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By comparing two distinct governmental organizations (the US military and NASA) this paper unpacks two main issues. On the one hand, the paper examines the transcripts that are produced as part of work activities in these worksites and what the transcripts reveal about the organizations themselves. Additionally, the paper analyses what the transcripts disclose about the practices involved in their creation and use for practical purposes in these organizations. These organizations have been chosen as transcription forms a routine part of how they operate as worksites. Further, the everyday working environments in both organizations involve complex technological systems, as well as multi-party interactions in which speakers are frequently spatially and visually separated. In order to explicate these practices, the article draws on the transcription methods employed in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis research as a comparative resource. In these approaches audio-video data is transcribed in a fine-grained manner that captures temporal aspects of talk, as well as how speech is delivered. Using these approaches to transcription as an analytical device enables us to investigate when and why transcripts are produced by the US military and NASA in the specific ways that they are, as well as what exactly is being re-presented in the transcripts and thus what was treated as worth transcribing in the interactions they are intended to serve as documents of. By analysing these transcription practices it becomes clear that these organizations create huge amounts of audio-video “data” about their routine activities. One major difference between them is that the US military selectively transcribe this data (usually for the purposes of investigating incidents in which civilians might have been injured), whereas NASA’s “transcription machinery” aims to capture as much of their mission-related interactions as is organizationally possible (i.e., within the physical limits and capacities of their radio communications systems). As such the paper adds to our understanding of transcription practices and how this is related to the internal working, accounting and transparency practices within different kinds of organization. The article also examines how the original transcripts have been used by researchers (and others) outside of the organizations themselves for alternative purposes.
The intergenerational transmission of gender: paternal influences on children’s gender attitudes
(2022)
Objective: This study provides the first systematic longitudinal analysis of the influence of paternal involvement in family life—across childhood and adolescence—on the gender-role attitudes of children by the age of 14 or 15.
Background: Recent research suggests that, in post-industrial societies, paternal involvement in family life is increasing. Although previous studies of paternal involvement have considered paternal influences on children's cognitive or socio-emotional development, such studies have not yet addressed paternal influences on children's attitudes toward gender. Relatedly, previous studies on the intergenerational transmission of gender attitudes have analyzed maternal influences, but have neglected the significance of paternal influences. This study engages both strands of the research by analyzing the effects of paternal behaviors on children's attitudes toward gender roles.
Method: Multivariate linear regressions models were estimated on data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC); a survey with biannual observations over 10 years for 2796 children born between 1999 and 2000.
Results: Fathers' time spent on childcare during childhood was associated with gender-egalitarian attitudes in children by the age of 14 or 15. The most powerful predictor of children's gender-role attitudes, however, was the amount of time fathers spent on housework during children's adolescence, both absolute and relative to the amount of time mothers spent on housework. Fathers' unpaid labor at home was as relevant for children's gender-role attitudes as mothers' paid labor in the workforce. These results held after controlling for maternal domestic behaviors and for the gender-role attitudes of both parents.
Conclusion: Father involvement in childcare and housework during childhood and adolescence play an important role in shaping children's gender-egalitarian attitudes.
The thesis delves into two research questions, drawing from the 2022 Final Report of the Colombian Truth Commission. It critically examines historical power differentials originating from the colonial period, probing their role in legitimizing and perpetuating violence against ethnic groups, women, and individuals diverging from cisgender or heteronormative norms within Colombian society. Additionally, the research explores the pervasive influence exerted by the colonial legacy on the foundational structures of Colombian societal organization. Employing discourse analysis as its methodological approach, the thesis undertakes the task of deconstructing and reconstructing the Report, thereby elucidating emergent and contingent discursive meanings that situate coloniality within the realms of cognition, language, and affect. Emphasizing the presence of counter-hegemonic knowledge within the Report, the thesis integrates its findings into a robust theoretical and conceptual framework, facilitating a nuanced and systematic comprehension of the underlying causes of violence perpetrated against marginalized groups and the environment. These causes are intricately linked to the intertwined and hybridized power structures that have endured since the colonial era.
Power structures of Eurocentric origin, alongside mental constructs imposed by European invaders over centuries — such as anthropocentrism, racism, internal colonialism, heteropatriarchy, cisnormativity, and classism — were gradually naturalized and institutionalized within Colombian society. This process has been perpetuated through the state's reproduction of these patterns since the inception of Colombia as a nation-state. Consequently, hierarchical discursive constructions, posited as universal and self-evident, have marginalized certain groups and justified environmental degradation. While the internal armed conflict exacerbated these issues, it did not create them; rather, it intensified pre-existing violences, targeting individuals, communities, and their territories.
The thesis also underscores the portrayal of otherness within the modern-colonial world-system, rooted in principles of domination and subalternity, perpetuating colonial patterns of thought and action, reinforcing the hegemonic cosmovision. Notions of superiority and inferiority that predate the establishment of the Colombian nation-state have influenced social categories, subject positions, and identities, resulting in disproportionate, differential, and cumulative harm inflicted upon subalternized population groups. This contributes to a culture of 'justified' violence.
The research underscores the profound entrenchment of coloniality in the structures of Colombian society and the various inherent logics of violence within its conflicts. Coloniality, a comprehensive framework encompassing colonial patterns of thought and action, originating from the invasion and conquest of Abya Yala, continuously shapes the contemporary realities of societies in diverse (re-)configurations, leaving indelible imprints. The effects of these dynamics are manifold, ranging from the imperative of monogamous sexuality according to Judeo-Christian principles as a self-evident norm to the view of nature as a resource rather than a unit comprising both people and environment. In other words, colonial patterns are deeply embedded in all structures of society. A key recommendation emerging from this thesis is to underscore the imperative to recognize and question the persistence of colonial patterns in social and individual lives.
The research urges recognition and interrogation of these persistent colonial patterns in societal and individual structures, advocating for transformative paradigms that challenge conventional thought patterns and foster self-reflection among Colombians. The report, functioning as a political instrument, holds the potential to significantly contribute to the formation of subjectivities that break away from the epistemic schemes of modernity/coloniality. The research and its findings create a political space for questioning the universalist notion of the Eurocentric civilizing project, the scientific rationality of the universal subject, and the presumed neutrality of its forms of knowledge. This opens avenues for questioning, disputing, and transforming entrenched paradigms.
Ausgehend von Scheffers Beschreibung Existentieller Probleme untersucht die Masterarbeit die Problembehandlung solcher. Dabei versucht sich der Autor an einer vorläufigen Begriffsdefinition Existentieller Apparate und untersucht im folgenden, wie sich diese von der Arbeitsweise, ihrer Struktur und anderer Merkmale von herkömmlichen Apparaten unterscheiden. Die Diskussion erfolgt anhand der Problembearbeitungskapazitäten von der Flüchtlingshilfe auf Lesbos, Impfzentren und der Fridays-for-Future-Bewegung, die jeweils für Sich genommen speziell nur im Kontext jeweiliger Existentieller Probleme existieren.