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A new species of verrucid barnacle, Gibbosaverruca weijiai sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on specimens collected from a deep-sea seamount, Weijia Guyot, in the West Pacific. This is the third barnacle species reported from Weijia Guyot. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by its extremely long caudal appendage. In terms of shell morphology, G. weijiai sp. nov. is most similar to G. gibbosa and G. sulcata but differs from them by the intermediate articular ridges of its movable tergum and scutum, which are distinctly wider than the axial ridges. The COI and 16S rRNA sequences of the holotype of G. weijiai sp. nov. are presented to support future research, and a key to extant species of the genus Gibbosaverruca Young, 2002 is provided.
The actual prevalence and diversity of the elusive Asian ant genus Rhopalomastix Forel, 1900 in Southeast Asia are largely unknown; only two named species were previously known from Thailand. Following substantial newly-collected museum material made available, we used a combined approach based on morphology and complementary DNA evidence to revise the genus in Thailand. Specimens were sorted to putative species by objective clustering of short fragment (313 bp) COI barcodes, after which specimens of each molecular cluster were morphologically examined. With morphology and supporting genetic evidence, we recognize five species of Rhopalomastix in Thailand, including three species new to science: R. impithuksai Wang & Jaitrong sp. nov., R. parva Wang & Jaitrong sp. nov., and R. robusta Wang & Jaitrong sp. nov. Different castes and sexes are described for most species where available. Descriptions of the two extant described species – R. javana Wheeler, 1929 and R. johorensis Wheeler, 1929 – are also revised, taking into account observations from the additional material. A key to Thai species based on the worker caste, with the three new species included, is further provided.
Commonly reported as a household pest throughout the northern hemisphere, Willowsia nigromaculata (Lubbock) is among the most abundant and widely distributed springtails. However, taxonomic uncertainty due to incomplete morphological descriptions based on specimens from different continents may lead to incorrect identifications and/or prevent the recognition of distinct lineages within this morphospecies. Here, we perform the first comprehensive morphological and genetic comparison between W. nigromaculata specimens collected from North America and Europe. Morphological and genetic evidence reveals that populations in the United States and France represent two distinct nigromaculata-like species, but a phylogenetic analysis indicates both species may also be present in Canada. Based on these results, we redescribe W. nigromaculata from France, provide a description for Willowsia neonigromaculata sp. nov. from the United States, and propose new diagnostic characters for their separation, including the number of inner appendages on the maxillary sublobal plate. We also highlight the need for morphological and molecular investigations of additional populations to better understand the diversity and distribution of W. nigromaculata and related species.
All species of Odontoscelio Kieffer, 1905 are imaged, with keys provided to all known males and females in this genus. Two new species, O. agnieleae sp. nov. and O. spinosus sp. nov., are described from India. The generic concept of the genus Odontoscelio is discussed. The presence of axillular spines differentiates this genus from other teleasines such as Dvivarnus Rajmohana & Veenakumari, 2011, Gryonoides Dodd, 1920 and the Trimorus carus (Nixon, 1936) species group, which possess lateral mesoscutellar spines.
The Afrotropical scarab beetle genus Cerhomalus Quedenfeldt, 1884 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is revised. Two new species are described: C. quedenfeldti sp. nov. and C. petrovitzi sp. nov. A new combination, Cerhomalus absconditus (Petrovitz, 1971) comb. nov., is established. The genus occurs in Central and West Africa with the majority of records from the Congo Basin. Keys, descriptions, illustrations of habitus and male genitalia, and distributional record map are given.
The genus Onychelmis Hinton, 1941 was for a long time regarded as a small taxon with only three known species distributed in the Andes. A study of new material from Ecuador, using morphological and molecular data, has resulted in the discovery of five new species: Onychelmis lenkae sp. nov., O. lobata sp. nov., O. minor sp. nov., O. onorei sp. nov. and O. splendida sp. nov. We also revised the entire genus and redescribed the three known species, O. longicollis (Sharp, 1882), O. leleupi Delève, 1968 and O. whiteheadi Spangler & Santiago, 1991. Habitus photographs of adults are provided, together with line drawings of male and female genitalia, and schematic illustrations of the distribution of femoral tomentum for each species. DNA sequences for barcoding the COI mtDNA fragment were used to support species delimitation and to suggest possible relationships among species. The revision includes a key to adults of all species of Onychelmis and notes on the biogeography of the genus, with an updated distribution map.
The genus Chassalia (Gentianales: Rubiaceae-Palicoureeae) in Borneo is revised based on a morphological survey of herbarium specimens using classical taxonomic methods. The tribal placement and probable paraphyly of Chassalia as currently delimited is reviewed. Previously, four described species of Chassalia were known from Borneo, with only one endemic species, Chassalia psychotriformis I.M.Turner nom. nov. (≡ Cephaelis psychotrioides Valeton). A key is given to the 18 species of the genus recognised from Borneo in this study. In total, 14 new species are described, all of them endemic to Borneo. These are: Chassalia atropurpurea T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia beamanii T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia calamus T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia chewii T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia involucrata T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia kinabaluensis T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia lancifolia T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia lancifolioides T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia longipes T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia macrocarpa T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia muluensis T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia muscicola T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia northiana T.Y.Yu sp. nov. and Chassalia ramosa T.Y.Yu sp. nov. Circumscriptions and discussions are given for all Bornean species recognised. A morphological glossary for Asian species of Chassalia is provided. Three separate species groups are recognised, the Chassalia curviflora and C. javanica groups, represented by a single species each in Borneo, and a new informal group, the ‘Involucrate group’, which is proposed and circumscribed to encompass the majority (16) of the Bornean species. Proposals for further work on Asian Chassalia are given.
Organismic aging is known to be controlled by genetic and environmental traits. Pathways involved in the control of cellular metabolism play a crucial role. Previously, we identified a role of PaCLPP, a mitochondrial matrix protease, in the control of the mitochondrial energy metabolism, aging, and lifespan of the fungal aging model Podospora anserina. Most surprisingly, we made the counterintuitive observation that the ablation of this component of the mitochondrial quality control network leads to lifespan extension. In the current study, we investigated the role of energy metabolism of P. anserina. An age-dependent metabolome analysis of the wild type and a PaClpP deletion strain verified differences and changes of various metabolites in cultures of the PaClpP mutant and the wild type. Based on these data, we generated and analyzed a PaSnf1 deletion mutant and a ΔPaSnf1/ΔPaClpP double mutant. In both mutants PaSNF1, the catalytic α-subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is ablated. PaSNF1 was found to be required for the development of fruiting bodies and ascospores and the progeny of sexual reproduction of this ascomycete and impact mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy. Most interestingly, while the single PaSnf1 deletion mutant is characterized by a slight lifespan increase, simultaneous deletion of PaSnf1 and PaClpP leads to a pronounced lifespan extension. This synergistic effect is strongly reinforced in the presence of the mating-type “minus”-linked allele of the rmp1 gene. Compared to the wild type, culture temperature of 35°C instead of the standard laboratory temperature of 27°C leads to a short-lived phenotype of the ΔPaSnf1/ΔPaClpP double mutant. Overall, our study provides novel evidence for complex interactions of different molecular pathways involved in mitochondrial quality control, gene expression, and energy metabolism in the control of organismic aging.
Objective: To investigate temporal trends in prostate cancer (PCa) radical prostatectomy (RP) candidates.
Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent RP for PCa between January 2014 and December 2019 were identified form our institutional database. Trend analysis and logistic regression models assessed RP trends after stratification of PCa patients according to D'Amico classification and Gleason score. Patients with neoadjuvant androgen deprivation or radiotherapy prior to RP were excluded from the analysis.
Results: Overall, 528 PCa patients that underwent RP were identified. Temporal trend analysis revealed a significant decrease in low-risk PCa patients from 17 to 9% (EAPC: −14.6%, p < 0.05) and GS6 PCa patients from 30 to 14% (EAPC: −17.6%, p < 0.01). This remained significant even after multivariable adjustment [low-risk PCa: (OR): 0.85, p < 0.05 and GS6 PCa: (OR): 0.79, p < 0.001]. Furthermore, a trend toward a higher proportion of intermediate-risk PCa undergoing RP was recorded.
Conclusion: Our results confirm that inverse stage migration represents an ongoing phenomenon in a contemporary RP cohort in a European tertiary care PCa center. Our results demonstrate a significant decrease in the proportion of low-risk and GS6 PCa undergoing RP and a trend toward a higher proportion of intermediate-risk PCa patients undergoing RP. This indicates a more precise patient selection when it comes to selecting suitable candidates for definite surgical treatment with RP.
Objective: To investigate the value of standard [digital rectal examination (DRE), PSA] and advanced (mpMRI, prostate biopsy) clinical evaluation for prostate cancer (PCa) detection in contemporary patients with clinical bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) scheduled for Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP).
Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 397 patients, who were referred to our tertiary care laser center for HoLEP due to BOO between 11/2017 and 07/2020. Of those, 83 (20.7%) underwent further advanced clinical PCa evaluation with mpMRI and/or prostate biopsy due to elevated PSA and/or lowered PSA ratio and/or suspicious DRE. Logistic regression and binary regression tree models were applied to identify PCa in BOO patients.
Results: An mpMRI was conducted in 56 (66%) of 83 patients and revealed PIRADS 4/5 lesions in 14 (25%) patients. Subsequently, a combined systematic randomized and MRI-fusion biopsy was performed in 19 (23%) patients and revealed in PCa detection in four patients (5%). A randomized prostate biopsy was performed in 31 (37%) patients and revealed in PCa detection in three patients (4%). All seven patients (9%) with PCa detection underwent radical prostatectomy with 29% exhibiting non-organ confined disease. Incidental PCa after HoLEP (n = 76) was found in nine patients (12%) with advanced clinical PCa evaluation preoperatively. In univariable logistic regression analyses, PSA, fPSA ratio, and PSA density failed to identify patients with PCa detection. Conversely, patients with a lower International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and PIRADs 4/5 lesion in mpMRI were at higher risk for PCa detection. In multivariable adjusted analyses, PIRADS 4/5 lesions were confirmed as an independent risk factor (OR 9.91, p = 0.04), while IPSS did not reach significance (p = 0.052).
Conclusion: In advanced clinical PCa evaluation mpMRI should be considered in patients with elevated total PSA or low fPSA ratio scheduled for BOO treatment with HoLEP. Patients with low IPSS or PIRADS 4/5 lesions in mpMRI are at highest risk for PCa detection. In patients with a history of two or more sets of negative prostate biopsies, advanced clinical PCa evaluation might be omitted.