Open Access

Uwe Anton Pfeifroth

• Clouds and precipitation are essential climate variables. Because of their high spatial and temporal variability, their observation and modeling is difficult. In this thesis multiple observational data sources, including satellite data and station data are globally analyzed to understand the distribution and variability of clouds and precipitation, while a special focus is on the diurnal cycle of both variables. Substantial diurnal cycles of clouds and precipitation are observed in the tropics, with different properties over land and ocean. But also in Europe cloud diurnal cycles are observed in the summer season. Overall the maximum cloud cover and also the maximum precipitation is observed in the afternoon over land, and in the morning over ocean. The analyzed climate model simulations and the model-based reanalysis fail to simulate the observed diurnal cycles. Owing to their limited resolution, models can not fully resolve the processes responsible for the existence of diurnal cycles of clouds and precipitation.