Arten Kraft ausübt, um das Gemüt zu bewegen und damit sinnliche Erkenntnisse zu generieren. Stil als Übung und Stil als Darstellungsverfahren vereint Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten in seiner Wissenschaft der sinnlichen Erkenntnis, die sowohl eine Vervollkommnung des sinnlichen Erkennens anstrebt als auch die Verfahren beleuchtet, die für die Darstellung der sinnlichen Erkenntnis verantwortlich sind.
Almost ten years after the European Commission action plan on building a capital markets union (CMU) and despite incremental progress, e.g. in the form of the EU Listing Act, the picture looks dire. Stock exchanges, securities markets, and supervisory authorities remain largely national, and, in many cases, European companies have decided to exclusively list overseas. Notwithstanding the economic and financial benefits of market integration, CMU has become a geopolitical necessity. A unified capital market can bolster resilience, strategic autonomy, and economic sovereignty, reduce dependence on external funding, and may foster economic cooperation between member states.
The reason for the persistent stand-still in Europe’s CMU development is not so much the conflict between market- and state-based integration, but rather the hesitancy of national regulatory and supervisory bodies to relinquish powers. If EU member states wanted to get real about CMU (as they say, and as they should), they need to openly accept the loss of sovereignty that follows from a true unified capital market. Building on economic as well as historical evidence, the paper offers viable proposals on how to design competent institutions within the current European framework.
This note outlines the case for speedy capital market integration and for the adoption of a common regulatory framework and single supervisory authority from a political economy perspective. We also show the alternative case for harmonization and centralization via regulatory competition, elaborating how competition between EU jurisdictions by way of full mutual recognition may lead to a (cost-)efficient and standardized legal framework for capital markets. Lastly, the note addresses the political economy conflict that underpins the implementation of both models for integrating capital markets. We point out that, in both cases, national authorities experience a loss of legislative and jurisdictional competence at the national level. We predict that any plan to foster a stronger capital market union, following an institution based or a market-based strategy, will face opposition from powerful national stakeholders.
In der Bibliographie sind alle bisher ermittelten Publikationen von und über Curt SigmarGutkind verzeichnet. Belegexemplare der von ihm verfassten Aufsätze und Zeitungsbeiträge(Rezensionen, Theaterkritiken usw.) befinden sich in seinem im Mannheimer Stadtarchivaufbewahrten Nachlass. Alle Einträge wurden autoptisch geprüft.
Hugh Blairs umfangreiche "Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres" sind eines der erfolgreichsten Werke der englischsprachigen Rhetoriktradition. Der Stilbegriff bildet das Zentrum von Blairs Ästhetikkonzept. Blair greift einerseits auf die rhetorische Tradition zurück, bezieht sich andererseits aber auch auf wahrnehmungstheoretische Überlegungen aus der zeitgenössischen empiristischen Psychologie. Neben den ästhetischen Qualitäten des Stils rücken dabei Fragen der Verständnissicherung durch stilistische Klarheit in den Fokus. Blairs "Lectures" greifen damit über das Feld der Ästhetik entscheidend hinaus.
Dorothea Gotfurt, 1907–1995
(2024)
Dorothea Gotfurt kam 1935 als Exilantin nach England. Dort wurde sie zur Übersetzerin. Zwischen 1955 und 1970 veröffentlichte sie vor allem im Scherz-Verlag (Bern), aber auch bei Fischer (Frankfurt/M.), Rowohlt (Reinbek) oder Szolnay (Wien) über dreißig von ihr ins Deutsche gebrachte Romane aus der zeitgenössischen englischsprachigen Literatur.
Highlights
• Cryo-EM structures of the yeast low-affinity phosphate importer ScPho90
• Complementary structures reveal insights into the substrate translocation mechanism
• Comparisons with homologous transporters highlight the conserved transport mechanism
• Regulation by the SPX domain is discussed
Summary
Phosphate homeostasis is essential for all living organisms. Low-affinity phosphate transporters are involved in phosphate import and regulation in a range of eukaryotic organisms. We have determined the structures of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae phosphate importer Pho90 by electron cryomicroscopy in two complementary states at 2.3 and 3.1 Å resolution. The symmetrical, outward-open structure in the presence of phosphate indicates bound substrate ions in the binding pocket. In the absence of phosphate, Pho90 assumes an asymmetric structure with one monomer facing inward and one monomer facing outward, providing insights into the transport mechanism. The Pho90 transport domain binds phosphate ions on one side of the membrane, then flips to the other side where the substrate is released. Together with functional experiments, these complementary structures illustrate the transport mechanism of eukaryotic low-affinity phosphate transporters.
Im November durfte er seinen 77. Geburtstag feiern, von Ruhestand ist aber noch keine Spur. Gerade bereitet er sich in seinem Büro über der Neuen Mensa am alten Campus in Bockenheim mit großem Elan auf die nächste Seminarsitzung vor. »Die Lehre an der Universität wie an Fachhochschulen war mir nie eine Last. Ich habe versucht, die Studierenden zu motivieren oder bei Bedarf gar zu provozieren, um zu kommunizieren, weil wir alle viel mehr von gegenseitigem Austausch haben«, sagt Ludwig Salgo. Zahlreiche Studierende der Sozialen Arbeit, aus der Rechtswissenschaft, aber auch aus der Erziehungswissenschaft haben seine Veranstaltungen besucht; etliche Juristinnen und Juristen haben bei ihm promoviert, sich für die pädagogische oder juristische Laufbahn qualifiziert. Sein zentrales Thema in Forschung und Lehre: das Verhältnis Eltern-Kind-Staat. Anfang 2012 ging er in den Ruhestand, doch die Lehre blieb vorerst seine große Passion. Jetzt beendet er seine Seniorprofessur an der Goethe-Universität zum Semesterende nach zehn Jahren: »Nun ist es genug«, sagt er. In der Fortbildung für Jugendämter, Verfahrensbeistände und Juristen, auch in Stiftungen und Verbänden, hier vor allem im Kinderschutzbund in Frankfurt, möchte er weiterhin aktiv bleiben, auch um für das Thema Kindeswohl zu sensibilisieren. Dass er dann mehr Zeit für seine große Leidenschaft haben wird, freut ihn: »Ich leide an der Melomanie«, sagt der passionierte Freund klassischer Musik. »Wie Nietzsche treffenderweise einmal bemerkt hat, wäre das Leben ohne Musik ein Irrtum.«
Unter Experten in Sachen Übersetzungsgeschichte ist Johann Diederich Gries kein Unbekannter. Er zählt z. B. zu den zehn "bedeutende[n] Übersetzerpersönlichkeiten von der frühen Neuzeit bis heute", deren Leben und Werk in der Europäischen Übersetzungsgeschichte von Jörn Albrecht und Iris Plack dargestellt wird. Friedmar Apels von Gottsched und Bode bis Dedecius und Enzensberger reichende "Leseliste zur Geschichte des Übersetzens in Deutschland" umfasst 60 Übersetzer, von Gries werden dessen Calderón- und Tasso-Übersetzungen zur Lektüre empfohlen.
Im vorliegenden Beitrag geht es um die Frage, wie sich Natürlichkeit als ein zentrales Stilkonzept im 18. Jahrhundert auf die syntaktische Gestaltung von Texten ausgewirkt hat. Grundlage der empirischen Untersuchung sind neunzig Musterbriefe, die aus drei Ausgaben des Schröter'schen Briefstellers (1,1743, 7,1767, 8,1785) stammen und die im Sinne der 'neuen' Stilauffassungen überarbeitet wurden. Die Briefe zeigen unter anderem einen Rückgang in der Satzkomplexität, eine Aufwertung der Selbstreferenz und eine verstärkte Einbindung mündlichkeitsnaher Strukturen.
Four new species of the jumping spider genus Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 are described from India: Stenaelurillus feral Tripathi, Kuni & Kadam sp. nov. (♂, from the Eastern Coastline), S. naldurg Kuni, Kadam & Tripathi sp. nov. (♂♀, from the Deccan Plateau), S. judithbleisterae Kadam, Tripathi & Kuni sp. nov. (♂♀, from the Western Ghats) and S. solapur Kuni, Tripathi & Kadam sp. nov. (♂♀, from the Deccan Plateau). Detailed diagnoses, descriptions, illustrations, natural history and distribution map are provided. Additionally, new locality records for the other five species within the states are presented and mapped.
Diversity and distribution of intertidal Microporella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida) from California
(2024)
Seven species of the cheilostome bryozoan genus Microporella were identified across 15 rocky intertidal sites spanning 940 km of the California coast, from Mill Creek in the Montereyan Pacific Transition Region north to Point Saint George in the Mendocinian Region. Colonies of Microporella were found encrusting boulders and mollusc shells. Among these species, three are new to science, namely Microporella dentata Chowdhury & Di Martino sp. nov., M. pauciperforata Chowdhury & Di Martino sp. nov. and M. rota Chowdhury & Di Martino sp. nov. Three other species, M. californica, M. setiformis, and M. umbonata have previously been recorded from other localities in California. Finally, Microporella neocribroides, originally described from off Kodiak Island, Alaska, and subsequently found in Hokkaido, Japan, was recorded in California for the first time. An additional new species, M. similis Chowdhury & Di Martino sp. nov., was identified through the re-examination of museum material previously attributed to M. cribrosa and M. californica. These newly acquired data allowed for a more comprehensive examination of the distribution of species, intraspecific variability, and potential predator-induced teratologies in certain species, thanks to the availability of numerous colonies from various sites and the re-examination of museum records. Altogether, this study increases the known Recent diversity of Microporella in California’s waters to a total of 18 species.
We describe a new species of karst-dwelling pitviper from Chumphon Province of Peninsular Thailand, in the Isthmus of Kra, based on morphological and molecular data (2427 bp from cyt b, ND4 and 16S rRNA mitochondrial DNA genes). Morphologically, Trimeresurus kraensis sp. nov. is distinguished from other congeners by the following combination of morphological characters: a dark/bottle-green dorsum with reddish-brown or purple crossbands; pale green venter lacking dark dots; stripes present on the lateral sides of the ventrals; internasals generally in contact; one large supraocular scale on each side of the head; iris pale copper; tail brown with dark purplish-brown crossbars; dorsal scales in 21–21–15 rows; ventral scales 167 in a single male, 169–171 in females; subcaudal scales 62 in a single male, 52–54 in females, all paired. White vertebral spots present in males, located on approximately every two or four dorsal scales; dark brown spots forming discontinuous pattern present on 1–3 lateral dorsal scale rows; males with reddish-brown postocular stripe with jagged edges. The new species differs from the morphologically similar species Trimeresurus venustus s. str. by a notable divergence in cytochrome b mitochondrial DNA gene sequences (p = 5.9%).
In the vast abyssal plains northwest of Iceland, white glass sponges of the genus Caulophacus Schulze, 1886 were inhabited by reddish Bythocaris G.O. Sars, 1870 shrimps and pinkish amphipods. After in situ observations at 3700 m depth, in -1°C waters by a remotely operated vehicle, members of this assemblage were collected and preserved for molecular studies. Based on integrative taxonomic analyses, the amphipods were identified as a new species of the genus Halirages Boeck, 1871 – Halirages spongiae sp. nov. Lörz, Nack & Tandberg –, as described in detail below. Part of our integrative approach was to establish reference DNA barcodes for known species of Halirages. However, our investigation of material of Calliopiidae G.O. Sars, 1895 collected around Iceland and Norway revealed slight morphological discrepancies in all the described species of Halirages. Except for Halirages fulvocinctus (M. Sars, 1858), none of the encountered specimens of Calliopiidae fully matched a current species description. We illuminate the morphological characteristics of nine operational taxonomic units, which also represented clades in COI and 28S. We set the Icelandic samples in the context of Halirages from Canada and Norway. A key to the world species of Halirages is provided.
The use of integrative taxonomy has confirmed the existence of a new distinct crab species, cryptic, within the group of the former genus Liocarcinus, now Polybius, closely related to P. holsatus, P. vernalis and P. marmoreus. Previous reports have considered it to be the Atlantic form of P. vernalis, or as a species “affinis” or “comparable to” P. holsatus. Diagnostic morphological characters are presented for identification and the morphological variability in these species, mainly within P. vernalis (the most related) is analysed. Furthermore, based on molecular and other previous data, a new combination (genus change) is proposed. This new species, Polybius dioscurus sp. nov., lives on infralittoral sandy bottoms, coexisting with the other species mentioned, in the temperate and subtropical zone of the North Atlantic Ocean, including the Alboran Sea (westernmost Mediterranean).
Angel sharks (Squatina spp. Duméril, 1805) are a group of coastal benthic sharks distributed worldwide, currently including threatened and understudied species. Two species are formally described along the East Pacific coast, the California angel shark S. californica Ayres, 1859 and the Chilean angel shark S. armata (Philippi, 1887). The latter species occurs in the southeastern Pacific and has historically been understudied. Additionally, the original description of S. armata lacks sufficient data to confidently identify individuals of this species compared to modern descriptions, and no type specimen is currently available to ensure specimen identification. Detailed morphological descriptions for identifying species are an essential resource for solving taxonomic issues in groups of morphologically similar species and to promote the conservation of critically endangered species. Therefore, a neotype from the type locality is here designated for S. armata, and a detailed and standardized morphological characterization based on modern taxonomic works is provided. This work contributes in improving the knowledge on the Chilean angel shark taxonomy and provides an improved frame of reference for identifying angel sharks in the East Pacific, especially in areas where species may occur in sympatry.
Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 is a Neotropical genus of field crickets that inhabits the leaf litter of the Amazon rainforest. The genus has six species and is characterized by the distinct ‘zebra’ pattern displayed by some of them. The species are recorded in French Guiana, Peru, and Colombia. Here, we describe two new species of the genus from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest, the first record of the genus for Brazil. We expand the records of Z. guianensis Desutter-Grandcolas, 2014 and Z. nouragui Desutter-Grandcolas, 2014 to Brazil. We also describe but do not name two females corresponding to two new species, provide an up-to-date key for species of Zebragryllus, and discuss the potential distribution for the genus.