Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (30729)
- Part of Periodical (11503)
- Book (8247)
- Doctoral Thesis (5653)
- Part of a Book (3909)
- Working Paper (3373)
- Review (2933)
- Contribution to a Periodical (2306)
- Preprint (1855)
- Report (1560)
Language
- German (42453)
- English (28568)
- French (1060)
- Portuguese (840)
- Spanish (309)
- Croatian (302)
- Multiple languages (256)
- Italian (197)
- mis (174)
- Turkish (168)
Has Fulltext
- yes (74651) (remove)
Keywords
- Deutsch (1076)
- Literatur (863)
- taxonomy (747)
- Deutschland (552)
- Rezension (511)
- new species (441)
- Rezeption (351)
- Frankfurt <Main> / Universität (341)
- Übersetzung (315)
- Geschichte (300)
Institute
- Medizin (7541)
- Präsidium (5103)
- Physik (4170)
- Extern (2738)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (2650)
- Gesellschaftswissenschaften (2364)
- Biowissenschaften (2149)
- Biochemie und Chemie (1964)
- Center for Financial Studies (CFS) (1609)
- Informatik (1593)
Der Elfenbeinturm hat Fenster. Browserfenster : Wissenschaftskommunikation in sozialen Medien
(2021)
Verpackt in Feedbackschleifen : Einblicke in Digitale Lehrformate des digitalen Sommersemesters
(2021)
Mit der pandemiebedingten Notwendigkeit im Sommersemester ausschließlich digital zu unterrichten ging eine große Frage einher: "Wie komme ich in Kontakt mit unseren Studierenden?" und mehr noch "Wie halte ich diesen Kontakt?" Studierende sind untereinander im Idealfall durch Messenger-Gruppen verbunden, für uns Dozierende bleibt häufig nur ein Kanal: die traditionelle E-Mail. Viele Studierende fragen ihre universitätseigene E-Mail nicht ab oder leiten sie nicht auf eine private E-Mail-Adresse um, was für uns im Grunde bedeutete, dass nur unsere Homepage als sicherer aber eben auch einseitiger Informationskanal zur Verfügung stand. "Wegweiser" zu den neuen digitalen Räumen konnten hier zwar aufgestellt werden, was in diesen Räumen aber angeboten wurde, sollte m.E. interaktiv an die Bedarfe unserer Studierenden angepasst werden. Es brauchte also eigentlich sogar mehr Interaktion als in analogen Lehrveranstaltungen. Daher war für mich bei der Transformation der für das Sommersemester geplanten Lehrveranstaltungen die Integration von Interaktionsmöglichkeiten ein zentraler Aspekt, ein Prozess der selbst aber eben auch ein Trial and Error-Verfahren war, der ohne Feedback ins Leere gelaufen wäre. Nachfolgend möchte ich ein Seminar und drei Formate vorstellen, die Feedback und Interaktion auf unterschiedliche Weise integrieren.
Zwischen November 2003 und Januar 2004 wurde in einem Auwald bei Ingelheim am Rhein mittels Bodenfallen die Weberknechtfauna untersucht. Hierbei konnten insgesamt 1643 Individuen determiniert werden, welche sich auf 6 Arten aus 3 Familien verteilten. Besonders bemerkenswert sind die thermophilen Arten Astrobunus laevipes, Nemastoma dentigerum und Trogulus martensi. Zusätzlich wurden Bodenfallen eines benachbarten Auwaldes von Juni bis Oktober 2004 ausgewertet, die zusätzliche Daten zur Phänologie einiger stenochroner Arten erbrachten. Biotopansprüche, Vikarianzen und Konkurrenzvermeidung werden diskutiert.
From the beginning of May 2005 to September 2007 the pseudoscorpion fauna in a hardwood floodplain forest of the Rhine valley near Ingelheim was investigated. Altogether 587 individuals representing two species from two families were captured using pitfall traps, trunk eclectors and by litter sieving. The warm, dry winter 2006/2007 exhibited a strong influence upon the activity of Neobisium carcinoides (Hermann, 1804). This winter event was followed by an extreme drought in April 2007, which affected the activity maximum of the corticolous species Chernes hahnii (C.L. Koch, 1839). In 2005 and 2006 the activity maximum of C. hahnii was observed in July, whereas in 2007 maturity was achieved earlier in May. Furthermore 31 individuals of N. carcinoides were captured in trunk eclectors. This climbing behaviour correlates with the presence of Lepidocyrtus lignorum (Collembola: Entomobryidae) on the trunks.
Keywords: activity, Collembola, drought, false scorpions, Germany, prey capture
Defensive decision making occurs when the decision-maker does not choose the option that is in the best interest of an organization or client but instead chooses a less effective but lower risk alternative that protects him or her in case something goes wrong. Such decisions are widespread across occupations and sectors and cause substantive damage to organizations. In a first step, we developed a scale to measure defensive decision making and test its validity. The scale covers two distinct but related dimensions: avoidance and approach. In a subsequent, two-wave study, we examined the antecedents of defensive decision making using conservation of resources theory as a theoretical lens. An environment characterized by higher psychological safety can reduce resource depletion and diminishes defensive decision making. In contrast, job insecurity can result in a threat to personal resources, which increases the likelihood that employees choose defensive decisions.
Practitioners points:
People engage in defensive decision making as a means to protect their own resources from exhaustion.
Organizations can reduce the number of defensive decisions by enhancing situational resources such as psychological safety.
The short and preliminarily validated scale we developed can be used to make defensive decisions visible in organizations.
This article shows how the genre Bildungsroman (self-development novel) has been assimilated to the Brazilian literary tradition. Through the examples of Cristina Ferreira Pinto's "O 'Bildungsroman' feminino" ("The female novel of development") and Eduardo de Assis Duarte's "Jorge Amado e o 'Bildungsroman' proletário" ("Jorge Amado and the proletarian novel of development"), this article focuses the dynamic process by means of which a typical European genre has been assimilated by a young South-American literary tradition.
A multi-part theorem is presented concerning the morphogenesis of high-symmetry structures made of three-dimensional morphological units (MU's) free to move on the surface of a sphere. All parts of each MU interact non-specifically with the remainder of the structure, via an isotropic function of distance. Summing all interactions gives a net figure of merit, X, that depends upon MU positions and orientations. The structure evolves via gradient dynamics, each MU moving down the local gradient of I. The analysis is reresented with generality in Fourier space, which eases the expression of symmetry. Structures near symmetry, but far from a local minimum of I, are analyzed. For each, a symmetrical configuration can be found, for which X is an extremum with respect to symmetry-breaking perturbations. Under gradient dynamics, a quadratic measure of such deviations from symmetry decreases monotonically, anywhere in the large basin of attraction of a local minimum. Thus: high symmetry is an attractor. Application is made to icosahedral virus capsids. The Symmetrization Theorem shows that a stable capsid, maintained by non-specific interactions among its capsomeres, could arise generically in a "bottom-up" process. For animated evolutions that selfassemble into high symmetry, visit http://www.albany.edu/~cmarzec/
The endemic argan woodlands cover large parts of South Morocco and create a characteristic landscape with areas of sparsely vegetated and bare soil surfaces between single trees. This unique ecosystem has been under extensive agrosilvopastoral management for centuries and is now at risk of degradation caused by overgrazing and increasing scarcity and variability of rainfall.
To investigate susceptibility to wind erosion, we conducted an experimental–empirical study including wind tunnel tests and a drone‐generated digital elevation model and quantified wind‐erodible material on five different associated surface types by means of sediment catchers. The highest emission flux was measured on freshly ploughed surfaces (1875 g m–2 h–1), while older ploughed areas with a re‐established crust produced a much lower emission flux (795 g m–2 h–1). Extensive tillage may have been a sustainable practice for generations, but increasing drought and uncertainty of rainfall now lead to an acute risk of severe soil erosion and dust production. The typical crusted surfaces characterized by residual rock fragment accumulation and wash processes produced the second highest emission flux (1,354 g m–2 h–1). Material collected from tree‐shaded areas (933 g m–2 h–1) was revealed to be a considerable source of organic material, possibly affecting substrate conditions positively on a larger regional scale. The lowest flux was measured on rock fragment‐covered surfaces (301 g m–2 h–1).
The data show that open argan woodland may be a considerable source for wind erosion and dust production, depending on surface characteristics strongly related to management. An adapted management must include the conservation of argan trees to offer a promising approach to prevent severe wind erosion and dust production and mitigate possible impacts of land‐use change and climate change related shifts in wind and rainfall patterns.
Los campañas de 2006, 2007 y 2008 en Alcorrín han puesto de manifiesto la importancia del lugar para los primeros contactos entre fenicios e indígenas en el extremo occidental de la provincia de Málaga, que las dataciones radiométricas han situado en la segunda mitad del siglo IX a.C. Este proyecto ha permitido documentar una imponente fortificación del Bronce Final, conocida con anterioridad sólo a nivel superficial. La realización de prospecciones geofísicas nos revela un incipiente urbanismo que irá siendo conocido en detalle en futuras actuaciones. Estos trabajos se han completado con la excavación de un edificio singular, de planta cuadrangular y compartimentada, con un pavimento de conchas en su acceso. Entre los materiales, escasos y mayoritariamente consistentes en cerámica a mano, cabe señalar la presencia de dos grafitos fenicios sobre cerámica.
Can reenactments be a way to create counter-narratives in and for the museum? Through the analysis of political performance (or what the artist Tania Bruguera calls 'political-timing-specific' artworks), this essay discusses the potential of reenactment as both a practice of materializing memories and narratives of oppression and of rethinking museum policies in terms of preservation and display. Its main argument is that, while the archive can be regarded as a form of materializing the memory of these works, reenactment is more than a way of recovering the past; it is also a device for reconstructing memories of activism and oppression. This essay further suggests that reenactments of political-timing-specific works demand a change in accessioning, conservation, and presentation practices, which might be inclined to erase decentralized art-historical and material narratives.
Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular disease worldwide. With transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) being increasingly expanded to lower-risk populations, several challenging issues remain to be solved. The present review aims at discussing modern approaches to such issues as well as the current status of TAVR. TAVR has undergone several developments in the recent years: an increased use of transfemoral access, the development of prostheses in order to adapt to challenging anatomies, improved delivery systems with repositioning features, and outer skirts aiming at reducing paravalvular leak. The indication of TAVR is increasingly being expanded to patients with lower surgical risk. The main clinical trials supporting such expansion are reviewed and the latest data on low-risk patients are discussed. A number of challenges need still to be addressed and are also reviewed in this paper: the need for updated international guidelines including the latest evidence; a reduction of main complications such as permanent pacemaker implantation, paravalvular leak, and stroke (and its potential prevention by using anti-embolic protection devices); the appropriate role of TAVR in patients with concomitant cardiac ischemic disease; and durability of bio-prosthetic implanted valves. Finally, the future perspectives for TAVR use and next device developments are discussed.
Background: Both EPO levels and anemia have shown prognostic value in several cardiac disorders. An observational study with a prospective follow-up was performed to investigate their independent prognostic roles in severe aortic stenosis. Methods: An up to 36-month follow-up of consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing TAVR in a high-volume center was performed. Patients with eGRF <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 were excluded. EPO levels and/or anemia status and its association with mid-term mortality were assessed. Results: Out of 407, 360 met eligibility criteria. Median age was 83 years, with 71.4% having a NYHA class III/IV. Anemia was present in 51.9%, and iron deficiency in 52.8%. Median (IQR) EPO levels were 14.4 (9.30–24.30) mIU/mL. Median follow-up was 566 days. Anemia was associated with overall mortality (HR 2.40, 95% CI 1.51–3.80, p < 0.001). Higher logEPO levels were associated with mid-term mortality (HR 4.05, 95% CI 2.29–7.16, p < 0.001), even after adjusting for clinically and/or statistically relevant factors (multivariate HR 2.25, 95 CI 1.09–4.66, p = 0.029). Kaplan-Meier analyses showed early diverging curves for anemia vs. non-anemia, whereas curves for patients in various EPO level quartiles started to diverge at about 100 days, with differences consistently increasing during the subsequent entire follow-up period. Conclusions: Differently from anemia, which was a strong predictor for both early and late mortality in severe aortic stenosis after TAVR, independent prognostic value of EPO only emerged after post-TAVR recovery. EPO prognostic value was independent from anemia and mild-to-moderate renal dysfunction. High EPO levels could be useful to identify patients with severe aortic stenosis showing a compromised mid-term survival in spite of TAVR use and independently from early TAVR results.
We performed an intercomparison of river discharge regulated by dams under four meteorological forcings among five global hydrological models for a historical period by simulation. This is the first global multimodel intercomparison study on dam-regulated river flow. Although the simulations were conducted globally, the Missouri–Mississippi and Green–Colorado Rivers were chosen as case-study sites in this study. The hydrological models incorporate generic schemes of dam operation, not specific to a certain dam. We examined river discharge on a longitudinal section of river channels to investigate the effects of dams on simulated discharge, especially at the seasonal time scale. We found that the magnitude of dam regulation differed considerably among the hydrological models. The difference was attributable not only to dam operation schemes but also to the magnitude of simulated river discharge flowing into dams. That is, although a similar algorithm of dam operation schemes was incorporated in different hydrological models, the magnitude of dam regulation substantially differed among the models. Intermodel discrepancies tended to decrease toward the lower reaches of these river basins, which means model dependence is less significant toward lower reaches. These case-study results imply that, intermodel comparisons of river discharge should be made at different locations along the river's course to critically examine the performance of hydrological models because the performance can vary with the locations.
Im Folgenden versuche ich auf einige relevante Triebkräfte aufmerksam zu machen, die in den Mischungsprozessen in den Inselmundarten der frühneuhochdeutschen Zeit in Mähren wirksam wurden. In diesem Zusammenhang ist noch darauf hinzuweisen, was bereits implizit angedeutet wurde, dass sich die Tendenzen zur Mischung in Mähren auch deswegen etwas anders gestalten als im Binnenland, weil es sich um eine Sprachinselproblematik handelt. […] Vorausschicken möchte ich allerdings noch zwei Bemerkungen: 1. Ich konzentriere mich mehr auf die Triebkräfte der Mischung als auf das – wenn auch sprachtheoretisch sehr wichtige, so doch sehr komplizierte – Verhältnis zwischen der Mischung und dem Sprachausgleich und 2. stehen in meinen Ausführungen mehr sprachexterne als sprachinterne Motivationen im Vordergrund.
A different take on knowledge, history, and totalization is presented in Jamila Mascat's essay 'Hegel and the Ad-venture of the Totality', which aims at exploring the controversial notion of the Hegelian totality. Countering Louis Althusser's critique of Hegel's 'expressive totality', where every part is thought to expresses the whole, it proposes to consider such a speculative figure as a temporalizing instance situated at the entanglement of Knowing and History. Firstly, it illustrates the paradoxical inclination of Hegel's totality to being both complete and a never-ending task. Secondly, it analyses the accomplishment of totality at the peak of the Science of Logic, focusing on the temporal circularity of the Concept ('Begriff'). Thirdly, drawing on the readings of Alexandre Koyré, Alexandre Kojève, and Jean Hyppolite, the essay illustrates the peculiar relation between becoming and eternity that is located at the heart of Hegel's conception of time. Finally, it approaches the last section of the "Phenomenology of Spirit" devoted to Absolute Knowing in order to highlight the twofold movement of seizure ('Begreifen') and release ('Entlassen') that characterizes the activity of the Spirit and that is constitutive of the contingent ad-venture of the totality as a philosophical achievement. In other words, it is by embracing contingency as its limit that Absolute Knowing reaffirms the status of its absoluteness precisely because of its capacity to sacrifice itself and let it go. Critically engaging with Catherine Malabou's reading of plasticity in Hegel, Mascat highlights that Absolute Knowing is a process of totalization that entails cuts and interruptions. The essay shows that the Hegelian totality may be interpreted and actualized as a theoretical construct densely charged with temporal and historical implications: on the one hand, totality expresses a timely standpoint for thought - the standpoint of Hegel's age, which is, as claimed by the philosopher at the end of his "Lectures on the History of Philosophy", 'for the time being completed', as well as the standpoint of the present time to be speculatively accomplished; on the other hand, Hegel's idea of a speculative totalization sets for the philosophies yet to come the never-ending task of constituting and re-constituting wholes.
Welche Formen der menschlichen Interaktion können für das demokratische Athen des 5. und 4. Jhs. v. Chr. rekonstruiert werden und in welche normativen Konzepte und sozialen Regelwerke waren sie eingebettet? Der von Christian Mann, Matthias Haake und Ralf von den Hoff herausgegebene Sammelband behandelt diese Fragestellungen auf einer interdisziplinären Ebene und beinhaltet die Beiträge zu einer altertumswissenschaftlichen Tagung, die im November 2006 an der Universität Freiburg im Breisgau veranstaltet wurde. Wie bei Tagungsbänden üblich stellt sich auch hier für den Rezensenten bereits beim Blick auf das Frontispiz die zentrale Frage: Fügen sich die einzelnen Beiträge sinnvoll in das übergeordnete Konzept und in den bereits im Titel angekündigten methodischen Rahmen? Inwiefern wurde also im vorliegenden Fall den Fragen nach "Rollenbildern" nachgegangen, und welche konzeptuellen Entwürfe werden von den jeweiligen Autoren angeboten, um die programmatischen Begriffe "Medien", "Gruppen" und "Räume" jeweils einzeln, aber auch in ihren Beziehungen zueinander zu fassen? ...
Das in der von KAI BRODERSEN, UWE A. OSTER, THOMAS SCHARFF und UTE SCHNEIDER herausgegebenen Reihe „Geschichte erzählt“ erschienene Werk erhebt bereits in der Einleitung (7-8) keinen geringen Anspruch: Einerseits will THOMAS GANSCHOW (fortan: G.) mit Blick auf verschiedene Aspekte kriegerischer Auseinandersetzungen in die Welt der Antike einführen. Zum anderen geht es ihm darum, „den Leser mit der Kriegspropaganda vergangener Zeiten vertraut [zu] machen und zum Nachdenken an[zu]regen, ob uns das Feindbild, das die Griechen und Römer von ihren Gegnern entwarfen, nicht irgendwie vertraut vorkommt“ (8). Dieses Ziel versucht G. in vier nur lose miteinander vernetzten thematischen Blöcken (10-48: „Feindbilder“; 50-106: „Vom mythischen Helden zur Berufsarmee“; 108-126: „Götter und Gesetze“; 128-153: „Der Preis des Krieges“) zu erreichen. Dabei richtet er sich, ganz offensichtlich auch den Zielvorstellungen der Gesamtreihe verpflichtet, an einen weiteren Kreis allgemein geschichtsinteressierter Leser. Da G. im Zuge seiner Darstellung jedoch naturgemäß auch aktuelle Fragestellungen der antiken Militär- und Kulturgeschichte sowie der bildwissenschaftlich orientierten Klassischen Archäologie berührt, soll sein ambitioniertes Projekt hier im Detail gewürdigt werden.
Signal-dependent regulation of actin dynamics is essential for many cellular processes, including directional cell migration. In particular, cell migration is initiated by lamellipodia, actin-based protrusions of the plasma membrane. The formation of these protruding structures require incessant assembly and disassembly of actin filaments. The Arp2/3 complex and WAVE proteins are essential for both lamellipodium formation and its dynamics. WAVEs mediate the activation of the Arp2/3 complex downstream of the small GTPase Rac, thus being critical for Rac- and RTK-induced actin polymerization and cell migration. The WAVE-family proteins are always found associated with multiprotein complexes. The most abundant WAVE-based complex is referred to as the WANP (WAVE2-Abi-1-Nap1-PIR121) complex. IQGAP1 is a huge scaffolding protein with multiple protein-interacting domains. IQGAP1 participates in many fundamental activities, including regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, mitogenic, adhesive and migratory responses, as well as in cell polarity and cellular trafficking. IQGAP1 binds to N-WASP, thus raising the possibility that it might control actin nucleation by the Arp2/3 complex. In this study, IQGAP1 was found co-immunoprecipitated not only with WAVE, but also with the endogenous WANP-complex subunits. Correspondingly, IQGAP1 associated to both anti-WAVE and anti-Abi-1 immuno-complexes. Pull-down experiments proved that IQGAP1 binds directly to the WANP-complex subunits. Physical interaction between IQGAP1 and the reconstituted WANP complex could also be demonstrated. Together, these data indicate that IQGAP1 is an accessory component of the WANP complex. Interestingly, the IQGAP-WANP complex disassembled after either EGF stimulation or transfection with constitutively active Cdc42 and Rac1. HeLa cells devoid of IQGAP1 showed diminished and less persistent ruffling upon EGF, but not HGF, stimulation in comparison with the control. This phenotype was accompanied by a strong reduction in chemotaxis towards both growth factors, which was as dramatic as in WANP-complex knockdown (KD) cells. Moreover, GM130 and Giantin showed a polarized and flat ribbon-like pattern in control cells, as it is expected for cis- and cis/medial-Golgi markers. Conversely, small and dispersed vesicular structures were found in both IQGAP1 KD and WANP-complex KD cells. Importantly, Arp2/3-complex silencing resulted in the same phenotypes. Consistently, Brefeldin A-induced disassembly of the Golgi strongly inhibited the IQGAP1-WANP-complex interaction and chemotaxis towards EGF in wild-type cells. The re-expression of an RNAi-resistant wild-type IQGAP1 in IQGAP1 KD cells fully rescued both the ruffling abilities and Golgi structure. A constitutively active mutant, unable to bind to neither Rac1 /Cdc42 nor the WANP complex, could reconstitute only the former defect. Hence, this study shows that actin dynamics regulated by the IQGAP1-WANP complex controls Golgi-apparatus architecture and its contribution to cell chemotaxis. The working model here proposes that at the Golgi apparatus, recruitment of the WANP complex by IQGAP1 leads to the assembly of actin filaments required to maintain the appropriated Golgi morphology. The dissociation of the complex may be required to allow the remodeling of the Golgi membranes in order to respond following a chemoattractant gradient.
Projekt MIGMENTO startet : erstes Mentoring-Programm für Studierende mit Migrationshintergrund
(2010)
Coachella
(2009)
Das Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival ist eines der größten und beliebtesten Musikfestivals der Vereinigten Staaten. Es findet seit 1999 jährlich (bis auf das Jahr 2000, als es aus Finanzierungsproblemen ausfallen musste) auf dem Gelände des Empire Polo Club in Indio (Kalifornien) statt und erreicht mittlerweile eine Größe von 100.000 Besuchern. Auf mehreren Bühnen treten an zwei bis drei Tagen internationale Bands aus den verschiedensten Musikgenres auf, von HipHop über Indie-Rock bis hin zu Electro. Auch der Bekanntheitsgrad der auftretenden Künstler rangiert von Newcomern hin zu internationalen Top Acts wie Coldplay, den Red Hot Chili Peppers oder Oasis. Außerdem präsentieren Künstler auf dem Festivalgelände zahlreiche Skulpturen und Installationen.
This paper deals with German 'wobei'-clauses and their Italian counterparts. Based on a corpus study of administrative texts, we identify the type and frequency of the Italian constructions that correspond to 'wobei'-clauses. In particular, we will assess to what extent the Italian converb construction gerundio correlates with 'wobei'-clauses. More specifically, we will focus on the thesis put forward by Haspelmath (1995) and Breindl (2014), according to which comitativity is expressed by converb constructions when it applies to state of affairs.
In May 2018, 34 dragonfly species were recorded on Wolin (21), Usedom (30) and the adjacent mainland (21). The most frequent spring species in the area were Coenagrion puella, Libellula quadrimaculata, C. pulchellum, Ischnura elegans, Erythromma najas, Brachytron pratense and Cordulia aenea. C. lunulatum and Calopteryx virgo were recorded for the first time on Usedom, while Anax parthenope, Libellula fulva and Leucorrhinia caudalis were recorded for the first time on Wolin. The occurrence of Coenagrion armatum, which had been recorded in 2016 on Usedom, could not be confirmed.
The quantitative results of the survey are given for different types of water bodies (ditches, pools, ponds, lakes, bog lakes). The average number of species per water body was highest in bog lakes (7.5) and lowest (3.4) in temporary pools. In comparison to older studies from the area, the flight season started 13.7 days earlier in 2018 than in years documented prior to 1989. This might be explained by climatic changes. The species composition, however, has remained rather stable – at least on Usedom and the mainland. On Wolin, climatic factors as well as habitat loss and transformation have led to a species composition that is different from the one recorded in the first half of the 1970s.
Extreme nouns and maximizers
(2018)
Maximizers (completamente ‘completely’, totalmente ‘totally’) are degree modifiers restricted to maximum standard adjectives. Spanish adjectives of completeness [ACs] (completo ‘complete’, total ‘total’) display a behavior similar to that of their adverbial counterparts when they combine with nouns like idiot. This paper argues that ACs are maximality modifiers of idiot-like nouns, which are defended to be gradable and denote extreme degrees of properties.
Establishing a parallelism between adverbs and adjectives of completeness allows us to explore scalarity across categories and the relevance of scale structure in the nominal domain.
In response to the question "What is the nature of a philological practice that seeks to establish a spatial relationship between text and reader?" this essay compares the philologist Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht's contemporary account of aesthetic experience with the school of Empathy Aesthetics in the late nineteenth century with respect to the manner each emphasizes the spatial qualities of that relationship. Although employing different conceptual repertoires, both assert that the desire of an aesthetic recipient to be in the spatial vicinity of the object and experience the presence of the object with and upon his own body motivates an aesthetic experience, including the work of the philologist. Gumbrecht and the empathy aesthetician Robert Vischer characterize the desire to stand in a spatial relationship to the aesthetic object as the desire to be subsumed thereby, a characterization which entails the negation of the original philological standpoint.
Alexander’s theory of the civil sphere can be placed in the context of development of sociology of law. However, Alexander draws not so much on sociological theories but rather on the approaches of philosophy of law, particularly the ideas of Fuller, Dworkin and Habermas. The civil sphere is presented by Alexander as the embodiment of Dworkin’s principal integrity. Locating law within civil morality Alexander reveals the similarity of his viewpoint to Dworkin’s position. Drawing on Fuller’s works Alexander singles out the procedural foundations of the democratic order. At the same time for Alexander the source of morality of law is not the legal system itself but a certain level of civil solidarity. Like Habermas, Alexander emphasizes the culturally embedded character of the legal norms. Alexander shares Habermas’s understanding of law as a regulative mechanism affecting all spheres of social life. However, Habermas is more sensitive to the danger of colonization of law by the imperatives of the economic and political subsystems. Alexander’s approach can be contrasted with Luhmann’s sociological theory of law. Alexander concentrates on interrelation and mutual penetration of the civil sphere and law while Luhmann regards law as an autonomous system following its own logic. While Alexander claims that his theory is rooted both in sociology and philosophy of law in fact his approach is closer to normative philosophy.
The oeuvre of contemporary Japanese photographer Rinko Kawauchi is characterized by an approach that gives precedence to process over product and combines conceptual art with vernacular traditions, making her pictures happily imperfect. Starting with Kawauchi's transmedial concept of the image, often positioned between word and image and mainly materialized through photo books, I propose that Kawauchi's photographs are imperfect thanks to her experimentation with technical mistakes, the vernacular subject-matter of everyday snapshots, seriality, sequencing, and format variation, elliptical visibility, the aesthetics of color, and a non-linear temporality. Imperfection, furthermore, emphasizes the materiality of the medium, and removes photography from the referent-centered documentary domain by way of aesthetic, rather than semiotic, significance. Imperfection also activates different modes of reception, emphasizing emotional involvement and participant viewing.
Im Fachbereich der Computerlinguistik ist die automatische Generierung von Szenen aus, in natürlicher Sprache verfassten, Text seit bereits vielen Jahrzehnten ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Forschung, welche in der "Kunst", "Lehre" und "Robotik" Verwendung finden. Mit Hilfe von neuen Technologien im Bereich der Künstlichen Intelligenzen (KI), werden neue Entwicklungen möglich, welche diese Generierungen vereinfachen, allerdings auch undurchsichtige interne vom Modell getroffene Entscheidungen fördern.
Ziel der vorgeschlagenen Lösung „ARES: Annotation von Relationen und Eigenschaften zur Szenengenerierung“ ist es, ein modulares System zu entwerfen, wobei einzelne Prozesse für den Benutzer verständlich bleiben. Außerdem sollen Möglichkeiten geboten werden, neue Entitäten und Relationen, welche über die Textanalyse bereitgestellt werden, auch in die Szenengenerierung im dreidimensionalen Raum einzupflegen, ohne dass hierfür Code zwingend notwendig wird.
Der Fokus liegt auf der syntaktisch korrekten Darstellung der Elemente im Raum. Dagegen lässt sich die semantische Korrektheit durch weitere manuelle Anpassungen, welche für spätere Generierungen gespeichert werden erhöhen. Letztlich soll die Menge der zur Darstellung benötigten Annotationen möglichst gering bleiben und neue szenenbezogene Annotationen durch die implementierten Annotationstools hinzugefügt werden.
Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug in the world. However due to a changing legal landscape, and rising interest in therapeutic utility, there is an increasing trend in (long-term) use and possibly, cannabis impairment. Importantly, a growing body of evidence suggests regular cannabis users develop tolerance to the impairing, as well as the rewarding, effects of the drug. However, the neuroadaptations that may underlie cannabis tolerance remain unclear. Therefore, this double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, cross-over study assessed the acute influence of cannabis on brain and behavioral outcomes in two distinct cannabis user groups. Twelve occasional (OUs) and 12 chronic (CUs) cannabis users received acute doses of cannabis (300 μg/kg THC) and placebo, and underwent ultra-high field functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). In OUs, cannabis induced significant neurometabolic alterations in reward circuitry, namely decrements in functional connectivity and increments in striatal glutamate concentrations, which were associated with increases in subjective high and decreases in performance on a sustained attention task. Such changes were absent in CUs. The finding that cannabis altered circuitry and distorted behavior in OUs, but not CUs, suggests reduced responsiveness of the reward circuitry to cannabis intoxication in chronic users Taken together, the results suggest a pharmacodynamic mechanism for the development of tolerance to cannabis impairment.
Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug in the world. However, because of a changing legal landscape and rising interest in therapeutic utility, there is an increasing trend in (long-term) use and possibly cannabis impairment. Importantly, a growing body of evidence suggests that regular cannabis users develop tolerance to the impairing, as well as the rewarding, effects of the drug. However, the neuroadaptations that may underlie cannabis tolerance remain unclear. Therefore, this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study assessed the acute influence of cannabis on the brain and behavioral outcomes in two distinct cannabis user groups. Twelve occasional and 12 chronic cannabis users received acute doses of cannabis (300-μg/kg delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and placebo and underwent ultrahigh field functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In occasional users, cannabis induced significant neurometabolic alterations in reward circuitry, namely, decrements in functional connectivity and increments in striatal glutamate concentrations, which were associated with increases in subjective high and decreases in performance on a sustained attention task. Such changes were absent in chronic users. The finding that cannabis altered circuitry and distorted behavior in occasional, but not chronic users, suggests reduced responsiveness of the reward circuitry to cannabis intoxication in chronic users. Taken together, the results suggest a pharmacodynamic mechanism for the development of tolerance to cannabis impairment, of which is important to understand in the context of the long-term therapeutic use of cannabis-based medications, as well as in the context of public health and safety of cannabis use when performing day-to-day operations.
After the mass-vaccination campaign during the influenza A (H1N1) 2009 pandemic, a significant increase in narcolepsy incidence was observed initially in Scandinavia, later in other European countries and recently also in Canada. Narcolepsy is a sleep disease caused by the loss of hypocretin-producing cells in the hypothalamus. Almost all narcolepsy patients carry the HLA-DQB1*0602 allele, giving a link to an autoimmune-mediated process.
Most of the observed narcolepsy cases were correlated to the vaccination with Pandemrix, the most frequently used vaccine in the EU, and a slight connection to Arepanrix was also detected, which was distributed in Canada. Both vaccines were adjuvanted with AS03, suggesting a possible link between AS03 and narcolepsy. No narcolepsy cases were detected with MF59-adjuvanted or non-adjuvanted influenza vaccines. Recent studies reported differences between Pandemrix and Arepanrix and suggested the vaccine rather than the adjuvant as a suspect for narcolepsy development following vaccination. In addition, in China an increase of narcolepsy cases was reported to occur in absence of vaccination. Possible factors and potential additive effects that may have triggered narcolepsy after the pandemic vaccination are being reviewed in this paper.
Die 2-DE-Technik wurde in der Mitte der 70er Jahre von O` Farrelle und Klose vorgestellt, die schon damals die Inhalte ganzer Zellen unter denaturierenden Bedingungen in hunderte bzw. tausende Proteinspots auftrennen konnten. Mangelnde Reproduzierbarkeit und fehlende Auswertungsmöglichkeiten verhinderten jedoch zu diesem Zeitpunkt eine breite Anwendung und damit größeres Interesse an der Methode. In den 80er Jahren erreichte die Methode mit der Einführung immobilisierter pH-Gradienten und der MALDI-Massenspektrometrie einen entscheidenden Wendepunkt. Seit dem Ende der 80er Jahren wird die Methode aufgrund der Möglichkeit der gleichzeitigen Proteinidentifizierung und Quantifizierung auch zunehmend in der Krebsforschung in der Suche nach neuen Markerproteinen eingesetzt. Das Uterusgewebe ist ein Organ, das während der reproduktiven Phase im Leben einer Frau ständig zyklisch verlaufenden physiologischen Änderungen unterworfen ist. Das Leiomyom, ein gutartiger monoklonaler Tumor aus den glatten Muskelzellen des menschlichen Uterus, ist eine der häufigsten gynäkologischen Erkrankung in der westlichen Welt, über deren Ursachen trotz intensiver Forschung nach wie vor fast nichts bekannt ist. Die 2-DE-Technik eignet sich in hervorragender Weise zur Untersuchung derartiger Abweichungen in der Proteinexpression während eines Krankheitsprozesses. Bezüglich der Methodenetablierung und ihrer Reproduzierbarkeit im speziellen Fall des Uterusgewebes bildet der Zellaufschluss der Probe, insbesondre aus harten Geweben, einen zentralen Punkt in der Erarbeitung der Methodik der 2-DE, da ein hohes Risiko besteht, einen großen Teil der Proteine schon während der ersten Probenbearbeitung zu verlieren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde eine neue Aufschlussmethode für die Aufarbeitung des zähen Muskelgewebes ohne größere Proteinverluste entwickelt, indem das Uterusgewebe zunächst mechanisch (Ultra-Turrax) und anschließend mit Ultraschall homogenisiert wird. Die Solubilisierung der Proteinprobe bildet den zweiten wichtigen Punkt der 2-DE-Methodik. Die Solubilisierung während der Proteinextraktion und des Eintritts der Proteinprobe in die fokussierende Gel-Matrix, die aufgetragene Proteinmenge, die Fokussierungsparameter und die zweite Dimension wurde so optimiert, dass die Proteinauflösung eine konstant hohe Qualität auf den Gelen erreichte und damit eine semiquantitative Auswertbarkeit gesichert wurde. Bezüglich der Reproduzierbarkeit der Methode wurden die methodeninhärenten Probleme wie Gelfärbung, Probenpräparation und Auswertungsverfahren untersucht. Die Methodenvalidierung bezüglich der Gelfärbung zeigte, inwieweit die Auswertung, insbesondre bei schwachen Spots, beeinflusst werden kann. Im allgemeinen wurde die angewendete 2-DE-Technik für die Proteinanalyse des Uterus für gut reproduzierbar gefunden. Die Bestimmung der HKP lieferte die Grundlage einer gewebetypischen Proteindatenbank und erlaubt es außerdem, über die Gele ein Koordinationssystem zu legen, mit dem nachfolgende Proteinidentifizierungen erleichtert werden können. In dieser Arbeit konnten 48 Spots als HKP identifiziert werden. Als thematischer Schwerpunkt der Dissertation wurden die Abweichungen der Proteinexpression im Fall des Uterus myomatosus im Vergleich zu einem Kollektiv ohne muskuläre Pathologie des Uterus untersucht. Die Analyse der 2-DE von Patientenproben ergab gegenüber einer schwachen Expression bei den Vergleichsproben eine Überexpression von Prohibitin (PHB1), alpha-2-Aktin und human Growth Hormon Rezeptorprotein (hGhRP) im Endometrium bzw. im darunter liegenden subendometrialen Myometrium und eine hohe Expression im Tumorgewebe (Myomgewebe). Weiteres zeigte die 2-DE-Analyse bei Patientenproben eine Downregulation von zwei Proteinen (beta-4-Proteasom und Fibrinogen) im Gegensatz zur Expression bei den Gesunden. Die analytischen Ergebnisse aus Tumorgeweben verglichen mit den SE-und SS-Geweben derselben Patientinnen zeigten eine deutliche Expression von einigen Proteinen (Desmin, F-Actin, Transaldolase, Thioredoxin-Peroxidase und mutative Glutathion-Transferase), deren Expression in den morphologisch unauffälligen Geweben aller Schichten des Uterus nicht zu beobachten war.
Adolf Ellissen (1815-1872) hat Montesquieus "Esprit des Lois", der 1748 in Genf erschienen war, in den Jahren 1843-1844 ins Deutsche übertragen, als sich in seiner Heimat Hannover die 'schwärzeste Reaktion' erhoben hatte. Konnte er damit das Denken der Aufklärung in die demokratischen Bemühungen des 19. Jahrhunderts übertragen? Gibt es Ideen aus dem achtzehnten Jahrhundert, die immer wieder und auch lange noch nach dem ehrenvollen Scheitern des Frankfurter Projekts Kontroversen in der politischen Welt auslösten, weil sie von seinerzeit Gedachtem und Geschriebenem auf Unerwartetes und Ungedachtes führten?
Zwischen Animismus und Computeranimation : das Unheimliche als Unbegriff im 20. und 21. Jahrhundert
(2011)
In ihrer ausführlichen Einführung in die Thematik des Bandes widmet sich Anneleen Masschelein den divergenten Konzeptualisierungen des Unheimlichen nach Freud. Quer durch unterschiedliche Disziplinen zeichnet sie die uneinheitlichen 'Wucherungen' des Begriffs bis in die Gegenwart nach. Das Unheimliche, so ihre zentrale These, ist als Konzept weniger das Ergebnis einer organischen Entwicklung, sondern je Resultat ihm aufgepfropfter heterogener Bedeutungen und Theorien. Diese Ambivalenz hat dem Begriff einerseits permanente Infragestellungen eingetragen, weil sie zu Denkansätzen geführt hat, die sich sehr weit von Freud entfernten. Andererseits ist diese Offenheit seine Stärke, weil sie zu fortwährenden Aktualisierungen Anlass gegeben hat. Masschelein geht diesen historischen Neubestimmungen des Unheimlichen, insbesondere seinem Verhältnis zum Belebten und Unbelebten nach. Sie erörtert, wie es sich vom Animismus am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts bis zu Robotik, Virtueller Realität und Computeranimation im 21. Jahrhundert konzeptuell transformiert hat.
In this article, the video demonstrated is an example of a 76-year-old male patient who presented with recurrent intestinal bleeding of unknown origin at the university hospital. Previously performed upper and lower gastrointestinal tract endoscopy did not reveal a bleeding lesion. Capsule endoscopy revealed small-bowel angiectasia that were treated by argon plasma coagulation at subsequent balloon enteroscopy. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.
I present a new business cycle model in which decision making follows a simple mental process motivated by neuroeconomics. Decision makers first compute the value of two different options and then choose the option that offers the highest value, but with errors. The resulting model is highly tractable and intuitive. A demand function in level replaces the traditional Euler equation. As a result, even liquid consumers can have a large marginal propensity to consume. The interest rate affects consumption through the cost of borrowing and not through intertemporal substitution. I discuss the implications for stimulus policies.
Depressed demand and supply
(2019)
We investigate the implications of experienced-based learning on consumption-saving and labor supply, two fundamental decisions in business cycle models. Using the Dutch Household Survey, we find that individuals who have experienced higher national unemployment rates over their lifetime save more, borrow less, and work less, after controlling for aggregate shocks, income, wealth, and demographics. Possibly explaining these behavioral responses, these individuals find it more important to save for retirement and to cover unexpected expenses, are more worried about losing their job, and dislike their job more. These results have implications for business cycle models and stabilization policies.
This paper presents new evidence on the expectation formation process of firms from a survey of the German manufacturing sector. It focuses on the expectation about their future business conditions, which enters the widely followed economic sentiment index and which is an important determinant of their employment and investment decisions. We find that firms extrapolate their experience too much and make predictable forecasting errors. Moreover, firms do not seem to anticipate the upcoming reversals of business cycle peaks and troughs which causes suboptimal adjustment of investment and employment and affects their inventories and profits. However, the impact on expectation errors decreases with the size and the age of the firm as firms learn to reduce their extrapolation bias over time.
This paper presents new evidence on the expectation formation process from a Dutch household survey. Households become too optimistic about their future income after their income has improved, consistent with the over-extrapolation of their experience. We show that this effect of experience is persistent and that households over-extrapolate income losses more than income gains. Furthermore, older households over-extrapolate more, suggesting that they did not learn over time to form more accurate expectations. Finally, we study the relationship between expectation errors and consumption. We find that more over-optimistic households intend to consume more and subsequently report higher consumption, even though they do not consume as much as they intended to. These results suggests that overextrapolation hurts consumers and amplify business cycles.