Linguistik-Klassifikation: Computerlinguistik / Computational linguistics
102 search hits
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Computer-assisted transcription and analysis of speech
(2001)
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Ursula Stephany
Conny Bast
Katrin Lehmann
- The two papers included in this volume have developed from work with the CHILDES tools and the Media Editor in the two research projects, "Second language acquisition of German by Russian learners", sponsored by the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, from 1998 to 1999 (directed by Ursula Stephany, University of Cologne, and Wolfgang Klein, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen) and "The age factor in the acquisition of German as a second language", sponsored by the German Science Foundation (DFG), Bonn, since 2000 (directed by Ursula Stephany, University of Cologne, and Christine Dimroth, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen). The CHILDES Project has been developed and is being continuously improved at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, under the supervision of Brian MacWhinney. Having used the CHILDES tools for more than ten years for transcribing and analyzing Greek child data there it was no question that I would also use them for research into the acquisition of German as a second language and analyze the big amount of spontaneous speech gathered from two Russian girls with the help of the CLAN programs. When in the spring of 1997, Steven Gillis from the University of Antwerp (in collaboration with Gert Durieux) developed a lexicon-based automatic coding system based on the CLAN program MOR and suitable for coding languages with richer morphologies than English, such as Modern Greek. Coding huge amounts of data then became much quicker and more comfortable so that I decided to adopt this system for German as well. The paper "Working with the CHILDES Tools" is based on two earlier manuscripts which have grown out of my research on Greek child language and the many CHILDES workshops taught in Germany, Greece, Portugal, and Brazil over the years. Its contents have now been adapted to the requirements of research into the acquisition of German as a second language and for use on Windows.
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Imagem, texto, sensibilização, criatividade
(1997)
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João Azenha Junior
Claudia Dornbusch
Masa Nomura
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[Resenha:] Klaus-Peter Konerding, "Frames" und lexikalisches Bedeutungswissen. Untersuchugen zur linguistischen Grundlegung einer Frametheorie und zu ihrer Anwendung in der Lexikographie. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag 1993 (Reihe Germanistische Linguistik 142, 492 pág., DM 218,00, ISBN 3-484-31142-8)
(1997)
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Eva M. F. Glenk
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O trabalho de tradutor como fonte para constituição de base de dados
(2005)
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Bibiana Teixeira de Almeida
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How do treebank annotation schemes influence parsing results? : or how not to compare apples and oranges
(2005)
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Sandra Kübler
- In the last decade, the Penn treebank has become the standard data set for evaluating parsers. The fact that most parsers are solely evaluated on this specific data set leaves the question unanswered how much these results depend on the annotation scheme of the treebank. In this paper, we will investigate the influence which different decisions in the annotation schemes of treebanks have on parsing. The investigation uses the comparison of similar treebanks of German, NEGRA and TüBa-D/Z, which are subsequently modified to allow a comparison of the differences. The results show that deleted unary nodes and a flat phrase structure have a negative influence on parsing quality while a flat clause structure has a positive influence.
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A declarative characterization of different types of multicomponent tree adjoining grammars
(2007)
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Laura Kallmeyer
- Multicomponent Tree Adjoining Grammars (MCTAG) is a formalism that has been shown to be useful for many natural language applications. The definition of MCTAG however is problematic since it refers to the process of the derivation itself: a simultaneity constraint must be respected concerning the way the members of the elementary tree sets are added. This way of characterizing MCTAG does not allow to abstract away from the concrete order of derivation. In this paper, we propose an alternative definition of MCTAG that characterizes the trees in the tree language of an MCTAG via the properties of the derivation trees (in the underlying TAG) the MCTAG licences. This definition gives a better understanding of the formalism, it allows a more systematic comparison of different types of MCTAG, and, furthermore, it can be exploited for parsing.
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A descriptive characterization of multicomponent tree adjoining grammars
(2005)
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Laura Kallmeyer
- Multicomponent Tree Adjoining Grammars (MCTAG) is a formalism that has been shown to be useful for many natural language applications. The definition of MCTAG however is problematic since it refers to the process of the derivation itself: a simultaneity constraint must be respected concerning the way the members of the elementary tree sets are added. Looking only at the result of a derivation (i.e., the derived tree and the derivation tree), this simultaneity is no longer visible and therefore cannot be checked. I.e., this way of characterizing MCTAG does not allow to abstract away from the concrete order of derivation. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an alternative definition of MCTAG that characterizes the trees in the tree language of an MCTAG via the properties of the derivation trees the MCTAG licences.
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Constraint-based computational semantics : a comparison between LTAG and LRS
(2006)
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Laura Kallmeyer
Frank Richter
- This paper compares two approaches to computational semantics, namely semantic unification in Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammars (LTAG) and Lexical Resource Semantics (LRS) in HPSG. There are striking similarities between the frameworks that make them comparable in many respects. We will exemplify the differences and similarities by looking at several phenomena. We will show, first of all, that many intuitions about the mechanisms of semantic computations can be implemented in similar ways in both frameworks. Secondly, we will identify some aspects in which the frameworks intrinsically differ due to more general differences between the approaches to formal grammar adopted by LTAG and HPSG.
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Convertir des grammaires darbres adjoints à composantes multiples avec tuples d’arbres (TT-MCTAG) en grammaires à concaténation d’intervalles (RCG)
(2008)
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Laura Kallmeyer
Yannick Parmentier
- Cet article étudie la relation entre les grammaires darbres adjoints à composantes multiples avec tuples darbres (TT-MCTAG), un formalisme utilisé en linguistique informatique, et les grammaires à concaténation dintervalles (RCG). Les RCGs sont connues pour décrire exactement la classe PTIME, il a en outre été démontré que les RCGs « simples » sont même équivalentes aux systèmes de réécriture hors-contextes linéaires (LCFRS), en dautres termes, elles sont légèrement sensibles au contexte. TT-MCTAG a été proposé pour modéliser les langages à ordre des mots libre. En général ces langages sont NP-complets. Dans cet article, nous définissons une contrainte additionnelle sur les dérivations autorisées par le formalisme TT-MCTAG. Nous montrons ensuite comment cette forme restreinte de TT-MCTAG peut être convertie en une RCG simple équivalente. Le résultat est intéressant pour des raisons théoriques (puisqu’il montre que la forme restreinte de TT-MCTAG est légèrement sensible au contexte), mais également pour des raisons pratiques (la transformation proposée ici a été utilisée pour implanter un analyseur pour TT-MCTAG).
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Der TUSNELDA-Standard : ein Korpusannotierungsstandard zur Unterstützung linguistischer Forschung
(2001)
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Laura Kallmeyer
Andreas Wagner
- Die Verwendung von Standards für die Annotierung größerer Sammlungen elektronischer Texte (Korpora) ist eine Voraussetzung für eine mögliche Wiederverwendung dieser Korpora. Dieser Artikel stellt einen Korpusannotierungsstandard vor, der die Anforderungen der Untersuchung unterschiedlichster linguistischer Phänomene berücksichtigt. Der Standard wurde im SFB 441 an der Universität Tübingen entwickelt. Er geht von bestehenden Standards, insbesondere CES und TEI, aus, die sich als teilweise zu ausführlich und zu wenig restriktiv,teilweise auch als nicht ausdrucksstark genug erweisen, um den Bedürfnissen korpusbasierter linguistischer Forschung gerecht zu werden.
