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In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir Entwicklungstendenzen von Infrastrukturen in den Digitalen Geisteswissenschaften. Wir argumentieren, dass infolge (1) der Verfügbarkeit von immer mehr Daten über sozial-semiotische Netzwerke, (2) der Methodeninflation in geisteswissenschaftlichen Disziplinen, (3) der zunehmend hybriden Arbeitsteilung zwischen Mensch und Maschine und (4) der explosionsartigen Vermehrung künstlicher Texte ein erheblicher Anpassungsdruck auf die Weiterentwicklung solcher Infrastrukturen entstanden ist. In diesem Zusammenhang beschreiben wir drei Informationssysteme, die sich unter anderem durch die Interaktionsmöglichkeiten unterscheiden, die sie ihren Nutzern bieten, um solchen Herausforderungen zu begegnen. Dabei skizzieren wir mit VienNA eine neuartige Architektur solcher Systeme, welche aufgrund ihrer Flexibilität die Möglichkeit bieten könnte, letztere Herausforderungen zu bewältigen.
Der Einsatz von Portfolios in der Hochschullehre hat in den letzten Jahren deutlich zugenommen, und es bieten sich vielfältige Einsatzmöglichkeiten. So kann das Portfolio als modul- oder fachübergreifendes Entwicklungsportfolio über die gesamte Studiendauer, zur Darstellung erworbener Kompetenzen, als Präsentationsportfolio im Rahmen einzelner Lehrveranstaltungen, aber auch als Bewertungsportfolio und damit als Prüfungsinstrument eingesetzt werden (vgl. Weber, Hehn-Oldiges, Vogel & Stehle, 2017; Hornung-Prähauser, Geser, Hilzensauer & Schaffert, 2007). Neben dem klassischen Papier-Portfolio wird in den letzten Jahren der Einsatz sog. ePortfolios immer interessanter. Bei dieser digitalen Variante erstellen die Studierenden ihre Einträge direkt im Internet. Neben schriftlichen Einträgen ist das Einfügen von Bildern, Videos und Links möglich. Nach Fertigstellung wird das Portfolio von den Studierenden für den bzw. die Lehrende*n sowie ggf. für weitere oder alle Seminarteilnehmer*innen freigeschaltet, so dass auch Formen des Peer-Feedbacks einbezogen werden können. An der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt werden derzeit Einsatzmöglichkeiten des Portfolios im Rahmen der Lehrer*innenbildung erprobt. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt zunächst Möglichkeiten, wie ein Portfolio in der universitären Lehre als Prüfungsform eingesetzt werden kann. Im zweiten Teil wird der konkrete Einsatz im Rahmen eines Seminars für Lehramtsstudierende im Wintersemester 2018/2019 beschrieben. Zudem werden die Ergebnisse einer Befragung gezeigt, bei der die Seminarteilnehmer*innen zu ihren bisherigen Erfahrungen mit Portfolios in der Hochschullehre sowie zum Einsatz des ePortfolios als Prüfungsform im genannten Seminar befragt wurden.
Information asymmetry and its implications in online purchasing behaviour: a country case study
(2020)
The objective of this study is to analyse how certain variables in the online market affect the decision-making trajectory and actions toward reducing the information asymmetry faced in online purchasing. A survey and observation are conducted in order to understand the behavior and perceptions of online buyers toward the information given in online platforms. Descriptive and correlation analysis have been employed in order to evaluate the data collected and test the correlation between variables of the research model. It results that most participants take for granted the fact that sellers have more information than them when entering into a transaction agreement and this makes them feel inferior towards the superior power sellers possess in such interactions. This makes the traditional markets more preferred for them, however multiple sources such as reviews and ratings result as an alternative way of reducing the perceived information asymmetry.
In einer digital geprägten Welt stehen Lehrkräfte vor zahllosen Herausforderungen bezüglich der Mediennutzung in ihrem Unterricht. Kinder und Jugendliche konsumieren Medien durch soziale Netzwerke, Messenger und vor allem in Form von Videos, Filmen und Serien. An der Goethe-Universität werden die aktuellen bildungspolitischen und gesellschaftlichen Forderungen nach medienkompetenten Lehrkräften u.a. in der ersten Phase der Ausbildung aufgegriffen. Im hier vorgestellten bildungswissenschaftlichen Seminar «Mediendidaktik im Kontext Schule» werden Studierende daher unter Anwendung der Methode «Lernen durch Lehren» zur Produktion eigener Erklärvideos in Kleingruppen angeleitet. Dadurch werden die Studierenden zu Expertinnen und Experten, während sie den Videoerstellungsprozess kennenlernen und Mediennutzungskompetenzen ausbilden. Durch die Verzahnung mit Feedbackschleifen und Reflexionsaufgaben als Teil des studentischen Portfolios wurde der bewusste und reflektierte Umgang mit Medien in der späteren Berufspraxis angestrebt. Die Lehrveranstaltung wurde prozessbegleitend und anhand eines Online-Fragebogens summativ evaluiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zwar den anhaltenden Bedarf zur Instruktion während der Medienproduktion, aber vor allem das Interesse an digitalen Medien. Die Studierenden erlebten den Lernprozess als leistungsmotivierend, produktiv und betonten die Relevanz der Themen und Ziele des Seminars für die spätere Berufspraxis. Zukünftige Lehrkräfte können in jeder Ausbildungsphase von Praxiserfahrung im Umgang mit digitalen Medien profitieren und sollten dahingehend weitere Angebote während des Studiums und darüber hinaus erhalten.
Um leitor de Walter Benjamin: dialética, interpretação e materialismo em Theodor W. Adorno, 1931-2
(2019)
O objetivo do artigo édiscutir a influência do livro Origem do drama trágico alemão(1928) de Walter Benjamin sobre duas preleções de Theodor W. Adorno na Universidade de Frankfurt, a saber: “A atualidade da filosofia” (1931) e “A ideia de história natural” (1932). Com isso, procurou-se, por um lado, indicar especificamente a influência benjaminiana sobre a ideia de constelação e, por outro, esclarecer as fundações histórico-filosóficas da ideia de história natural, que se encontram no centro das reflexões epistemológicas deAdorno. Dessa maneira, é possível compreender as concepções de dialética, interpretação e materialismo trabalhadas por Adorno com o propósito de caracterizar sua própria tarefa filosófica no início da década de 1930.
O artigo toma as críticas ao entrelaçamento entre direito e violência como um ponto de partida para explorar a possibilidade de um "tertiumdo direito". Desse modo, busca superar a suposição dicotômica básica que enxerga o direito sempre oscilando entre uma apologia à violência, de um lado, e uma utopia da razão, de outro. O texto analisa a possibilidade dessetertium, uma "força legal" além da violência legal e da razão legal, em quatro passos, recorrendo ao trabalho de Jacques Derrida e de autores da primeira geração da Escola de Frankfurt, em particular, de Theodor Adorno e Walter Benjamin. Argumenta que, em um primeiro passo, o direito precisa ser dissociado do Estado. A violência jurídica, entretanto, não se origina apenas do laço entre direito e poder de Estado. O direito é em si mesmo violento, mesmo quando não é direito de Estado. O segundo passo da crítica legal consiste, portanto, na recordação da violência do direito, seguido por um terceiro, que pede a transformação da violência em força. Essas três instâncias da crítica são as precondições para um passo último e essencial, de acordo com o qual a crítica do direito deve facilitar a transcendência da violência jurídica, tomando o direito e a sua promessa de justiça ao pé da letra com a finalidade de voltar essa promessa contra o próprio direito.
Promove-se uma recuperação do debate endógeno estabelecido entre alguns pensadores da Escola de Frankfurt, sobretudo no que se refere às diferentes perspectivas de análise sobre as relações entre ação e estrutura social, bem como as distintas percepções acerca das racionalidades (prática ou comunicativa) que organizam a conexão entre os indivíduos e a sociedade. Verifica-se o modo como os autores ligados à teoria crítica compreenderam as relações entre esferas subjetivas e estruturais em termos de possibilidades de emancipação social e de exercício de práticas deliberativas. Nessa perspectiva, considera-se uma cisão teórica estabelecida no interior da própria escola, cuja expressão se dá a partir das diferenças epistemológicas existentes entre o núcleo central do pensamento frankfurtiano e um conjunto de autores periféricos. Os trabalhos produzidos por esse núcleo “marginal”, bem como seu posterior refinamento na obra de Habermas, apresentam alternativas teóricas de caráter relacional que contrapõem a visão estrutural e cética presente nos trabalhos de Horkheimer, Adorno e Marcuse. É justamente na recuperação dessas fronteiras endógenas que se pretende ponderar as possíveis contribuições do pensamento frankfurtiano para uma perspectiva crítica da sociedade contemporânea.
Failed jump landings represent a key mechanism of musculoskeletal trauma. It has been speculated that cognitive dual-task loading during the flight phase may moderate the injury risk. This study aimed to explore whether increased visual distraction can compromise landing biomechanics. Twenty-one healthy, physically active participants (15 females, 25.8 ± 0.4 years) completed a series of 30 counter-movement jumps (CMJ) onto a capacitive pressure platform. In addition to safely landing on one leg, they were required to memorize either one, two or three jersey numbers shown during the flight phase (randomly selected and equally balanced over all jumps). Outcomes included the number of recall errors as well as landing errors and three variables of landing kinetics (time to stabilization/TTS, peak ground reaction force/pGRF, length of the centre of pressure trace/COPT). Differences between the conditions were calculated using the Friedman test and the post hoc Bonferroni-Holm corrected Wilcoxon test. Regardless of the condition, landing errors remained unchanged (p = .46). In contrast, increased visual distraction resulted in a higher number of recall errors (chi² = 13.3, p = .001). Higher cognitive loading, furthermore, appeared to negatively impact mediolateral COPT (p < .05). Time to stabilization (p = .84) and pGRF (p = .78) were unaffected. A simple visual distraction in a controlled experimental setting is sufficient to adversely affect landing stability and task-related short-term memory during CMJ. The ability to precisely perceive the environment during movement under time constraints may, hence, represent a new injury risk factor and should be investigated in a prospective trial.
Tropical cyclones (TC) represent a substantial threat to life and property for Caribbean and adjacent populations. The prospective increase of TC magnitudes, expressed in the 15th chapter of the IPCC AR5 report, entails a rising probability of ecological and social disasters, which were tragically exemplified by several severe Caribbean TC strikes during the past 20 years. Modern IPCC-grade climate models, however, still lack the required spatial and temporal resolution to accurately consider the underlying boundary conditions that modulate long-time TC patterns beyond the Instrumental Era. It is thus necessary to provide a synoptic mechanistic understanding regarding the origin of such long-time patterns, in order to predict reliable changes of TC magnitude and frequency under future climate scenarios. Caribbean TC records are still rare and often lack the necessary continuity and resolution to overcome these limitations. Here, we report on an annually-resolved sedimentary archive from the bottom of the Great Blue Hole (Lighthouse Reef, Belize). The TC record encompasses 1885 years and extends all existing site-specific TC archives both in terms of resolution and duration. We identified a likely connection between long-term TC patterns and climate phenomena responses to Common Era climate variations and offer a conceptual and comparative view considering several involved tropospheric and oceanographic control mechanisms such as the El-Niño-Southern-Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. These basin-scaled climate modes exercise internal control on TC activity by modulating the thermodynamic environment (sea-surface temperature and vertical wind shear stress dynamics) for enhanced/suppressed TC formation both on millennial (primary) and multi-decadal (secondary) time scales. We interpret the beginning of the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) as an important time interval of the Common Era record and suspect that the southward migration of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) caused, in combination with extensive hydro-climate changes, a shift in the tropical Atlantic TC regime. The TC activity in the south-western Caribbean changed in general from a stable and less active stage (100–900 CE) to a more active and variable state (1,100 CE-modern).
This work presents, to our knowledge, the first completely passive imaging with human-body-emitted radiation in the lower THz frequency range using a broadband uncooled detector. The sensor consists of a Si CMOS field-effect transistor with an integrated log-spiral THz antenna. This THz sensor was measured to exhibit a rather flat responsivity over the 0.1–1.5-THz frequency range, with values of the optical responsivity and noise-equivalent power of around 40 mA/W and 42 pW/√Hz, respectively. These values are in good agreement with simulations which suggest an even broader flat responsivity range exceeding 2.0 THz. The successful imaging demonstratestheimpressivethermalsensitivitywhichcanbeachievedwithsuchasensor. Recording of a 2.3×7.5-cm2-sized image of the fingers of a hand with a pixel size of 1 mm2 at a scanning speed of 1 mm/s leads to a signal-to-noise ratio of 2 and a noise-equivalent temperature difference of 4.4 K. This approach shows a new sensing approach with field-effect transistors as THz detectors which are usually used for active THz detection.
The purpose of this study consists of the identification of implantologic and prosthetic methods and techniques used in substance loss rehabilitation, associated with identifying the specific biomaterials in perfect accordance with each case particularities, without leaving aside the bone-tissue deficiency etiology. A representative number of clinical cases were selected, cases which are relevant for the chosen theme. The possibility of reconstructing the natural parameters of the edentulous alveolar ridge areas is various, starting with augmentation materials of the autogenous and heterograft type biomaterials(Bio-Oss, Grafton, Cerasorb si MBCP) including the mixing of these two types of biomaterials, and going to epitheses, which are the best choise for complex substance loss.
Programele computerizate au un rol indiscutabil în atingerea unor standarde ridicate în procesul educațional. Pe de altă parte acestea sunt instrumente eficiente în identificarea particularităților cazurilor clinice, evaluarea acestora în conformitate cu indicii clinico-biologici specifici. În timpul procesului didactic, simularea are un rol esenţial, ca o prefaţă la procedurile practice care formează abilităţile practice pe fiecare entitate clinică în medicina dentară.
Axel Honneth associates his reading of Hegel with Winnicott's maturational development theory, in order to defend theses on intersubjectivity and recognition. That connection between philosophy and psychoanalysis is a target of criticism from two Hegelians: Joel Whitebook, a reader of Freud, and Judith Butler, a critical reader of Freud and Lacan. At the core of the controversy is Honneth's rejection of the work of the negative that is performed by Freud's death drive. We intend on following in the wake of that debate, and thus investigate the reasons and consequences for social criticism of Honneth's rejection of Freud's death drive.
Axel Honneth associa sua leitura de Hegel à psicologia da maturação de Winnicott de modo a defender teses sobre intersubjetividade e reconhecimento. Esta articulação entre filosofia e psicanálise é objeto da crítica de dois hegelianos: Joel Whitebook, leitor de Freud, e Judith Butler, leitora crítica de Freud e Lacan. No centro da polêmica está a rejeição honnethiana ao trabalho do negativo realizado pela pulsão de morte freudiana. Pretendemos seguir o rastro deste debate e investigar as razões e consequências para a crítica social da recusa do frankfurtiano à pulsão.
This article corrects the following: Hope in political philosophy,
Claudia Blöser Jakob Huber Darrel Moellendorf. Volume 15Issue 5Philosophy Compass First Published online: April 17, 2020.
It has come to the author's attention that the reference citation of ‘Meirav, 2009’ on page 2 of his published article entitled, ‘Hope in political philosophy’ does not provide bibliographical details regarding the article and does not include it in its list of works cited.
Here is the bibliographical information: Meirav, A. (2009). The nature of hope. Ratio, 22, 216–233.
Hope in political philosophy
(2020)
The language of hope is a ubiquitous part of political life, but its value is increasingly contested. While there is an emerging debate about hope in political philosophy, an assessment of the prevalent scepticism about its role in political practice is still outstanding. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of historical and recent treatments of hope in political philosophy and to indicate lines of further research. We argue that even though political philosophy can draw on recent analyses of hope in analytic philosophy, there are distinct challenges for an account of hope in political contexts. Examples such as racial injustice or climate change show the need for a systematic normative account that is sensitive to the unavoidability of hope in politics as much as its characteristic dangers.
Responsibility for increasing mitigation ambition in light of the right to sustainable development
(2020)
The international community is currently in the midst of a facilitative dialogue about how to increase mitigation ambition under the terms of Paris Agreement. This dialogue concerns centrally considerations of equity, which includes matters of both justice and responsibility. I defend the importance of the right to sustainable development in this regard. I argue that if the right of states to pursue poverty eradicating human development is to be respected, then there is plausible interpretation of responsibility for mitigation in which a state’s ability to pay is the central consideration, where that ability is measured by its human development level. That conception of responsibility should be applied to considerations of how increase mitigation ambition.
This article aims to shed light on some core challenges of liberating social criticism. Its centerpiece is an intuitively attractive account of the nature and difficulty of critical social thought that nevertheless goes missing in many philosophical conversations about critique. This omission at bottom reflects the fact that the account presupposes a philosophically contentious conception of rationality. Yet the relevant conception of rationality does in fact inform influential philosophical treatments of social criticism, including, very prominently, a left Hegelian strand of thinking within contemporary Critical Theory. Moreover, it is possible to mount a defense of the conception by reconstructing, if with various qualifications and additions, an argument from classic—i.e., mid twentieth-century—Anglo-American philosophy of the social sciences, in particular, the argument that forms the backbone of Peter Winch’s The Idea of a Social Science. Winch draws his guiding insights from the later philosophy of Wittgenstein, and one of the payoffs of considering Winch’s Wittgenstein-inspired work against the backdrop of Hegel-inspired work in Critical Theory is to contest the artificial professional strictures that are sometimes taken to speak against reaching across the so-called ‘Continental Divide’ in philosophy. The larger payoff is advancing, by means of this philosophically ecumenical approach, the enterprise of liberating social thought.