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Although there are many dialect speakers in Bavaria, the dialect - mainly because of its non-standardized spelling - is usually not used in common print media or on nationwide television. Nevertheless, the Bavarian dialect appears on Bavarian television (BR) and in cinema films. However, the Bavarian used on television or in films is frequently not a genuine dialect; instead it is a synthetic language which resembles the German standard and merely refers to the dialect. This is mainly due to the needs of non-dialect speakers, who would definitely have comprehension problems with the genuine dialect. Furthermore, the Bavarian dialect is often used on online platforms, such as Facebook or YouTube. In these conversational situations, face-to-face communication is replaced by written texts. In the case of dialect speakers, these texts can appear as written dialect; due to the non-standardized spelling, the texts are strongly individualized.
This paper focuses on passages of interpreting/translation in four novels written by Bosnian novelists (Ivo Andrić, Dževad Karahasan, Saša Stanišić). It seeks to answer the following questions: How do the characters of the interpreters/translators represent their cultural background? Does the immediate situation (e.g. a situation of threat or violence) influence their verbal behaviour? Is the literary description a metaphorical one in order to symbolize the inadequacy and even the failure of interpreting/translation? How do the interpreters/translators in the novels attempt to bridge the gap between different cultures?
By juxtaposing parallel passages in Ernst Jünger's War Diary with those in his later works on World War I written during the 1920s, I aim to show that Jünger's concept of a soldier increasingly glorifies violence.
Flashmob, App, E-Bike, Gendermainstreaming, bloggen, skypen, gefaked/gefakt, geliked/gelikt, Coffee-to-go, Latte macchiato, Gnocchi, Yallah, Shisha oder Sushi – die beherrschenden Fremdwörter aus Wissenschaft und Alltag der Gegenwartssprache im 21. Jahrhundert sind englischen Ursprungs, im letzten Jahrzehnt auch zunehmend aus anderen modernen europäischen und außereuropäischen Sprachen entlehnt. Die Entlehnungsbedingungen dieser Wörter unterscheiden sich damit grundsätzlich von den Gegebenheiten, die für die Integrationsentwicklungen bei Gräzismen und Latinismen sowie für Gallizismen bestimmend waren. Während die Fremdwörter aus den drei bis ins 20. Jahrhundert hinein wesentlichen Gebersprachen über Jahrhunderte hinweg in mehreren Phasen schrittweise Eingang in die deutsche Sprache fanden und dabei durch einen kontinuierlichen, wenn auch nicht immer widerspruchsfreien Prozess orthografischer Normierung begleitet wurden, erfolgte die Übernahme einer Vielzahl von Anglizismen und anderer Neologismen erheblich schneller im Rahmen umfassender Internationalisierung und Globalisierung von Sprache und Gesellschaft. Die entlehnten Wörter bezeichnen zum allergrößten Teil neue Phänomene, Wortbedeutungen oder Sachverhalte, sie sind Indizien für fundamentale gesellschaftliche Veränderungen, die einen grundlegenden Sprach- und schließlich auch Schreibwandel zur Folge haben. Im Gegensatz zum Umfeld früherer Entlehnungen bieten normierende Texte wie Grammatiken oder Wörterbücher daher zunächst noch keine orthografische Orientierung. Stattdessen gewinnt das Internet, bestimmt von professionellen wie auch informellen Schreibern, sowohl als Bezugsquelle von Informationen als auch als Orientierungsrahmen für die Schreibung neuer Wörter eine immer stärkere Bedeutung. Anglizismen spielen dabei eine Sonderrolle: Sie werden sowohl von englischen als auch von deutschen Quelltexten aus rezipiert und zum Teil in ihrem gebersprachlichen graphemischen Status übernommen, zum Teil modifiziert.
Der Krieg von der Kanzel
(2016)
At the beginning of World War I a large number of war sermons ("Kriegspredigten") were published in Germany. The first part of this paper presents an overview of sermons given by my great-grandfather Karl König in August 1914. It elaborates on the general characteristics of war sermons as well as König's specific target audience and his linguistic means. The second part discusses König's usage of the term "Opfer" (victim vs. sacrifice).
The writer Lion Feuchtwanger makes an appeal against World War I with two dramatic adaptations of ancient texts: 'Die Perser des Aischylos' ('Aeschylus' Persians'), and – based on two works by Aristophanes – 'Friede' (‘Peace’). Feuchtwanger uses metaphors in various parts of these plays to express emotions concerning the war (across the spectrum of human emotions). These metaphors function as instruments for reinforcing the intended criticism of war in both works.
The article starts by giving a brief survey of the current state of German-Czech and Czech-German lexicography in the field of learners' dictionaries. It then continues with a metalexicographic examination of two translational dictionaries published since 2000. Attention focuses on the ways in which each team of authors addresses some basic metalexicographic problems in the introductory texts. The article then explores the methods of description used for fixed lexical phrases, which are critically analyzed (using as an example the dictionary entry for the lemma Kopf (head).
The First World War brought devastating consequences for German linguistics. Formerly one of the most prestigious foreign languages taught at schools and universities outside Germany, after the war German disappeared from almost all curricula abroad. Furthermore, it proved impossible to establish a structuralist school (such as the Prague school) in Germany. The article suggests that this was neither due to the long tradition of the Jungian grammarians nor due to the Nazis' official condemnation of structuralism as being incompatible with the ideology of the state. It is shown that such a development should instead be attributed to the so-called "Krieg der Geister" ("war of the intellect"), which remained present even after the military peace (1918) amid a feeling of national insecurity. The article concludes that such a nationalistic social and political environment proved to be fertile ground for Whorfianism, and the influence of the so-called 'Sprachinhaltsforschung' prevailed towards structuralism.
The article deals with the representation of the life principles of Count Albert Joseph Hoditz as discussed in his literary work. The analysis places this work in its literary-historical and philosophical context and seeks to make an innovative contribution to literary-historical research of this topic.
The article describes the role of German as a working language and official language of the European Union. It also focuses on issues associated with the notion of an 'overarching' language of general use: especially in the field of law, each language reflects the specific legal and administrative traditions of the society in which it developed, meaning that different languages frequently lack precise one-to-one equivalents for particular legal concepts. Finally, the author assesses the 'economic value' of several European languages as proposed by Ulrich Ammons, demonstrating that German plays a leading role in this regard.