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Possible hadronization of supercooled QGP, created in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and SPS, is discussed within a Bjorken hydrodynamic model. Such a hadronization is expected to be a very fast shock-like process, what, if hadronization coincides or shortly followed by freeze out, could explain a part of the HBT puzzle, i.e., the flash-like particle emission (Rout/Rside≈1). HBT data also show that the expansion time before freeze out is very short (∼6–10 fm/c). In this Letter we discuss the question of supercooled QGP and the timescale of the reaction.
Production of J/ψ mesons in heavy ion collisions is considered within the statistical coalescence model. The model is in agreement with the experimental data of the NA50 Collaboration for Pb+Pb collisions at 158 AGeV in a wide centrality range, including the so-called “anomalous” suppression domain. The model description of the J/ψ data requires, however, strong enhancement of the open charm production in central Pb+Pb collisions. This model prediction may be checked in the future SPS runs.
The measured particle ratios in central heavy-ion collisions at RHIC-BNL are investigated within a chemical and thermal equilibrium chiral SU(3) σ–ω approach. The commonly adopted noninteracting gas calculations yield temperatures close to or above the critical temperature for the chiral phase transition, but without taking into account any interactions. Contrary, the chiral SU(3) model predicts temperature and density dependent effective hadron masses and effective chemical potentials in the medium and a transition to a chirally restored phase at high temperatures or chemical potentials. Three different parametrizations of the model, which show different types of phase transition behaviour, are investigated. We show that if a chiral phase transition occured in those collisions, “freezing” of the relative hadron abundances in the symmetric phase is excluded by the data. Therefore, either very rapid chemical equilibration must occur in the broken phase, or the measured hadron ratios are the outcome of the dynamical symmetry breaking. Furthermore, the extracted chemical freeze-out parameters differ considerably from those obtained in simple noninteracting gas calculations. In particular, the three models yield up to 35 MeV lower temperatures than the free gas approximation. The in-medium masses turn out to differ up to 150 MeV from their vacuum values.
The transverse mass spectra of J/ψ and ψ′ mesons and Ω hyperons produced in central Au+Au collisions at RHIC energies are discussed within a statistical model used successfully for the interpretation of the SPS results. The comparison of the presented model with the future RHIC data should serve as a further crucial test of the hypothesis of statistical production of charmonia at hadronization. Finally, in case of validity, the approach should allow to estimate the mean transverse flow velocity at the quark–gluon plasma hadronization.
A novel method for identifying the nature of QCD transitions in heavy-ion collision experiments is introduced. PointNet based Deep Learning (DL) models are developed to classify the equation of state (EoS) that drives the hydrodynamic evolution of the system created in Au-Au collisions at 10 AGeV. The DL models were trained and evaluated in different hypothetical experimental situations. A decreased performance is observed when more realistic experimental effects (acceptance cuts and decreased resolutions) are taken into account. It is shown that the performance can be improved by combining multiple events to make predictions. The PointNet based models trained on the reconstructed tracks of charged particles from the CBM detector simulation discriminate a crossover transition from a first order phase transition with an accuracy of up to 99.8%. The models were subjected to several tests to evaluate the dependence of its performance on the centrality of the collisions and physical parameters of fluid dynamic simulations. The models are shown to work in a broad range of centralities (b=0–7 fm). However, the performance is found to improve for central collisions (b=0–3 fm). There is a drop in the performance when the model parameters lead to reduced duration of the fluid dynamic evolution or when less fraction of the medium undergoes the transition. These effects are due to the limitations of the underlying physics and the DL models are shown to be superior in its discrimination performance in comparison to conventional mean observables.
Recent progress in the understanding of the high density phase of neutron stars advances the view that a substantial fraction of the matter consists of hyperons. The possible impacts of a highly attractive interaction between hyperons on the properties of compact stars are investigated. We find that a hadronic equation of state with hyperons allows for a first order phase transition to hyperonic matter. The corresponding hyperon stars can have rather small radii of R ~ 8 km. PACS: 26.60+c, 21.65+f, 97.60.Gb, 97.60.Jd
The space-time dynamics and pion-HBT radii in central heavy ion-collisions at CERN-SPS and BNL-RHIC are investigated within a hydrodynamic simulation. The dependence of the dynamics and the HBT-parameters on the EoS is studied with different parametrizations of a chiral SU(3) sigma omega model. The selfconsistent collective expansion includes the e ects of e ective hadron masses, generated by the nonstrange and strange scalar condensates. Different chiral EoS show di erent types of phase transitions and even a crossover. The influence of the order of the phase transition and of the latent heat on the space-time dynamics and pion-HBT radii is studied. A small latent heat, i.e. a weak first-order chiral phase transition, or a smooth crossover lead to distinctly di erent HBT predictions than a strong first order phase transition. A quantitative description of the data, both at SPS energies as well as at RHIC energies, appears di cult to achieve within the ideal hydrodynamic approach using the SU(3) chiral EoS. A strong first-order quasi-adiabatic chiral phase transition seems to be disfavored by the pion-HBT data from CERN-SPS and BNL-RHIC.
We derive the quantum kinetic equation for a pure gluon plasma, applying the background field and closed-time-path method. The derivation is more general and transparent than earlier works. A term in the equation is found which, as in the classical case, corresponds to the color charge precession for partons moving in the gauge field. PACS numbers: 12.38.Mh, 25.75.-q, 24.85.+p, 11.15.Kc
We address the production of black holes at LHC in space times with compactified space-like large extra dimensions (LXD). Final state black hole production leads to suppression of high-PT jets, i.e. a sharp cut-o in (pp!jet+X). This signal is compared to the jet plus missing energy signature due to graviton production in the final state as proposed by the ATLAS collaboration. Time evolution and lifetimes of the newly created black holes are calculated based on the micro- canonical formalism. It is demonstrated that previous lifetime estimates of micro black holes have been dramatically underestimated. The creation of a large number of quasi-stable black holes is predicted with life times of hundred fm/c at LHC. Medium modifications of the black holes evaporation rate due to the quark gluon plasma in relativistic heavy ion collisions as well as provided by the cosmic fluid in the early universe are studied