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The paper focuses on business negotiation in settings in which participants from different mothertongue backgrounds choose French, English andfor German as one of their languages of communication. A general scheme of the action-pattem of buying and selling will be sketched out which allows us to analyze specific Courses of verbal actions according ta their communicative functions within the negotiation process. In particular, the discourse of business communication is to be specified as a decision making process on the part of the buyer which is executed in a step-by-step order, and which is Open to the application of a bundle of the seller's strategies, tactics, and communicative techniques. In international negotiations, effects of unobserved miscommunication are, among others, far-stretched communicative circles, prolongation of negotiation time, non-functional explanations and several other repetitive structures. 1. Languages of trade and commerce - languages of communication 2. Communication in a Buy-Sell-Context is patterned 2.1. Entering the Pattern 2.2. The Main Phase 2.3. The Bidding Phase 2.4. The Specifc Conditions 2.5. Negotiating the Contract 3. The Central Point 3.1. The Buyer's Decision-Making Process 3.2 Decision-Making and Role-Playing 3.3. Intercultural Difference of the Decision-Making Process 4. Bridging the Buyer's Gap of Knowledge 5. The Language of Trade and Commerce 6. The Needs of Further Research: Data References
The foundations of dynamics
(1893)
In the article, a travel sketch of Danish playwright Kaj Munk (1898 – 1944) is analytically considered. The analysis of this text allows drawing at least three conclusions: 1. Explicit motive of seasickness, figuring here as antithetic modification of implicite present free-standing posture motive, symbolizes idea of disintegrating personality. 2. Such a symbolism is deeply rooted in that of Danish identity. 3. From literary styles and trends history point of view, the sketch appears to be typical of that line in expressionism, which continues tradition of symbolism as artistic and literary trend of late 19th century.