Refine
Year of publication
- 2009 (858) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (360)
- Book (117)
- Doctoral Thesis (116)
- Part of Periodical (89)
- Working Paper (80)
- Conference Proceeding (28)
- Report (21)
- Part of a Book (15)
- Preprint (11)
- Review (10)
Language
- English (858) (remove)
Keywords
- Deutschland (6)
- Haushalt (6)
- Lambda-Kalkül (6)
- Pragmatik (6)
- USA (6)
- new species (6)
- Bank (5)
- Optimalitätstheorie (5)
- China (4)
- Household Finance (4)
- Phonetik (4)
- Wirkstoff-Rezeptor-Bindung (4)
- Buffer Stock Saving (3)
- Epirrita autumnata (3)
- Europa (3)
- Europäische Union (3)
- Festuco-Brometea (3)
- Finland (3)
- Fiscal Stimulus (3)
- Fiskalpolitik (3)
- Geldpolitik (3)
- Germany (3)
- Informationsstruktur (3)
- Koelerio-Corynephoretea (3)
- Kreditgewährung (3)
- Lepidoptera (3)
- Licht-Sammel-Komplex (3)
- Ligand <Biochemie> (3)
- Liquidity (3)
- Membranproteine (3)
- Monetary Policy (3)
- Nebenläufigkeit (3)
- North America (3)
- Risikokapital (3)
- Semantik (3)
- Sinotibetische Sprachen (3)
- Spieltheorie (3)
- Stockholding (3)
- Theoretische Physik (3)
- Tibetobirmanische Sprachen (3)
- Währungsunion (3)
- conservation (3)
- fMRI (3)
- reactive oxygen species (3)
- taxonomy (3)
- Agency-Theorie (2)
- Algebraische Geometrie (2)
- Algorithmus (2)
- Anleihe (2)
- Aphodiinae (2)
- Baltoslawische Sprachen (2)
- Banks (2)
- Belize (2)
- Biochemie (2)
- Biodiversität (2)
- Central Europe (2)
- Chirale Symmetrie (2)
- Contagion (2)
- Crowding-out (2)
- Crystallography (2)
- Deflation (2)
- Deutsch (2)
- Englisch (2)
- Eupariini (2)
- Event Study (2)
- Evolutionstheorie (2)
- FT-IR-Spektroskopie (2)
- Financial Crisis (2)
- Fiscal Multiplier (2)
- Formale Semantik (2)
- Funktionale Programmiersprache (2)
- Gestaltwahrnehmung (2)
- Government Spending (2)
- Hepatotoxicity (2)
- Inflation (2)
- Investition (2)
- Japan (2)
- Keynessche Theorie (2)
- Konversation (2)
- Leasing (2)
- Linguistik (2)
- Literatur (2)
- Macroeconomic Modelling (2)
- Mitgliedsstaaten (2)
- Molekulardesign (2)
- Molekulardynamik (2)
- Multicomponent Tree Adjoining Grammar (2)
- Multivariate Probit (2)
- New Keynesian Model (2)
- Nungisch (2)
- Operationale Semantik (2)
- Photosynthese (2)
- Podospora anserina (2)
- Portfolio Choice (2)
- Postulat (2)
- Precautionary Saving (2)
- Procyclicality (2)
- Programmiersprache (2)
- Pufferspeicher (2)
- Quark-Gluon-Plasma (2)
- Reiseliteratur (2)
- Relativistische Hydrodynamik (2)
- Risikoverteilung (2)
- Risk (2)
- Schuldverschreibung (2)
- Schwerionenstoß (2)
- Sehrinde (2)
- Simulated Maximum Likelihood (2)
- Slawische Sprachen (2)
- Syntaktische Analyse (2)
- Syntax (2)
- Südostasien (2)
- Thailand (2)
- Tropische Geometrie (2)
- Uncertainty (2)
- Value at Risk (2)
- Verbraucherschutz (2)
- Virtual Screening (2)
- Yarrowia lipolytica (2)
- abandonment (2)
- aging (2)
- apoptosis (2)
- asymmetric information (2)
- credit risk (2)
- distribution (2)
- financial constraints (2)
- genitalia (2)
- ideology (2)
- international relations (2)
- introduced species (2)
- labor income (2)
- new record (2)
- phytosociology (2)
- recursive utility (2)
- relativistic hydrodynamics (2)
- risk transfer (2)
- self-organization (2)
- semantics (2)
- spiders (2)
- syntaxonomy (2)
- systematic risk (2)
- virtual screening (2)
- Öffentliche Ausgaben (2)
- 1968 (1)
- 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol (1)
- 300-800 (1)
- ADAM10 (1)
- ADC (1)
- AIDS (1)
- ATR-Spektroskopie (1)
- Abfindungsspekulation (1)
- Abnormal Returns (1)
- Ackerbau (1)
- Adam (1)
- Adenin (1)
- Adorno (1)
- Affirmative action (1)
- Agroeca gaunitzi (1)
- Agrostion vinealis (1)
- Aktienanlage (1)
- Aktienkurs (1)
- Aktienmarkt (1)
- Aktienrecht (1)
- Algebraisch Diagrammatische Konstrution (1)
- Altes Testament (1)
- Alzheimer's disease (1)
- Ameisen (1)
- Ameisenpflanzen (1)
- American Empire (1)
- Amerikanistik (1)
- Aminosäuremetabolismus (1)
- Aminosäuren (1)
- Angebot (1)
- Angeregter Zustand (1)
- Annelids (1)
- Araneae (1)
- Araneomorphae (1)
- Arbeitsgruppe Trockenrasen (1)
- Arbeitslosigkeit (1)
- Archäobotanik (1)
- Argentinien (1)
- Argynnis (1)
- Arten-Umwelt-Beziehung (1)
- Artikulation (1)
- Asian American Literature (1)
- Asset Allocation (1)
- Asset Location (1)
- Assimilation <Phonetik> (1)
- Asynchronous Trading (1)
- Atlas of Odonata of Europe (1)
- Auferstehung (1)
- Ausschluss (1)
- Autistic disorder (1)
- Autopoiesis (1)
- Autorrespeito (1)
- Ayurvedic herbal products (1)
- Ação afirmativa (1)
- BEDT-TTF (1)
- Bankbilanz (1)
- Bayes-Lernen (1)
- Beam dynamics (1)
- Beau Sia (1)
- Beliaev Dämpfung (1)
- Beliaev damping (1)
- Berlese apparatus (1)
- Bertolt Brecht (1)
- Beschneidung (1)
- BetP (1)
- Betain (1)
- Biacore (1)
- Bibliographie (1)
- Bibliothek (1)
- Biglycan (1)
- Bilanz (1)
- Bilanzpolitik (1)
- BioFrankfurt (1)
- Biochemistry (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
- Biophysik (1)
- Biopolymere (1)
- Biotechnologische Industrie (1)
- Black holes (1)
- Blakiston’s Fish Owl (1)
- Bleikern (1)
- Blocking (1)
- Boltzmann-Gleichung (1)
- Book of lamentations ; Western Semitic languages ; Dead Sea ; Ugaritic language (1)
- Borneo (1)
- Brain tumor (1)
- British Rule in Palestine (1)
- Bryophyta (1)
- Buchführung (1)
- Buckingham’s π-theorem (1)
- Budgetierung (1)
- Bund (1)
- Börse (1)
- Börsenhändler (1)
- Börsenkurs (1)
- CERN (1)
- CERN SPS (1)
- CJT formalism (1)
- CJT-Formalismus (1)
- CVaR (1)
- CXCL16 (1)
- Campylopus brevirameus Dixon (1)
- Carabidae (1)
- Caspase-8 (1)
- Cation coupled symporters (1)
- Causality assessment. (1)
- Cayo (1)
- Central America (1)
- Cerambycidae (1)
- Chabad (1)
- Chassidismus (1)
- Checkliste (1)
- Chemische Analyse (1)
- Chemische Verschiebung (1)
- Child Care (1)
- Children (1)
- Chile (1)
- Chinese Communist Party (1)
- Chinesisch (1)
- Chiral Symmetry (1)
- Chlor (1)
- Chlorophyll (1)
- Christian (1)
- Christianisierung (1)
- Chromodomains (1)
- Cicer arietinum (1)
- Citizenship (1)
- Climate Change (1)
- Coccoidea (1)
- Coelotrachelus ixtapalapaensis (1)
- Cointegration (1)
- Coleoptera (1)
- Colombia (1)
- Common Factor Models (1)
- Common Factor Weights (1)
- Complex Systems (1)
- Compound Database (1)
- Computational chemistry (1)
- Computersimulation (1)
- Computerspiel (1)
- Condensing (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Consumption (1)
- Consumption/Saving Forecast (1)
- Copy number variation (1)
- Coreference annotation (1)
- Corporate Governance (1)
- Correlations (1)
- Cotton Genesis (1)
- Covariance Estimation (1)
- Covenant of circumcision (1)
- Creation (1)
- Credit Crunch (1)
- Credit Default Swaps (1)
- Credit Rating Reasons (1)
- Credit Ratings (1)
- Critical Theory (1)
- Critical theory (1)
- Currency Board (1)
- Cyclopenten (1)
- DEER (1)
- DFWM (1)
- DNA Translocation (1)
- DNS (1)
- DNS-Synthese (1)
- DNS-abhängige-DNS-Polymerasen (1)
- DSGE Models (1)
- Daphnia (1)
- David <Israel, König> (1)
- David Hare (1)
- David Henry / Monsieur Butterfly (1)
- Decorin (1)
- Deletion (1)
- Deutsche Bundesbank (1)
- Diadinoxanthin (1)
- Diagnostics (1)
- Dielectric Boundaries (1)
- Dietary supplements (1)
- Difference (1)
- Differenz (1)
- Dileptonen (1)
- Dileptons (1)
- Dimensionsreduktion (1)
- Dipeptide (1)
- Directors’ remuneration (1)
- Direktinvestition (1)
- Disaggregated Prices (1)
- Discount Broker (1)
- Discretionary Fiscal Policy (1)
- Diskrete Geometrie (1)
- Diskursanalyse (1)
- Distinktives Merkmal (1)
- Dnieper Valley (1)
- Docking (1)
- Domatien (1)
- Down's syndrome (1)
- Dreidimensionale geometrische Modellierung (1)
- Drought (1)
- Druckwerk (1)
- Drugs (1)
- Dynamic transport (1)
- Dynamik (1)
- Dysderidae (1)
- Dytiscidae (1)
- Dünne Schicht (1)
- EEG (1)
- EFP1 (1)
- EGFR vIII (1)
- ER stress (1)
- ESIPT (1)
- Eastern Europe (1)
- Economies of scale (1)
- Ectatosticta (1)
- Ecuador (1)
- Education (1)
- Edward W. / Orientalism (1)
- Einbettung <Mathematik> (1)
- Eisen-Schwefel-Zentrum N1a (1)
- Electronic Commerce (1)
- Elektronenmikroskopie (1)
- Elektronenspinresonanz (1)
- Elektronenspinresonanzspektroskopie (1)
- Elektrostatik (1)
- Elementarteilchenphysik (1)
- Emerging Markets (1)
- Emotionales Verhalten (1)
- Empirical Contract Theory (1)
- Endotheliale Vorläuferzellen (1)
- Energie-Modell (1)
- Englische Literatur (1)
- Ensemble Inequivalance (1)
- Entscheidungsprozess (1)
- Epidermal growth factor receptor (1)
- Epitheca bimaculata (1)
- Equation of state (1)
- Erlebnisbericht (1)
- Erotylidae (1)
- Erotylinae (1)
- Erythromma lindenii (1)
- Ethnicity (1)
- Ethnizität (1)
- Etymologie (1)
- Eupteryx decemnotata (1)
- Euro Area Regional and Sectoral Inflation (1)
- European Central Bank (1)
- European Dry Grassland Group (1)
- European regulation (1)
- Europäische Zentralbank (1)
- Euthanasie (1)
- Eva (1)
- Evolution (1)
- Exemplarmodelle (1)
- Exit Rights (1)
- Extra dimensions (1)
- FCP (Fucoxanthin-Chlorophyll bindende Proteine) (1)
- FCP (Fucoxanthin-Chlorophyll binding Protein) (1)
- FK506 binding protein (1)
- FT-IR-Spectroscopy (1)
- FT-Raman-Spektroskopie (1)
- FUL-Modell (1)
- Factor Model (1)
- Factor Models (1)
- Factor Structure (1)
- Fair value accounting (1)
- Fair-Value-Bewertung (1)
- Faunistics (1)
- Female Labor Force Participation (1)
- Femtosekundenspektroskopie (1)
- Fertility (1)
- Fertilität (1)
- Festkörperphysik (1)
- Festkörperunterstützte Membranen (1)
- Festucetum polesicae (1)
- Fibrosis (1)
- Film (1)
- Financial Advice (1)
- Financial Institutions (1)
- Financial Regulation (1)
- Financial crisis (1)
- Financial institutions (1)
- Finanzierung (1)
- Finanzkrise (1)
- Finanzlage (1)
- Finanzplanung (1)
- Firm-specific News (1)
- First Russian Revolution (1)
- Fiscal Policy (1)
- Flaneur <Motiv> (1)
- Flash Memories (1)
- Fluctuation (1)
- Fluctuations (1)
- Fluktuation <Physik> (1)
- Fluoreszenz (1)
- Foreign Assets (1)
- Foreign Exchange Reserves (1)
- Frauenemanzipation (1)
- Frauenerwerbstätigkeit (1)
- Fraßschaden (1)
- Freie Elektrophorese (1)
- Fromm (1)
- Frühgeborenes (1)
- Functional Renormalization Group (1)
- Funktionale Renormierungsgruppe (1)
- Futures Markets (1)
- GMM (1)
- GPCR (1)
- Galietalia veri (1)
- Ganges-Flusssystem (1)
- Gasphase (1)
- Gaussian Process (1)
- Gaussian processes (1)
- Gauß Prozesse (1)
- Gegenwart (1)
- Geldtheorie (1)
- Gemischte Volumen (1)
- Gender (1)
- General (1)
- Genesis (1)
- Genetischer Fingerabdruck (1)
- Genregulation (1)
- Gentherapie (1)
- Gentransfer (1)
- Geometridae (1)
- German (1)
- Germanistik (1)
- Geschichte (1)
- Geschichte 1800-1900 (1)
- Geschichte 1970-1989 (1)
- Geschichte 1980-2007 (1)
- Geschichte 1996-2006 (1)
- Geschichte 2002 (1)
- Geschichte 2002-2005 (1)
- Geschlechterforschung (1)
- Geselligkeit (1)
- Gesetz der erforderlichen Varietät (1)
- Gestaenge (1)
- Gewässerökologie (1)
- Ghana (1)
- Gordonius rhinocerillus (1)
- Government Spending Multipliers (1)
- Grammatikalisation (1)
- Graphentheorie (1)
- Greek (1)
- Group dynamics (1)
- Gruppendynamiken (1)
- H/D Austausch (1)
- HBT correlation (1)
- HBV (1)
- HCV (1)
- HIV (1)
- HRGXE-Motiv (1)
- Hadron (1)
- Halbleiterreinigung (1)
- Handschrift (1)
- Hanif Kureishi (1)
- Haroldiataenius (1)
- Haskell 98 (1)
- Hauptkomponentenanalyse (1)
- Heavy Ion Collisions (1)
- Herder, Johann Gottfried von (1)
- Heym, Stefan / Der König David Bericht (1)
- High-frequency Data (1)
- Higher Moments (1)
- Hofmeister Effekten (1)
- Hofmeister effects (1)
- Hold-up (1)
- Holozän (1)
- Homologiemodellierung (1)
- Hongkong (1)
- Horkheimer (1)
- HsfA2 (1)
- Hsp17-CII (1)
- Hu Jintao (1)
- Humanität <Motiv> (1)
- Hwang (1)
- Hydrodynamik (1)
- Hypochilidae (1)
- Hysterese (1)
- IGF-1R (1)
- IN-VIVO (1)
- IR/fsMPI (1)
- IT standardization (1)
- Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der Menschheit <Werk> (1)
- Identical Topology (1)
- Identity (1)
- Identität (1)
- Illokutiver Akt (1)
- Immaterieller Anlagewert (1)
- Immunchemie (1)
- Immunität <Medizin> (1)
- Immunkomplex (1)
- Immunologie (1)
- Immunsystem (1)
- Impfraten (1)
- Impulse Response Function (1)
- Indien (1)
- Indonesia (1)
- Industrie-Cluster (1)
- Inflammation (1)
- Information (1)
- Information Shares (1)
- Informationspolitik (1)
- Informationstechnik (1)
- Inhibitor Binding Pocket (1)
- Inhibitorbindetasche (1)
- Innate immunity (1)
- Innovation (1)
- Institution und Technologie (1)
- Intensionale Logik (1)
- Interkulturalität (1)
- Internationaler Kreditmarkt (1)
- Intrinsic Disorder (1)
- Invertebrates (1)
- Investmentfonds (1)
- Investor Sentiment (1)
- Irische Frage <Motiv> (1)
- Irland <Motiv> (1)
- Iron Age (1)
- Islam (1)
- Islamic pluralism (1)
- Jet-Medium-Wechselwirkungen (1)
- Jiddisch (1)
- Jiddistik (1)
- John Willett (1)
- Jumps (1)
- Jüdische Geschichte in Frankfurt am Main ; Judengasse (1)
- Jüdischer Ritus (1)
- Kant, Immanuel (1)
- Kaon (1)
- Kapitalstruktur (1)
- Kassamarkt (1)
- Keltische Sprachen (1)
- Kerala State (1)
- Kern-Kern-Streuung (1)
- Kern-Kern-Stößen (1)
- Kernphysik (1)
- Ketupa blakistoni (1)
- Kieselalgen (1)
- Kinderbetreuung (1)
- Kindheit (1)
- Klagelieder Jeremias ; Talmud ; Tote Meer ; Ugaritisch (1)
- Klimawandel (1)
- Ko-Evolution (1)
- Kognitive Linguistik (1)
- Kollektivintelligenz (1)
- Konjugation (1)
- Konkurrent (1)
- Konnektionismus (1)
- Kontextuelle Gleichheit (1)
- Kontrastive Pragmatik (1)
- Korpusstudie (1)
- Korrelation (1)
- Kostenplanung (1)
- Kovarianzanalyse (1)
- Kraftmikroskopie (1)
- Kramer (1)
- Kreditgeber (1)
- Kreditmarkt (1)
- Kreditwesen (1)
- Kreditwürdigkeitsprüfung (1)
- Kristallografie (1)
- Kristallographie (1)
- Kursanomalie (1)
- Kursbeeinflussung (1)
- Kushner (1)
- Kutner, Luis (1)
- Kybernetik (1)
- Körper <Motiv> (1)
- L1 cell-adhesion molecule (L1-CAM) (1)
- LFG (1)
- LHC (1)
- LOCKED NUCLEIC-ACID (1)
- Ladungstransfer (1)
- Larry (Schriftsteller) (1)
- Laryngal (1)
- Las Cuevas Research Station (1)
- Lautwandel (1)
- Lead Structure (1)
- Lee Hall (1)
- Lehnwort (1)
- Lehrdichtung (1)
- Leistungsbewertung (1)
- Leistungsbilanz (1)
- Lentivirale Vektoren (1)
- Lentiviren (1)
- Leukozyt (1)
- Lexikologie (1)
- Lifeworld (1)
- Ligand (1)
- Light-Harvesting Complex (1)
- Ligurian leafhopper (1)
- Limit Order (1)
- Limit Order Book (1)
- Linkage (1)
- Linkages (1)
- Linyphiidae (1)
- Liquidity Risk (1)
- Liquidität (1)
- Lithographie <Halbleitertechnologie> (1)
- Lophoplusia (1)
- Low birth weight infant (1)
- Lumican (1)
- Lymphozyt (1)
- Lysosomal storage disease (1)
- Lysosomale Speicherkrankheit (1)
- L´evy framework (1)
- MAMMALIAN-CELLS (1)
- MCTAG (1)
- MODIFIED OLIGONUCLEOTIDES (1)
- Macedonian (1)
- Mach cone (1)
- Machkegel (1)
- Macroeconomic Fundamentals (1)
- Macroeconomic Modeling (1)
- Magnetische Kernresonanz (1)
- Makroinvertebraten (1)
- Makromolekül (1)
- Malaiisch (1)
- Malaysia (1)
- Managing Innovations (1)
- Manipulation (1)
- Marcuse (1)
- Margaret Cho (1)
- Mark-to-Market (1)
- Mark-to-Market Accounting (1)
- Markov chain imbedding technique (1)
- Markov-Kette (1)
- Maschinelles Lernen (1)
- Mauritius (1)
- Medizinstudenten (1)
- Megalographa (1)
- Mehrheitsaktionär (1)
- Membraneproteins (1)
- Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation (1)
- Methionine (1)
- Methode (1)
- Metz (1)
- Mexico (1)
- Meysenbug, Malwida von (1)
- Meysenbug, Malwida von: Eine Reise nach Ostende (1)
- Microglia (1)
- Microstructure (1)
- Middle Eastern biodiversity (1)
- Minderheitsaktionär (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- Mixed Volumes (1)
- Modalpartikel (1)
- Model Comparison (1)
- Model Risk (1)
- Model Uncertainty (1)
- Modellvergleich (1)
- Molecular imaging (1)
- Molekularbiologie (1)
- Molekülcluster (1)
- Molekülstruktur (1)
- Molinio-Arrhenatheretea (1)
- Monetary Models (1)
- Monetary Policy Rules (1)
- Monetary Targeting (1)
- Money (1)
- Monin-Obukhov scaling (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Monographie (1)
- Monoklonaler Antikörper (1)
- Monozyt (1)
- Monte-Carlo-Simulation (1)
- Morphem (1)
- Multiple Kernel (1)
- Multiplizität (1)
- Multiproteinkomplex (1)
- Mundo da vida (1)
- Mutagenese (1)
- Mutation (1)
- Mutualismus (1)
- Myanmar (1)
- Myrmekophytie (1)
- Mögliche-Welten-Semantik (1)
- NADH-Dehydrogenase <Ubichinon> (1)
- NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (1)
- NADPH oxidase (1)
- NMR (1)
- NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- NMR-spectroscopy (1)
- Nachfrage (1)
- National Park of Gran Sasso (1)
- Natur (1)
- Neotropis (1)
- Nepal (1)
- Nepomnyashchy theorem (1)
- Net Foreign Assets (1)
- Neuer Markt (1)
- Neuer Markt <Börse> (1)
- Neues Produkt (1)
- Neugeborenes (1)
- Neurotransmitter-Rezeptor (1)
- Neutron Star (1)
- Neutronenstern (1)
- New Economy (1)
- New genus (1)
- New-Keynesian Model (1)
- New-Keynesian Models (1)
- News Sentiment (1)
- Nichtdeterminismus (1)
- Niederländisch (1)
- Nitroxylradikal (1)
- Nominalisierung (1)
- Normalkoordinatenanalyse (1)
- Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (1)
- Nutzen (1)
- Nutzenmaximierung (1)
- O(2) Modell (1)
- O(2) model (1)
- O-methyltransferase (1)
- OmpF (1)
- OmpG (1)
- Online Algorithms (1)
- Operophtera brumata (1)
- Organisationsentwicklung (1)
- Organisationsgestaltung (1)
- Organisationshandeln (1)
- Organisationswandel (1)
- Ortspezifische Mutagenese (1)
- Osmosensor (1)
- Ottoman Period (1)
- Oxa1/YidC/Alb3 Membrane Insertases (1)
- Oxidative stress (1)
- Oxidativer Stress (1)
- Ozon (1)
- PASSENGER-STRAND (1)
- PCFG (1)
- PDI (1)
- PELDOR (1)
- PET (1)
- PINK1 (1)
- Paging Algorithms (1)
- Pairwise Sequence Alignment (1)
- Par-4 (1)
- Parataenius (1)
- Parkin (1)
- Parkinson’s disease (1)
- Patientenverfügung (1)
- Peninsular India (1)
- Perception (1)
- Permanent Income Hypothesis (1)
- Permeasen (1)
- Permutation (1)
- Perspektivierung (1)
- Persönlichkeitsfaktor (1)
- Pfadintegral (1)
- Pflanzenameisen (1)
- Pflanzenhormon (1)
- Pflanzenphysiologie (1)
- Pflanzenstress (1)
- Phase transition (1)
- Phasenumwandlung (1)
- Phonetics (1)
- Phonologie (1)
- Phonology (1)
- Photoresist (1)
- Photosynthesis (1)
- Photosynthetisches Reaktionszentrum (1)
- Photosystem I (1)
- Physik (1)
- Physiologische Psychologie (1)
- Pion (1)
- Plants (1)
- Planungsrechnung (1)
- Plastic bottles (1)
- Plastic packaging (1)
- Platycorypha nigrivirga (1)
- Podillya (1)
- Poisson-Gleichung (1)
- Poland (1)
- Polarkoordinaten (1)
- Policy Rules (1)
- Policy Under Uncertainty (1)
- Polissya (1)
- Pollenanalyse (1)
- Polnisch (1)
- Polyedrische Kombinatorik (1)
- Polyelektrolyt (1)
- Polyethylene terephthalate (1)
- Polymere (1)
- Polymorphs (1)
- Populationsdynamiken (1)
- Porin (1)
- Portfolio Selection (1)
- Portfoliomanagement (1)
- Potamopyrgus antipodarum (1)
- Prandtl-Obukhov-Priestley scaling (1)
- Prediction (1)
- Preisbildung (1)
- Preisänderung (1)
- Preseniline (1)
- Present (1)
- Pressemitteilungen (1)
- Price Impact (1)
- Price Stability (1)
- Priming-Experimente (1)
- Projektionen (1)
- Protein Domains (1)
- Protein Folding (1)
- Protein Motifs (1)
- Protein Targeting (1)
- Protein Translocation (1)
- Protein-Lipid Wechselwirkung (1)
- Protein-Protein Interactions (1)
- Proteine (1)
- Proteinregulation (1)
- Präsupposition (1)
- Pseudataenius (1)
- Pseudorotation (1)
- Pseudotypisierung (1)
- Pyrrolidin (1)
- QCAZ Museum (1)
- Quantenchemie (1)
- Quantification (1)
- Quantitative Easing (1)
- Quantity Theory (1)
- Quark <Physik> (1)
- Quark deconfinement (1)
- Quarkconfinement (1)
- R&D Collaboration (1)
- REITs (1)
- RNA (1)
- RNS (1)
- Rabbi Nachman of Breslov (1)
- Range Concatenation Grammar (1)
- Reagan (1)
- Realized Kernel (1)
- Recognition (1)
- Reconhecimento (1)
- Reconstitution (1)
- Reduction (1)
- Reduktion (1)
- Reduktion <Linguistik> (1)
- Regularization (1)
- Regulatory agencies. (1)
- Reibelaut (1)
- Rekonstitution (1)
- Relative Preisvariabilität (1)
- Relative Price Variability (1)
- Religion (1)
- Religionswissenschaft (1)
- Religious Studies (1)
- Renormierungsgruppe (1)
- Rent-Seeking (1)
- Resistenz (1)
- Resonances (1)
- Resonanzen (1)
- Resurrection (1)
- Retirement Accounts (1)
- Return Predictability (1)
- Reversible Terminatoren (1)
- Revision (1)
- Revolution <1848, Motiv> (1)
- Rezeptor (1)
- Rezeptor-Tyrosinkinasen (1)
- Rhetorik (1)
- Ringtheorie (1)
- Risiko (1)
- Risikoanalyse (1)
- River Rhine (1)
- Robert David MacDonald (1)
- Robustness (1)
- Ronald (1)
- Rutelinae (1)
- Rènyi mutual information (1)
- Réunion (1)
- SAGE (1)
- SMALL INTERFERING RNA (1)
- STRUCTURAL BASIS (1)
- Sachbearbeiter (1)
- Sachs, Hans (1)
- Safety perspectives (1)
- Said (1)
- Salomo <Israel, König> (1)
- Salt stress (1)
- Salztress (1)
- Sammlung (1)
- Samuel <Buch>, I. II. (1)
- Satz von Nepomnyashchy (1)
- Scarabaeinae (1)
- Schmierläuse (1)
- Schulden (1)
- Schwerionenkollisionen (1)
- Schätzfunktion (1)
- Screening (1)
- Secondary Structure (1)
- Seitenersetzungsstrategie (1)
- Sekundärstruktur (1)
- Selbst-Organisation (1)
- Selection (1)
- Self-respect (1)
- Semiparametric Model (1)
- Septische Granulomatose (1)
- Sequenzanalyse <Chemie> (1)
- Sequenzierung durch Synthese (1)
- Serienmörder (1)
- Sexual Citizenship (1)
- Seychelles (1)
- Signal Recognition Particle (1)
- Signaling (1)
- Signaltransduktion (1)
- Simple Range Concatenation Grammar (1)
- Skalenertrag (1)
- Sloppiness (1)
- Smads (1)
- Small Open Economy Models (1)
- Sociability (1)
- Social Terrorism (1)
- Social technologies (1)
- Softwarehaus (1)
- Softwareindustrie (1)
- Solid-phase extraction (1)
- Sorben (1)
- South East Asia (1)
- Southeast Asia (1)
- Sovereign Wealth Funds (1)
- Soviet Union (1)
- Sparen (1)
- Sparkasse (1)
- Speicherring (1)
- Spektroskopie (1)
- Sprachgemeinschaft (1)
- Sprachproduktion (1)
- Sprachwahrnehmung (1)
- Sprachwandel (1)
- Sprechakte (1)
- Sprechaktklassifikation (1)
- Spreech Akte (1)
- Squeeze-Out (1)
- Stabilisierung (1)
- Standardisierung (1)
- Statistische Mechanik (1)
- Stipion lessingianae (1)
- Stochastic Volatility (1)
- Storage ring (1)
- Strahldynamik (1)
- Stressreaktion (1)
- Structure-based Mutagenesis Study (1)
- Sumatra (1)
- Sumoylation (1)
- Sumoylierung (1)
- SuperSAGE (1)
- Support Vector Regression (1)
- Support Vector Regression Model (1)
- Surfactants (1)
- Sydney Stock Exchange (1)
- Symbiose (1)
- Symmetriebrechung (1)
- Symposium (1)
- Systematics (1)
- Sünde (1)
- TDDFT (1)
- TGFβ (1)
- TMDD (1)
- TMDD spatial and temporal concentration variations (1)
- Tagesgeschäft (1)
- Tageswert (1)
- Takens-Grassberger correlation integral (1)
- Tarim (1)
- Taxonomie (1)
- Tecnologias sociais (1)
- Teilchen (1)
- Teilchenerzeugung (1)
- Temperaturbeständigkeit (1)
- Teoria crítica (1)
- Term Structure Modelling (1)
- Terminmarkt (1)
- Terrorism (1)
- Theoretical physics (1)
- Therapy (1)
- Thermal Stability (1)
- Thermodynamische Eigenschaft (1)
- Threshold Error Correction (1)
- Tipu psyllid (1)
- Tipuana tipu (1)
- Tony <Schriftsteller> / Angels in America (1)
- Toroidal magnetic field (1)
- Toroidalen Magnetfeld (1)
- Trade-sale Rights (1)
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (1)
- Transcriptional activity (1)
- Transcriptome (1)
- Transduktion B Zellen (1)
- Translating drama (1)
- Translation studies (1)
- Transmissionsmechanismus (1)
- Transport Approach (1)
- Transportmodellen (1)
- Transportprozess (1)
- Tree Adjoining Grammar (1)
- Tristanepik (1)
- Trockenstress (1)
- Tropical bases (1)
- Tropische Basen (1)
- Trust (1)
- Tumorsuppressor-Gen (1)
- Type specimens (1)
- Ubichinonbindetasche (1)
- Ubiquinone Binding Pocket (1)
- Ultraviolettspektroskop (1)
- Unternehmenserfolg (1)
- Unternehmensgründung (1)
- Unternehmenswachstum (1)
- Vagueness (1)
- Vakuumdeposition (1)
- Varietät (1)
- Vaskulogenese (1)
- Vegetationsgeschichte (1)
- Venture Capital (1)
- Verbrauch (1)
- Vergütung (1)
- Vertical R&D (1)
- Vertrag (1)
- Vertrauen (1)
- Videospiel (1)
- Vietnam (1)
- Volatility (1)
- Volatilität (1)
- Vormärz (1)
- Vorteil (1)
- War Of Independence (1)
- Weiche Materie (1)
- Wertpapiermarkt (1)
- Wertpapierportefeuille (1)
- West Indies (1)
- Wettbewerb (1)
- Whole genome association (1)
- Wirtschaftsgut (1)
- Wirtschaftsmodell (1)
- Wirtschaftssektor (1)
- Wirtspflanzen (1)
- Wissenschaftsgeschichte (1)
- World War I (1)
- World War II (1)
- X-Ray Structure (1)
- Xenoestrogens (1)
- Xinjiang (1)
- Xiongnu (1)
- YIVO (1)
- Yeast estrogen screen (1)
- Yield Curve Risk (1)
- Zele deceptor (1)
- Zellfreies System (1)
- Zero Bound (1)
- Zinc (1)
- Zinsänderungsrisiko (1)
- a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) (1)
- absent expenditure of material (1)
- acidic sand (1)
- activity (1)
- activity homeostasis (1)
- acute wounds (1)
- ageing (1)
- aggression (1)
- agualaniata (1)
- algebraic diagrammatic construction (1)
- algorithmic trading (1)
- allosterischer Modulator (1)
- ambiguity (1)
- amino acids (1)
- analgesics (1)
- angiogenesis (1)
- ant-plants (1)
- anther development (1)
- anticoagulants (1)
- artificially completed markets (1)
- atmospheric surface layer (1)
- augmentation materials (1)
- automata (1)
- autophagy (1)
- autopoiesis (1)
- back pain (1)
- bacterial autotransporter (1)
- beetles (1)
- behavior (1)
- behavioral performance (1)
- bibliography (1)
- bidirectional plasticity (1)
- biloba (1)
- bio polymer (1)
- biocompatibility (1)
- biodiversity conservation (1)
- biodiversity education (1)
- biodiversity network (1)
- biodiversity networks (1)
- biodiversity research (1)
- biological models (1)
- blood borne infection (1)
- blood coagulation (1)
- blutübertragbare Infektionskrankheiten (1)
- bonaerensis (1)
- bottles (1)
- brackish water (1)
- brain imaging (1)
- branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) (1)
- campesterol (1)
- capital structure (1)
- caspase-8 (1)
- centaur (1)
- certainty equivalents (1)
- checklist (1)
- chemical shifts (1)
- chemische Charakterisierung (1)
- childhood (1)
- chiral symmetry (1)
- cholestanol (1)
- cholesterol absorption (1)
- cholesterol synthesis (1)
- christliche Kunst (1)
- chronic venous stasis ulcers of the lower legs (1)
- chronic wounds (1)
- classification (1)
- clustering (1)
- coagulation process (1)
- coauthor ship (1)
- cognition (1)
- collective intelligence (1)
- communication complexity (1)
- competitive learning (1)
- computational neuroscience (1)
- computer simulation (1)
- concurrency (1)
- conduct disorder (1)
- conference report (1)
- conformation (1)
- congestion externality (1)
- contact-free method (1)
- contextual equivalence (1)
- corporate governance (1)
- cortex (1)
- cost and profit efficiency (1)
- cost efficiency (1)
- credit access (1)
- creusa (1)
- critical systems (1)
- current account fluctuations (1)
- cycle structure of permutations (1)
- data streams (1)
- deliberative democracy (1)
- dementia (1)
- democratic governance (1)
- density-dependent predation (1)
- diabetic nephropathy (1)
- diatom (1)
- dichoptic visual stimulation (1)
- different genotypes (1)
- dimensional π-invariants analysis (1)
- dipeptide (1)
- disclosure (1)
- discrete dynamical system (1)
- domatia (1)
- dragonfly (1)
- dragonfly fauna (1)
- dry grassland (1)
- dune vegetation (1)
- dynamic investment (1)
- dynamic programming (1)
- dynamics (1)
- ecology (1)
- economies of scale (1)
- education (1)
- electron microscopy (1)
- electronic markets (1)
- endliche metrische Räume (1)
- endocarditis (1)
- endocrine disrupting chemicals (1)
- endothial precursor cells (1)
- energy supply (1)
- equity prices (1)
- estradiol equivalents (1)
- excited states (1)
- explicit performatives (1)
- explizite Performative (1)
- extracellular matrix (1)
- facial prosthesis (1)
- feature selection (1)
- filters (1)
- fission (1)
- fixed effects regression (1)
- flavonoids (1)
- fluorescence (1)
- food consumption (1)
- food quality (1)
- forest Lepidoptera (1)
- forming a group (1)
- free-solution electrophoresis (1)
- freshwater (1)
- fritillary (1)
- fusion (1)
- futures (1)
- gamma (1)
- gene therapy (1)
- genetransfer (1)
- geraensis (1)
- global imaginary (1)
- global justice (1)
- globalization (1)
- grammar acquisistion (1)
- grazing (1)
- greenhouse (1)
- h-index (1)
- habitat (1)
- hadronic transport approach (1)
- haskell (1)
- healthcare worker (1)
- heat stress (1)
- heavy ion collisions (1)
- heavy-ion collision (1)
- hedonic translog cost function (1)
- history (1)
- holotype (1)
- housing (1)
- human exposure (1)
- hybrid approach (1)
- hydrodynamics (1)
- immunomodulatory effects (1)
- impact factor (1)
- implanto-prosthetic therapy (1)
- in vitro effects (1)
- in vivo screen (1)
- incomplete markets (1)
- indirect analysis of succession (1)
- industrial cluster (1)
- infection defense (1)
- inflammation (1)
- infrared thermography (1)
- infrared-A radiation (1)
- inquilinism (1)
- institution and technology (1)
- integral similarity functions (1)
- interacting bosons (1)
- intervertebral disc (1)
- intravital microscopy (1)
- intrinsic plasticity (1)
- investment management company (1)
- jet-medium interactions (1)
- jewel scarab (1)
- jihadist globalism (1)
- justice globalism (1)
- kern-basiertes Lernen (1)
- kernel learning (1)
- knock-out (1)
- kritische Systeme (1)
- lactose permease (1)
- lambda calculus (1)
- land use history (1)
- language community (1)
- lathosterol (1)
- law of requisite variety (1)
- leasing (1)
- legitimacy (1)
- lentiviral vector (1)
- lentiviral vectors (1)
- lentivirale Vektoren (1)
- lexical-functional grammar (1)
- life-cycle decisions (1)
- ligand (1)
- ligand interactions (1)
- lipoproteins (1)
- litter sieving (1)
- local field potential (1)
- low birth weight infant (1)
- lower bounds (1)
- machine models (1)
- macromoleculs (1)
- macrophages (1)
- manifold and geodesic (1)
- market globalism (1)
- matching frictions (1)
- maternal density effects (1)
- medical students (1)
- mega-terror attacks (1)
- melibiose permease (1)
- metabotroper Glutamatrezeptor (1)
- metabotropic (1)
- microcirculation (1)
- mimicry (1)
- mineral water (1)
- mineral waters (1)
- mino acid metabolism (first pass) (1)
- mitochondria (1)
- mitochondrial dynamics (1)
- modeling (1)
- modernity (1)
- molecular conformation (1)
- molecular dynamics (1)
- molecular structure (1)
- monitoring (1)
- monocytes (1)
- monte carlo simulation (1)
- morphology (1)
- mountain birch (1)
- multi-agents system (1)
- multicomponent rewriting (1)
- mutual fund complex (1)
- mutualism (1)
- myocarditis (1)
- myrmecophytes (1)
- national imaginary (1)
- nature conservation (1)
- nature museums (1)
- neonatal septic shock (1)
- neuropathic pain (1)
- new combinations (1)
- new genus (1)
- new synonym (1)
- new synonymy (1)
- newborn infant (1)
- non-determinism (1)
- nondeterministic finite automata (1)
- nonlinear dynamics (1)
- nonylphenol (1)
- normalization (1)
- nuclear physics (1)
- nuclear translocation (1)
- optimal consumption and investment (1)
- optimal monetary policy (1)
- order submission (1)
- original sin (1)
- oscillations (1)
- oxygen supply (1)
- ozone (1)
- p38 MAP kinase (1)
- p63 (1)
- panel vector autoregression (1)
- parsing (1)
- path integral (1)
- patristic (1)
- pattern (1)
- pericarditis (1)
- peroxisom proliferator aktivierter Rezeptor (1)
- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (1)
- pertussis (1)
- phagocytosis (1)
- phenotypes (1)
- phytosterols (1)
- pine plantation (1)
- plant species diversity (1)
- plant-ants (1)
- plasticisers (1)
- podocytes (1)
- polar coordinates (1)
- pollen (1)
- polychaetes (1)
- polyelectrolyte (1)
- polyethylene terephthalate (1)
- polymorphism (1)
- population cycles (1)
- population dynamics (1)
- portfolio choice (1)
- potential fecundity (1)
- pragmatics (1)
- precision (1)
- prefrontal cortex (1)
- premature infant (1)
- presenilin (PS)/gamma-secretase activity (1)
- primary tubular cells (1)
- problem wounds (1)
- process approximation (1)
- product market competition (1)
- programming languages design (1)
- projections (1)
- proliferation of prefixes (1)
- prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind studies (1)
- protein C (1)
- protein flexibilty (1)
- protein targeting (1)
- protein trafficking (1)
- protein-ligand docking (1)
- pseudotyping (1)
- psychiatry (1)
- public awareness (1)
- public banks (1)
- public sphere (1)
- pump-probe spectroscopy (1)
- pupal predation (1)
- quality of life (1)
- quantum biology (1)
- quark-gluon plasma (1)
- random metric (1)
- rapamycin (1)
- re-description (1)
- recurrent neural networks (1)
- reduction of pain (1)
- renal fibrosis (1)
- reproduction (1)
- reservoir computing (1)
- resist characterisation (1)
- resist stripping (1)
- reversible terminators (1)
- review (1)
- revision (1)
- rna (1)
- rotational coherence spectroscopy (1)
- rusina (1)
- sage leafhopper (1)
- sandy dry grassland (1)
- savings banks (1)
- scarab beetle (1)
- scientific communication (1)
- scientometrics (1)
- scoring function (1)
- securities trading (1)
- self-citation (1)
- self-organizing groups; population dynamics; collective intelligence; forming groups; metric on finite sets (1)
- semi-dry grassland (1)
- sequence analysis (1)
- sequencing-by-synthesis (1)
- serial killer (1)
- sheep grazing (1)
- shrub encroachment (1)
- signal peptide (1)
- similarity functions (1)
- similarity hypotheses (1)
- simulation (1)
- sitosterol (1)
- skipper (1)
- small business lending (1)
- social systems (1)
- solid-supported membrane (1)
- source analysis (1)
- southern United States (1)
- species (1)
- species list (1)
- species-environment relationships (1)
- spectrum analysis (1)
- speech acts (1)
- statement (1)
- stimulus coding (1)
- stochastic differential utility (1)
- structure modeling (1)
- subgenera (1)
- succession stage (1)
- surface layer turbulence (1)
- synaptic plasticity (1)
- synchorology (1)
- synchrony (1)
- synonyms (1)
- targeted cell entry (1)
- temperature (1)
- terror-supporting nations (1)
- textiles (1)
- the set disjointness problem (1)
- thermal and non-thermal effects (1)
- thermic and non-thermic effects (1)
- thermographic image analysis (1)
- thin film (1)
- thioredoxin (1)
- thrombin (1)
- time series prediction (1)
- time-dependent density functional theory (1)
- tissue blood flow (1)
- tissue oxygen partial pressure (1)
- tissue temperature (1)
- tomato (1)
- transduction B cells (1)
- transfer (1)
- transitional society (1)
- transmembran (1)
- tree removal (1)
- treebanks (1)
- tritrophic interactions (1)
- trousers (1)
- type species (1)
- umweltfreundliche Chemie (1)
- unsupervised learning (1)
- vaccine uptake rate (1)
- vaccine uptake rates (1)
- vacuum deposition (1)
- vasculogenesis (1)
- vegetation classification (1)
- vegetation database (1)
- venture capital (1)
- vertebralis (1)
- verzweigtkettige Aminosäuren (1)
- video goggles (1)
- violence (1)
- virtuelles Screening (1)
- visual (1)
- visual analogue scales (VAS) (1)
- visual memory (1)
- visual short-term memory (1)
- vulnerability (1)
- wall hanging (1)
- water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA) (1)
- wechselwirkende Bosonen (1)
- welfare loss (1)
- working memory (1)
- wound exudation (1)
- wound healing (1)
- wound infections (1)
- xCGD (1)
- zeitabhängige Dichtefunktional-Theorie (1)
- zielgerichteter Zelleintritt (1)
- Übersetzung (1)
- β -Diketiminate (1)
Institute
- Medizin (113)
- Biochemie und Chemie (111)
- Biowissenschaften (42)
- Physik (42)
- Geowissenschaften (41)
- Center for Financial Studies (CFS) (35)
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (27)
- Informatik (21)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (21)
- E-Finance Lab e.V. (20)
All's well that ends well
(2009)
A few years ago, Jasanoff adopted the central tenet of my accentological theory, viz. that the Balto-Slavic acute was a stød or glottal stop, not a rising tone (cf. Kortlandt 1975, 1977, 2004, Jasanoff 2004a). Of course, nobody will believe Jasanoff’s claim that he arrived at the same result independently thirty years after I published it and ten years after we discussed it when he came to Leiden to visit us. Though at the time he haughtily dismissed “the tangle of secondary hypotheses and “laws” that clutter the ground in the field of Balto-Slavic accentology” (Jasanoff 2004b: 171), he has now recognized the importance of Pedersen’s law, Hirt’s law, Winter’s law, Meillet’s law, Dolobko’s law, Dybo’s law and Stang’s law and largely accepted my relative chronology of these accent laws, including the loss of the acute shortly before Stang’s law (cf. Jasanoff 2008). He has also accepted my split of Pedersen’s law into a Balto-Slavic and a Slavic phase (to which a Lithuanian phase must be added), my thesis that the tonal contours of Baltic and Slavic languages are post-Balto-Slavic innovations (cf. Jasanoff 2008: 344, fn. 10), and the rise of a tonal distinction on non-acute initial syllables before Dybo’s law which I discussed at some length in my review (1978) of Garde’s monograph (1976). This is great progress.
The current thesis is devoted to a systematic study of fluctuations and correlations in heavy-ion collisions, which might be considered as probes for the phase transition and the critical point in the phase diagram, within the Hadron-String- Dynamics (HSD) microscopic transport approach. This is a powerful tool to study nucleus-nucleus collisions and allows to completely simulate experimental collisions on an event-by-event basis. Thus, the transport model has been used to study fluctuations and correlations including the influence of experimental acceptance as well as centrality, system size and collision energy. The comparison to experimental data can separate the effects induced by a phase transition since there is no phase transition in the HSD version used here. Firstly the centrality dependence of multiplicity fluctuations has been studied. Different centrality selections have been performed in the analysis in correspondence to the experimental situation. For the fixed target experiment NA49 events with fixed numbers of the projectile participants have been studied while in the collider experiment PHENIX centrality classes of events have been defined by the multiplicity in certain phase space region. A decrease of participant number fluctuations (and thus volume fluctuations) in more central collisions for both experiments has been obtained. Another area of this work addresses to transport model calculations of multiplicity fluctuations in nucleus-nucleus collisions as a function of colliding energy and system size. This study is in full correspondence to the experimental program of the NA61 Collaboration at the SPS. Central C+C, S+S, In+In, and Pb+Pb nuclear collisions at Elab = 10, 20, 30, 40, 80, 158 AGeV have been investigated. The expected enhanced fluctuations - attributed to the critical point and phase transition - can be observed experimentally on top of a monotonic and smooth ‘hadronic background’. These findings should be helpful for the optimal choice of collision systems and collision energies for the experimental search of the QCD critical point. Other observables are fluctuations of ratios of hadrons (e.g. pions, kaons, protons, etc.) which are not so much affected by volume fluctuations. In particular HSD results for the kaon-to-pion ratio fluctuations, which has been regarded as promising observable for a long time, are presented from low SPS energies up to high energies at RHIC. In addition to the HSD calculations statistical model is also used in terms of microcanonical, canonical and grand canonical ensembles. Further a study of the system size event-by-event fluctuations causing rapidity forward-backward correlations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is presented. The HSD simulations reveal strong forward-backward correlations and reproduce the main qualitative features of the STAR data in A+A collisions at RHIC energies. It has been shown that strong forward-backward correlations arise due to an averaging over many different events that belong to one centrality bin. An optimization of the experimental selection of centrality classes is presented, which is relevant for the program of the NA61 collaboration at CERN, the low-energy program at RHIC, as well as future experiments at FAIR.
Ein wesentliches Ziel der Physik mit schweren Ionen ist die Untersuchung der Zustände von Kernmaterie bei hohen Dichten bzw. Temperaturen. Solche Zustände lassen sich durch Kollisionen von hochenergetischen schweren Ionen in Teilchenbeschleunigern wie dem Super Proton Synchrotron SPS am Europäischen Kernforschungszentrum CERN in Genf erzeugen und untersuchen. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Analyse des Einflusses des in einer solchen Kollision erzeugten Mediums auf hochenergetische Teilchen, welche dieses Medium durchqueren. Hierzu werden Korrelationen zwischen Teilchen mit hohem Transversalimpuls pt als Funktion der Zentralität der Kollisionen und der Ladung der beteiligten Teilchen untersucht. Ziel ist es, hierdurch eine experimentelle Grundlage für die theoretische Beschreibung der Eigenschaften des Mediums in solchen Kollisionen bereitzustellen. ...
Kaon and pion production in centrality selected minimum bias Pb+Pb collisions at 40 and 158A GeV
(2009)
Results on charged kaon and negatively charged pion production and spectra for centrality selected Pb+Pb mininimum bias events at 40 and 158A GeV have been presented in this thesis. All analysis are based on data taken by the NA49 experiment at the accelerator Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland. The kaon results are based on an analysis of the mean energy loss <dE/dx> of the charged particles traversing the detector gas of the time projection chambers (TPCs). The pion results are from an analysis of all negatively charged particles h- corrected for contributions from particle decays and secondary interactions. For the dE/dx analysis of charged kaons, main TPC tracks with a total momentum between 4 and 50 GeV have been analyzed in logarithmic momentum log(p) and transverse momentum pt bins. The resulting dE/dx spectra have been fitted by the sum of 5 Gaussians, one for each main particle type (electrons, pions, kaons, protons, deuterons). The amplitude of the Gaussian used for the kaon part of the spectra has been corrected for efficiency and acceptance and the binning has been transformed to rapidity y and transverse momentum pt bins. The multiplicity dN/dy of the single rapidity bins has been derived by summing the measured range of the transverse momentum spectra and an extrapolation to full coverage with a single exponential function fitted to the measured range. The results have been combined with the mid-rapidity measurements from the time-of-flight detectors and a double Gaussian fit to the dN/dy spectra has been used for extrapolation to rapidity outside of the acceptance of the dE/dx analysis. For the h- analysis of negatively charged pions, all negatively charged tracks have been analyzed. The background from secondary reactions, particle decays, and gamma-conversions has been corrected with the VENUS event generator. The results were also corrected for efficiency and acceptance and the pt spectra were analyzed and extrapolated where necessary to derive the mean yield per rapidity bin dN/dy. The mean multiplicity <pi-> has been derived by summing up the measured dN/dy and extrapolating the rapidity spectrum with a double Gaussian fit to 4pi coverage. The results have been discussed in detail and compared to various model calculations. Microscopical models like URQMD and HSD do not describe the full complexity of Pb+Pb collisions. Especially the production of the positively charged kaons, which carry the major part of strange quarks, cannot be consistently reproduced by the model calculations. Centrality selected minimum bias Pb+Pb collisions can be described as a mixture of a high-density region of multiply colliding nucleons (core) and practically independent nucleon-nucleon collisions (corona). This leads to a smooth evolution from peripheral to central collisions. A more detailed approach derives the ensemble volume from a percolation of elementary clusters. In the percolation model all clusters are formed from coalescing strings that are assumed to decay statistically with the volume dependence of canonical strangeness suppression. The percolation model describes the measured data for top SPS and RHIC energies. At 40A GeV, the system size dependence of the relative strangeness production starts to evolve from the saturation seen at higher energies from peripheral events onwards towards a linear dependence at SIS and AGS. This change of the dependence on system size occurs in the energy region of the observed maximum of the K+ to pi ratio for central Pb+Pb collisions. Future measurements with heavy ion beam energies around this maximum at RHIC and FAIR as well as the upgraded NA49 successor experiment NA61 will further improve our understanding of quark matter and its reflection in modern heavy ion physics and theories.
The likely manifestations of climate change like flood hazards are prominent topics in public communication. This can be shown by media analysis and questionnaire data. However, in the case of flood risks an information gap remains resulting in misinformed citizens who probably will not perform the necessary protective actions when an emergency occurs. This paper examines more closely a newly developed approach to flood risk communication that takes the heterogeneity of citizens into account and aims to close this gap. The heterogeneity is analysed on the meso level regarding differences in residential situation as well as on the micro level with respect to risk perception and protective actions. Using the city of Bremen as a case study, empirical data from n=831 respondents were used to identify Action Types representing different states of readiness for protective actions in view of flood risks. These subpopulations can be provided with specific information to meet their heterogeneous needs for risk communication. A prototype of a computer-based information system is described that can produce and pass on such tailored information. However, such an approach to risk communication has to be complemented by meso level analysis which takes the social diversity of subpopulations into account. Social vulnerability is the crucial concept for understanding the distribution of resources and capacities among different social groups. We therefore recommend putting forums and organisations into place that can mediate between the state and its citizens.
Background Ongoing changes in cancer care cause an increase in the complexity of cases which is characterized by modern treatment techniques and a higher demand for patient information about the underlying disease and therapeutic options. At the same time, the restructuring of health services and reduced funding have led to the downsizing of hospital care services. These trends strongly influence the workplace environment and are a potential source of stress and burnout among professionals working in radiotherapy. Methods and patients A postal survey was sent to members of the workgroup "Quality of Life" which is part of DEGRO (German Society for Radiooncology). Thus far, 11 departments have answered the survey. 406 (76.1%) out of 534 cancer care workers (23% physicians, 35% radiographers, 31% nurses, 11% physicists) from 8 university hospitals and 3 general hospitals completed the FBAS form (Stress Questionnaire of Physicians and Nurses; 42 items, 7 scales), and a self-designed questionnaire regarding work situation and one question on global job satisfaction. Furthermore, the participants could make voluntary suggestions about how to improve their situation. Results Nurses and physicians showed the highest level of job stress (total score 2.2 and 2.1). The greatest source of job stress (physicians, nurses and radiographers) stemmed from structural conditions (e.g. underpayment, ringing of the telephone) a "stress by compassion" (e.g. "long suffering of patients", "patients will be kept alive using all available resources against the conviction of staff"). In multivariate analyses professional group (p < 0.001), working night shifts (p = 0.001), age group (p = 0.012) and free time compensation (p = 0.024) gained significance for total FBAS score. Global job satisfaction was 4.1 on a 9-point scale (from 1 – very satisfied to 9 – not satisfied). Comparing the total stress scores of the hospitals and job groups we found significant differences in nurses (p = 0.005) and physicists (p = 0.042) and a borderline significance in physicians (p = 0.052). In multivariate analyses "professional group" (p = 0.006) and "vocational experience" (p = 0.036) were associated with job satisfaction (cancer care workers with < 2 years of vocational experience having a higher global job satisfaction). The total FBAS score correlated with job satisfaction (Spearman-Rho = 0.40; p < 0.001). Conclusion Current workplace environments have a negative impact on stress levels and the satisfaction of radiotherapy staff. Identification and removal of the above-mentioned critical points requires various changes which should lead to the reduction of stress.
We calculate leading-order dilepton yields from a quark-gluon plasma which has a time-dependent anisotropy in momentum space. Such anisotropies can arise during the earliest stages of quark-gluon plasma evolution due to the rapid longitudinal expansion of the created matter. A phenomenological model for the proper time dependence of the parton hard momentum scale, p_hard, and the plasma anisotropy parameter, xi, is proposed. The model describes the transition of the plasma from a 0+1 dimensional collisionally-broadened expansion at early times to a 0+1 dimensional ideal hydrodynamic expansion at late times. We find that high-energy dilepton production is enhanced by pre-equilibrium emission up to 50% at LHC energies, if one assumes an isotropization/thermalization time of 2 fm/c. Given sufficiently precise experimental data this enhancement could be used to determine the plasma isotropization time experimentally.
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, end-stage cirrhosis, and liver cancer, but little is known about the burden of disease caused by the virus. We summarised burden of disease data presently available for Europe, compared the data to current expert estimates, and identified areas in which better data are needed. Methods Literature and international health databases were systematically searched for HCV-specific burden of disease data, including incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and liver transplantation. Data were collected for the WHO European region with emphasis on 22 countries. If HCV-specific data were unavailable, these were calculated via HCV-attributable fractions. Results HCV-specific burden of disease data for Europe are scarce. Incidence data provided by national surveillance are not fully comparable and need to be standardised. HCV prevalence data are often inconclusive. According to available data, an estimated 7.3–8.8 million people (1.1–1.3%) are infected in our 22 focus countries. HCV-specific mortality, DALY, and transplantation data are unavailable. Estimations via HCV-attributable fractions indicate that HCV caused more than 86000 deaths and 1.2 million DALYs in the WHO European region in 2002. Most of the DALYs (95%) were accumulated by patients in preventable disease stages. About one-quarter of the liver transplants performed in 25 European countries in 2004 were attributable to HCV. Conclusion Our results indicate that hepatitis C is a major health problem and highlight the importance of timely antiviral treatment. However, data on the burden of disease of hepatitis C in Europe are scarce, outdated or inconclusive, which indicates that hepatitis C is still a neglected disease in many countries. What is needed are public awareness, co-ordinated action plans, and better data. European physicians should be aware that many infections are still undetected, provide timely testing and antiviral treatment, and avoid iatrogenic transmission.
Biventricular pacing has been suggested in end-stage heart failure. We present a 59-year-old patient undergoing second re-do CABG (coronary artery bypass graft) and carotid artery endarterectomy. Ejection fraction was 15%, QRS-width 175 ms. Following the carotid and CABG procedure, an implanted single-chamber ICD (implantable cardioverter defibrillator) was upgraded to permanent biventricular DDD pacing by implantation of one epicardial left ventricular and one epicardial atrial electrode. At follow-up two months postoperatively ejection fraction had significantly improved to 45%, the patient underwent stress test with adequate load and reported a good quality of life.