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Zwischen Fremdheit und Vertrautheit : Heinrich von Kleist in der neueren polnischen Literatur
(2013)
Im Folgenden werden die Texte der beiden polnischen Lyriker Marcin Świetlicki und Jacek Podsiadło unter die Lupe genommen, die sich mit Kleist auseinandersetzen. Dies soll dann mit den Kleist-Bezügen bei Stefan Chwin in 'Hanemann' (1995) und bei Krzysztof Niewrzęda in 'Czas przeprowadzki' [Umzugszeit) (2005) verglichen werden. Der Sammelband Niewrzędas, der Kurzprosa, Essays und Gedichte enthält, erschien ein Jahrzehnt nach 'Hanemann' und stellt ein Beispiel einer sich allem Anschein nach dank Chwins Darstellung ausbreitenden Kleist-Rezeption in der polnischen Gegenwartsliteratur dar.
Mit der Entgrenzung der Geschichtlichkeit bewegt sich Pasolini auf dem Sektor, der sein Filmschaffen - wenn auch in unterschiedlichen Variationen - wie ein roter Faden begleitet: dem Mythos. Allerdings handelt es sich nun um einen pervertierten Mythos, im Gegensatz zum archaischen Mythos, welchen Pasolini in 'Edipo Re' und 'Medea' noch in euphorischen Bildern gepriesen hatte. Die faschistische Pervertierung des Mythos in der Moderne dagegen, so führt zumindest 'Salò' vor Augen, transgrediere die Gewalt nicht mehr als Teil einer gemeinschaftlich begründeten Festivität und Verausgabung lebensfördernder Riten. Die heilige Gewalt des Mythos degeneriert in dem von Pasolini als ubiquitär verstandenen Faschismus zur ziellosen, heillosen Anarchie.
Die folgenden Ausführungen verstehen sich in keinster Weise als Rezension im Sinne einer fachwissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung mit Wolfgang Stadlers 2010 erschienener slawistisch-linguistischer Habilitationsschrift 'Pragmatik des Schweigens'. Dazu fehlen mir die nötigen Kompetenzen, und das vorliegende Jahrbuch wäre dafür sicher auch nicht der geeignete Rahmen. Vielmehr möchte ich einige Früchte interdisziplinärer Neugier präsentieren, will sagen: Elemente der Argumentation des besagten Werks, die mich besonders inspiriert haben, herausgreifen, kommentieren und in Beziehung zu ausgewählten literarischen Beispieltexten setzen. Einen Orientierungspunkt bildet dabei die aus der Rhetorik bekannte Figur der Paralipse als bekundetes Übergehen eines oder mehrerer Redegegenstände, anders gesagt: das paradoxale Nennen dessen, was man gleichwohl zu Verschweigen ankündigt.
Ich möchte im Folgenden die Affinität zwischen psychoanalytischem und cineatischem Apparat zur Auseinandersetzung mit konkreten Filmen nutzen, indem ich drei Filme vorstelle, die ihrerseits Projektionen, Spiegelungen und Identifikationen thematisieren und diese Konstellation inhaltlich mit Geschichten des Begehrens verknüpfen. Solche Momente führen eine doppelwendige Struktur in den Film ein: Sie stellen zum einen optische Reflexe - ohne jede "tiefere" Bedeutung - als Grundlage des Begehrens dar, während diese zum anderen den medialen Apparat innerhalb des Films spiegeln; das steigert sich weiterhin, wenn die Filme explizit oder implizit auf Hollywood als Ort der "Traumproduktion" verweisen. Dabei möchte ich in der Interpretation zeigen, dass es in den ausgewählten Werken weniger um Befriedigung durch imitierende Repräsentation als um die ganz konkrete Produktion von Begehren im Film geht. Das sei im folgenden am Beispiel dreier Filme aus bzw. über Hollywood - 'Sunset Blvd.', 'Mulholland Dr.' und 'No Country for Old Men' - anschaulicher vorgeführt.
Despite the availability of new antifungal compounds, invasive fungal infection remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children and adults undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Allogeneic HSCT recipients suffer from a long lasting defect of different arms of the immune system, which increases the risk for and deteriorates the prognosis of invasive fungal infections. In turn, advances in understanding these immune deficits have resulted in promising strategies to enhance or restore critical immune functions in allogeneic HSCT recipients. Potential approaches include the administration of granulocytes, since neutropenia is the single most important risk factor for invasive fungal infection, and preliminary clinical results suggest a benefit of adoptively transferred donor-derived antifungal T cells. In vitro data and animal studies demonstrate an antifungal effect of natural killer cells, but clinical data are lacking to date. This review summarizes and critically discusses the available data of immunotherapeutic strategies in allogeneic HSCT recipients suffering from invasive fungal infection.
To many psychoanalysts dreams are a central source of knowledge of the unconscious-the specific research object of psychoanalysis. The dialog with the neurosciences, devoted to the testing of hypotheses on human behavior and neurophysiology with objective methods, has added to psychoanalytic conceptualizations on emotion, memory, sleep and dreams, conflict and trauma. To psychoanalysts as well as neuroscientists, the neurological basis of psychic functioning, particularly concerning trauma, is of special interest. In this article, an attempt is made to bridge the gap between psychoanalytic findings and neuroscientific findings on trauma. We then attempt to merge both approaches in one experimental study devoted to the investigation of the neurophysiological changes (fMRI) associated with psychoanalytic treatment in chronically depressed patients. We also report on an attempt to quantify psychoanalysis-induced transformation in the manifest content of dreams. To do so, we used two independent methods. First, dreams reported during the cure of chronic depressed analysands were assessed by the treating psychoanalyst. Second, dreams reported in an experimental context were analyzed by an independent evaluator using a standardized method to quantify changes in dream content (Moser method). Single cases are presented. Preliminary results suggest that psychoanalysis-induced transformation can be assessed in an objective way.
he Influence of trehalose-based glycolipids in the virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is recognised; however, the actual role of these cell-wall glycolipids in latent infection is unknown. As an initial approach, we determined by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography the sulfolipid (SL) and diacyltrehalose/polyacyltrehalose (DAT/PAT) profile of the cell wall of hypoxic Mtb. Then, qRT-PCR was extensively conducted to determine the transcription profile of genes involved in the biosynthesis of these glycolipids in non-replicating persistent 1 (NRP1) and anaerobiosis (NRP2) models of hypoxia (Wayne model), and murine models of chronic and progressive pulmonary tuberculosis. A diminished content of SL and increased amounts of glycolipids with chromatographic profile similar to DAT were detected in Mtb grown in the NRP2 stage. A striking decrease in the transcription of mmpL8 and mmpL10 transporter genes and increased transcription of the pks (polyketidesynthase) genes involved in SL and DAT biosynthesis were detected in both the NRP2 stage and the murine model of chronic infection. All genes were found to be up-regulated in the progressive disease. These results suggest that SL production is diminished during latent infection and the DAT/PAT precursors can be accumulated inside tubercle bacilli and are possibly used in reactivation processes.
Im Jahr 2012 gelang ein Fund des Neophyten Vallisneria spiralis L. im Tagebausee Gremminer See bei Gräfenhainichen. Hierbei handelt es sich um den Erstfund für Sachsen-Anhalt. Anmerkungen zum Gremminer See und zu Vallisneria spiralis werden gegeben. Eine Einschleppung durch Taucher ist wahrscheinlich.
Tree migration-rates : narrowing the gap between inferred post-glacial rates and projected rates
(2013)
Faster-than-expected post-glacial migration rates of trees have puzzled ecologists for a long time. In Europe, post-glacial migration is assumed to have started from the three southern European peninsulas (southern refugia), where large areas remained free of permafrost and ice at the peak of the last glaciation. However, increasing palaeobotanical evidence for the presence of isolated tree populations in more northerly microrefugia has started to change this perception. Here we use the Northern Eurasian Plant Macrofossil Database and palaeoecological literature to show that post-glacial migration rates for trees may have been substantially lower (60–260 m yr–1) than those estimated by assuming migration from southern refugia only (115–550 m yr–1), and that early-successional trees migrated faster than mid- and late-successional trees. Post-glacial migration rates are in good agreement with those recently projected for the future with a population dynamical forest succession and dispersal model, mainly for early-successional trees and under optimal conditions. Although migration estimates presented here may be conservative because of our assumption of uniform dispersal, tree migration-rates clearly need reconsideration. We suggest that small outlier populations may be a key factor in understanding past migration rates and in predicting potential future range-shifts. The importance of outlier populations in the past may have an analogy in the future, as many tree species have been planted beyond their natural ranges, with a more beneficial microclimate than their regional surroundings. Therefore, climate-change-induced range-shifts in the future might well be influenced by such microrefugia.
The study objective was to assess the current status of HIV knowledge, attitudes and behavior (KAB) among employees of Namibian ministries. As most HIV campaigning takes place in the capital of Windhoek, an additional aim was to compare Windhoek to four regions (Hardap, Erongo, Oshana, and Caprivi). Between January and March 2011 a cross-sectional survey was conducted in two Namibian ministries, with participants selected randomly from the workforce. Data collection was based on questionnaires. 832 participants were included in the study (51.6% male). Nearly 90% of participants reported to have been tested for HIV before. Knowledge about HIV transmission ranged from 67% to 95% of correct answers, with few differences between the capital and regions. However, a knowledge gap regarding HIV transmission and prevention was seen. In particular, we found significantly lower knowledge regarding transmission from mother-to-child during pregnancy and higher rate of belief in a supernatural role in HIV transmission. In addition, despite many years of HIV prevention activities, a substantial proportion of employees had well-known HIV risk factors including multiple concurrent partnership rates (21%), intergenerational sex (19%), and lower testing rates for men (82% compared to women with 91%).
Aging is a complex process that is linked to an increased incidence of major diseases such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease, but also cancer and immune disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, which post-transcriptionally control gene expression by inhibiting translation or inducing degradation of targeted mRNAs. MiRNAs target up to hundreds of mRNAs, thereby modulating gene expression patterns. Many miRNAs appear to be dysregulated during cellular senescence, aging and disease. However, only few miRNAs have been so far linked to age-related changes in cellular and organ functions. The present article will discuss these findings, specifically focusing on the cardiovascular and neurological systems.
Cilj je ovoga rada predstaviti morfološke značajke imenica a-deklinacije u govoru Svetoga Đurđa. Analiza se temelji na ekscerpiranim primjerima iz transkripcija ogledā slobodnoga govora prikupljenih tijekom vlastitih terenskih istraživanja te na podatcima iz detaljnih morfoloških upitnika. Građa je provjerena i u Rječniku govora Svetog Đurđa. U radu su imenice a-vrste opisane po sljedećemu načelu: najprije je predstavljen tablični pregled nastavaka u vrsti te su zabilježene posebnosti vezane uz određene padeže. Poslije njih slijedi pregled morfonoloških alternacija, naglasnih tipova iz sinkronijske perspektive te pregled povijesnoga razvoja morfologije imenica navedene vrste. Posebno su analizirane te objašnjene u komentarima imenice koje se svojom paradigmom ne uklapaju u najčešće obrasce. Zaključci dobiveni ovim istraživanjem uspoređeni su s dosad objavljenim prikazima morfologije govora Svetoga Đurđa u kritičkome osvrtu. Novi, detaljniji i precizniji zaključci, koji potiču na opis drugih sklonidbenih vrsta imenica, odnosno, morfološki opis drugih vrsta riječi, doprinijet će boljemu poznavanju govora.
A quantitative analysis of photoreceptor properties was performed in the retina of the nocturnal deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, using pigmented (wildtype) and albino animals. The aim was to establish whether the deer mouse is a more suitable model species than the house mouse for photoreceptor studies, and whether oculocutaneous albinism affects its photoreceptor properties. In retinal flatmounts, cone photoreceptors were identified by opsin immunostaining, and their numbers, spectral types, and distributions across the retina were determined. Rod photoreceptors were counted using differential interference contrast microscopy. Pigmented P. maniculatus have a rod-dominated retina with rod densities of about 450.000/mm(2) and cone densities of 3000 - 6500/mm(2). Two cone opsins, shortwave sensitive (S) and middle-to-longwave sensitive (M), are present and expressed in distinct cone types. Partial sequencing of the S opsin gene strongly supports UV sensitivity of the S cone visual pigment. The S cones constitute a 5-15% minority of the cones. Different from house mouse, S and M cone distributions do not have dorsoventral gradients, and coexpression of both opsins in single cones is exceptional (<2% of the cones). In albino P. maniculatus, rod densities are reduced by approximately 40% (270.000/mm(2)). Overall, cone density and the density of cones exclusively expressing S opsin are not significantly different from pigmented P. maniculatus. However, in albino retinas S opsin is coexpressed with M opsin in 60-90% of the cones and therefore the population of cones expressing only M opsin is significantly reduced to 5-25%. In conclusion, deer mouse cone properties largely conform to the general mammalian pattern, hence the deer mouse may be better suited than the house mouse for the study of certain basic cone properties, including the effects of albinism on cone opsin expression.
Guzmania panamensis (Bromeliaceae), a new species so far endemic to Veraguas province, Western Panama, is described and illustrated. The new species is recognized due to its peduncle much longer than the leaves and its red floral bracts, shorter than the yellow flowers. The new species is compared to morphologically similar species, namely Guzmania monostachia, G. berteroniana, G. elvallensis, and G. skotakii.
Interview with Dr. Hans-Jürgen Plewan, Board Member Finanz Informatik Solutions Plus GmbH
Ein Umzug beginnt mit der Zielbestimmung, gefolgt vom Auftrag an die Spedition, dem Einpacken des Umzugsguts, gefolgt vom Transport; am Ende das Auspacken. Eine logistische Kette, Güterbewegung darstellbar als Mobilitätsdiagramm. Doch Umziehen bedeutet mehr: Die räumliche Veränderung ist emotional zu bewerkstelligen – vom ersten Impuls bis zum Auspacken der letzten Kiste. Umziehen kann eine der fundamentalen Bewegungen im Leben sein, allerdings auch »a change in what goes on«.
“Shades” of Postmortem Personal Identity: ψυχή καὶ εἴδωλον in the Dream Passage (Il. 23.103-104)
(2013)
In a recent contribution entitled, “Homer’s Challenge to Philosophical Psychology,” Fred Miller proposes an “aporetic approach” to the Homeric poems. That is to say, a close reading of the epics reveals “serious aporiai,” at least insofar as philosophical consistency is concerned. Homeric readers, ancient and modern alike, have found irreconcilably-different answers to our perennial questions about humanity and divinity, fate and free will. To his credit, Miller rightly relieves Homer of an undue burden – viz., that of addressing the philosophical problems of later generations. “The analysis of concepts and the resolution of aporiai”: these are, as Miller notes, definitively not the priorities of an epic bard. Instead, such poets, working freely within the parameters of their oral traditions, understandably use language in ways not strictly-philosophical. Ultimately, Miller wants to argue that the ambiguities of Homer’s poetic language hastened Greece’s philosophical awakening...