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In meinem Beitrag stelle ich einige Besonderheiten und Probleme des Konzepts einer "ethnografischen Polizeiforschung" dar. Empirische Referenz ist eine ethnografische Untersuchung mehrerer Hessischer Polizeidienststellen im Jahr 1995. Die "teilnehmende Beobachtung des Gewaltmonopols" ist zwar nicht neu, nach wie vor aber in mehrfacher Hinsicht spannend, weil es sich um den Blick auf ein exklusives Gewaltverhältnis handelt, das zwar durch individuelle Akteure vollzogen wird, das aber strukturell auf die Kontextabhängigkeit der Handlung verweist: Gewalt ist nicht gleich Gewalt, die Staatsgewalt ist eine andere als der "Widerstand" gegen dieselbe. Diese Spannung, so die Ausgangsthese, findet sich auch in den Texten und Handlungen wieder, die von Polizisten tagtäglich habituell gestaltet werden. Die ethnografische Untersuchung der Polizei bezieht sich hauptsächlich auf Erzählungen von Polizisten und der Beobachtung ihres Alltags. Beschrieben wird, dass, im Gegensatz zu den offiziellen Bildern der Polizei (d.h. zur Polizeikultur), die sog. Handlungsmuster der Polizisten "auf der Straße" (diese nenne ich Polizistenkultur) sich im wesentlichen an einem informell tradierten Alltagspragmatismus orientieren, der häufig gekoppelt ist mit einer expressiven Bewerkstelligung von Männlichkeit.
Trabalho e consciência : mudanças na sociedade do trabalho e a reconstrução da teoria de classe
(2002)
Este artigo busca discutir as possibilidades e limitações de se utilizar para a análise das sociedades industriais modernas o conceito de classe advindo das determinações econômicas do marxismo. Com a aumento da complexidade destas sociedades e de suas formas de produzir, com a predominância de novos setores como o de serviços no processo de reprodução do capital, como dar conta e criar um conceito que integre todos os excluídos e incluídos no sistema capitalista de trabalho e que dê conta das novas possibilidades de constituição de uma consciência política comum. Tendo por referência a discussão alemã contemporânea sobre a questão, busca–se entender que as tendências da reorganização sistêmica da produção em empresas modernas, provocam, na sua forma inovadora, uma mudança no status do trabalhador na fábrica e na sua consciência tradicional.
Germany’s educational system has undergone a series of transformations during the last 40 years. In recent years, marked increases in enrolment have occurred. In response, admission requirements have been relaxed and new universities have been established. Academic distance education in the former Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) was ushered in by the educational radio broadcasts around the end of the 1960s. Aside from the formation of the FernUniversität (Open University) in West Germany in 1975, there were significant developments in distance education occurring at the major universities in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). After German reunification in 1990, the new unitary state launched programs to advance the development of distance education programs at conventional universities. Germany’s campus-based universities (Präsenzuniversitäten) created various entities, including central units and consortia of universities to design and market distance education programs. Hybridisation provides the necessary prerequisites for dual mode delivery, such as basic and continuing education programs, as well as for the combination of distance and campus-based education (Präsenzstudium). Hybridisation also has also opened the door for the creation of new programs. Following an initial phase in which distance education research is expected to centralize a trend towards decentralisation is likely to follow. The German Association for Distance Education (AG-F) offers a viable research network in distance education. Two dual mode case studies are also be surveyed: The Master of Arts degree, offered by the University of Koblenz-Landau, with Library Science as the second major, and the University of Kaiserslautern, where basic education will continue to be captured within the domain of the Präsenzstudium or campus-based education. The area in which distance education is flourishing most is within the field of academic continuing education, where external experts and authors are broadening the horizon of the campus. Multimedia networks will comprise the third generation of distance education.
Für viele Drogenprostituierte ist »die Szene« nicht nur Drogenmarkt, Arbeitsmarkt und Stätte des Konsums, sondern Lebensraum überhaupt, ein Lebensraum, in dem es allerdings mehr ums Überleben als ums Miteinanderleben geht. Wie Junkies, die Geld mit Prostitution verdienen, ihr Gewerbe betreiben, hat die Forschergruppe mit ihren 26 Interviews im Frankfurter Bahnhofsviertel ebenso beleuchtet wie Lebenswege, Perspektiven und Lebensträume der drogenabhängigen Prostituierten.