Archive for Bryology
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Orthotrichum fastigiatum has variously been treated as a species or as subscpecies, variety or even as synonym of O. affine. The distinguishing characters between both taxa were studied. An evaluation revealed that some characters such as spore size (different but intergrading), exostome ornamentation, leaf apex, shape of papillae and lid cannot be used for differentiation. Other characters of O. fastigiatum such as smaller size, capsules imbedded in the leaves, a naked calyptra, the width of the ribs of the urn and the extend to which the empty capsule is contracted below the mouth are usable but hardly to quantify. The observation of mixed stands as well an apparent different ecology indicates different genotypes. Therefore O. fastigiatum should be regarded as infraspecific taxon of O. affine.
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Stephensoniella brevipedunculata Kash., monotypic Indian liverwort, belonging to Division Marchantiophyta, Class Marchantiopsida, Order Marchantiales and Family Exormothecaceae was initially instituted by Kashyap in 1914, when he collected it for the first time from Mussorrie and later on collected it from other parts of Western Himalayas, such as Kulu and Dulchi pass at an altitude of 2,000 to 2,400m (Kashyap, 1929). Later collections were made from different parts of Western Himalaya by various bryologists like Kanwal (1977), Srivastava (1983), Pant (1983), Pant and Tiwari (1995).Udar et al. (1983) in an attempt to assess reasons for disappearance of this prestigious hepatic undertook studies on its detailed reproductive biology. However, Pant (1983) attributed fast increasing urbanization as the main cause for the disappearance of this liverwort from Nainital area of Western Himalayas. This liverwort was considered to be endemic to Western Himalayas only (IUCN, 2000). Tan et al. 1994a, while compiling first ever red list of bryophytes included 50 species (24 mosses, 25 liverworts and 1 hornwort). Subsequently, the list included another 41 taxa, including S. brevipedunculata, thus increasing the number of most endangered bryophyte species worldwide to 91 (Geissler et al. 1997).
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Leucobryum juniperoideum was found on a fieldtrip in December 2009 in North Carolina. This species was so far known from the tropics as well from Europe where it had formerly be included in L. glaucum until 1962. It is the third species of this genus in North America and differs from L. albidum and L. glaucum by a different leaf shape, a different transverse section of the costa and different shape of the capsules.
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The present paper includes information on intraspecific variability (ecological and morpho-anatomical) among 46 accessions of Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort. collected from diverse habitats in Bhaderwah (J & K state), India. The study revealed tremendous diversity in almost each studied character.
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The aqueous extract of Dumortiera hirsuta (Swaegr.) Nees, a bryophyte, was found to be effective against seven postharvest phytopathogens tested. The fungitoxicity of the extract was measured by percent spore germination inhibition and percent radial growth inhibition using poisoned food technique. The inhibition of spore germination by the Dumortiera extract was within the range of 400 to 550 ppm. In poisoned food technique, out of seven postharvest phytopathogenic fungi tested six were completely inhibited by the Dumortiera extract with concentration range of 550 to 600 ppm. The mode of action of extract (350 ppm) was examined in the case of Aspergillus niger van Tieghem. Distinct morphological changes were observed in treated hyphae in comparison to control . The treatment clearly showed anomalies in the hyphae; cell wall of became flaccid, cytoplasm started leaving the cell wall and became granulated.
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During a fieldtrip to Hordaland in Norway, I collected Fissidens serrulatus in one place: Norway, Hordaland, Skanevik, steep slope along road between highway E 134 and village, birch forest, on seeping rocks of a cliff, ca. 90 m alt. leg. Frahm Sept. 1, 2011, no. 2011676. The specimen was collected because of the large size of the plants and to check, whether they belong to F. adianthoides or F. dubius. In fact, F. serrulatus looks much alike these species mentioned, also under the microscope, showing a pale band of cells along the leaf margins, but differs under the microscope by strongly mamillose laminal cells (fig. 3).
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The status of endemic liverworts in the Western Ghats ‘one of the major Hot spots’ of plant biodiversity have been discussed in the present paper. The study is based on the evaluation of type and authentic specimens available in Lucknow University Hepatic Herbarium (LWU) as well as those in several international herbaria including NICH, NY, JE, FH, G and excicatae of the world and published data. An overall assessment and evaluation revealed the presence of a total of 54 liverworts endemic to Western Ghats in India. The paper also discusses those species which were earlier known as endemic to the area but now show an extended range of distribution elsewhere and also the species earlier introduced from Western Ghats but now changed their status.
092
Contribution to the bryophyte flora of India: the Parambikulam Tiger Reserve in the Western Ghats
(2011)
A checklist of the bryophyte flora of the Parambikulam Tiger Reserve in the Western Ghats is presented here. It consists of 58 taxa (39 mosses, one Hornwort and 18 liverworts), of which Grimmia funalis and Thuidium subdelicatulum has reported as new record for India (Manju & Rajesh, communicated), Leucophanes glaucum (Schwägr.) Mitt. is newly reported for the mainland of India, 10 species are newly reported for Peninsular India and another four are new for the Kerala State.