Institutes
Refine
Year of publication
- 2021 (104) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (69)
- Doctoral Thesis (24)
- Preprint (7)
- Bachelor Thesis (2)
- Master's Thesis (2)
Has Fulltext
- yes (104)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (104) (remove)
Keywords
- Cryoelectron microscopy (3)
- Atomic and molecular interactions with photons (2)
- Black holes (2)
- FEBID (2)
- Quantum field theory (2)
- Relativistic heavy-ion collisions (2)
- SARS-CoV-2 (2)
- artificial intelligence (2)
- 1/c 2 electronic Hamiltonian (1)
- 2D materials (1)
- AGB star (1)
- ALICE (1)
- ALICE upgrade (1)
- AdS-CFT Correspondence (1)
- Antimicrobial resistance (1)
- Astrophysics (1)
- Attosecond science (1)
- Bacterial structural biology (1)
- Baryonic resonances (1)
- Binary pulsars (1)
- Biochemistry (1)
- Bioenergetics (1)
- Biophysics (1)
- Bohmian mechanics (1)
- CBM Experiment (1)
- COVID 19 (1)
- Charge change (1)
- Color superconductivity (1)
- Compact binary stars (1)
- Compact objects (1)
- Computational Data Analysis (1)
- Computational biophysics (1)
- Continuous Integration (1)
- Control System (1)
- Cosmology (1)
- Current-curent interaction (1)
- Dark energy (1)
- Dark matter (1)
- Diamagnetism (1)
- Diseases (1)
- EPICS (1)
- Electronic properties and materials (1)
- Electronic structure of atoms and molecules (1)
- Energy transfer (1)
- Enzyme mechanisms (1)
- Epidemiological statistics (1)
- Epidemiology (1)
- FAIR (1)
- Ferroelectrics and multiferroics (1)
- Finite baryon density (1)
- Finite temperature field theory (1)
- Fixed-target experiments (1)
- Floquet theory (1)
- Fluctuation Spectroscopy (1)
- Fluctuations (1)
- Free neutron targ (1)
- Freezeout (1)
- Friedman equation (1)
- GEM (1)
- GSI (1)
- Gabor Lens (1)
- Gauge theories (1)
- Gauge-gravity correspondence (1)
- Gene expression analysis (1)
- General relativity (1)
- Genetic engineering (1)
- Gravitational Waves (1)
- Gravitational collapse (1)
- Gross-Neveu model (1)
- Heavy-ion collisions (1)
- Heavy-ion reactions (1)
- High-energy neutron detection (1)
- Hochenergiephysik (1)
- Hydrodynamic models (1)
- Infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Lattice QCD (1)
- Lattice field theory (1)
- Li-ion batteries (1)
- Li1.3Nb0.3Mn0.4O2 (1)
- Lipids (1)
- Magnetic properties and materials (1)
- Magnetism (1)
- Many-body (1)
- Materials science (1)
- Mathematics and computing (1)
- Membrane and lipid biology (1)
- Membranes (1)
- Metasurfaces (1)
- Micro Vertex Detector (1)
- Momentum Spectrometry (1)
- Multi-neutron detection (1)
- Multimessenger (1)
- Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model (1)
- Nanoscale materials (1)
- Neutron Star (1)
- Neutron stars (1)
- Neutron-induced reaction cross sections (1)
- Non-relativistic QED (1)
- Nonperturbative Effects (1)
- Nonperturbative effects in field theory (1)
- Nuclear Physics (1)
- Nucleosynthesis-Star (1)
- Numerical Relativity (1)
- PELDOR/DEER spectroscopy (1)
- Palatini (1)
- Pandemics (1)
- Peptides and proteins (1)
- Permeation and transport (1)
- Phase diagram (1)
- Phase transitions and critical phenomena (1)
- Physics (1)
- Plasma membrane (1)
- Plastic scintillator array (1)
- Protein homeostasis (1)
- Proteins (1)
- Protyposis (1)
- QCD equation of state (1)
- Quantum chromodynamics (1)
- Quantum information (1)
- Quark-gluon plasma (1)
- Reactions with relativistic radioactive beams (1)
- Relativistic kinetic theory (1)
- Riccati equation (1)
- Scattering-type Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy (1)
- Short-lived nuclei (1)
- Simulation and modeling (1)
- Social distancing (1)
- Social systems (1)
- Spintronics (1)
- Stellar remnants (1)
- Storage rings (1)
- Strong coupling expansion (1)
- Structural biology (1)
- Superconducting properties and materials (1)
- Surrogate-reaction method (1)
- THz (1)
- TPC (1)
- TeraFET (1)
- Two-dimensional materials (1)
- X-ray crystallography (1)
- X-rays (1)
- abundances (1)
- adhesion (1)
- adsorption (1)
- antiviral signaling (1)
- application (1)
- applications of teraherz imaging (1)
- asymptotic giant branch stars (1)
- attosecond spectroscopy (1)
- binary neutron star merger (1)
- charcoal (1)
- chemically peculiar stars (1)
- chiral perturbation theory (1)
- chiral symmetry restoration (1)
- circuit analysis (1)
- circumstellar dust (1)
- closed orbit feedback system (1)
- computational imaging (1)
- conformational dynamics (1)
- correlated electrons (1)
- cosmological constant (1)
- coupled oscillators (1)
- cyclotron (1)
- damage detection (1)
- dark energy (1)
- decision making (1)
- desorption (1)
- detector (1)
- diffractive optics (1)
- echo-state networks (1)
- effective field theories (1)
- electron–phonon coupling (1)
- emotion theory (1)
- endothelial cells (1)
- excitation (1)
- extended Einstein gravity (1)
- famotidine (1)
- fatigue testing (1)
- feelings (emotions) (1)
- field-effect transistor (1)
- finite-temperature quantum-field theory (1)
- galactic chemical evolution (1)
- gauge theory (1)
- generalized uncertainty principle (1)
- geodesic equation (1)
- glass fiber reinforced materials (1)
- granulare Metalle (1)
- gravitation (1)
- heavy-ion physics (1)
- heavy-ions (1)
- heavy-quark effective theory (1)
- high-energy physics (1)
- high-resolution momentum spectroscopy (1)
- highly-charged ions (1)
- histamine (1)
- homeostasis (1)
- inflammation (1)
- inhomogeneous phases (1)
- injection (1)
- interferometry (1)
- isotopic abundance (1)
- leukocytes (1)
- line density (1)
- line element (1)
- linear sigma mode (1)
- low-dose irradiation (1)
- low-mass dilepton (1)
- magnetic fields (1)
- magnetic susceptibility (1)
- many particle entanglement (1)
- mass degeneracy (1)
- mathematical and relativistic aspects of cosmology (1)
- mean-field (1)
- membrane proteins (1)
- metric tensor (1)
- moat regime (1)
- multi-orbital Hubbard model (1)
- multicoincidence imaging (1)
- non-perturbative methods (1)
- noncommutative geometry (1)
- nonlinear dynamical systems (1)
- nuclear reaction cross-sections (1)
- nucleosynthesis (1)
- on-chip solutions (1)
- oscillators (1)
- particle-theory and field-theory models of the early universe (1)
- phase diagram (1)
- phase noise (1)
- plasma ion beam interaction (1)
- polarons (1)
- presolar grain (1)
- protein structures (1)
- quadratic Lagrangian (1)
- quadratic temperature dependent resistivity (1)
- quantum gravity (1)
- quantum hydrodynamics (1)
- quantum mechanics (1)
- quark-gluon plasma (1)
- quark-gluon plasma temperature (1)
- radar-based structural health monitoring (1)
- radon (1)
- reaction rate (1)
- recurrent networks (1)
- relativistic collisions (1)
- relativity and gravitation (1)
- reservoir computing (1)
- rfq (1)
- s-process (1)
- shear stress (1)
- simulation (1)
- specific heat (1)
- spectral radius (1)
- spectroscopy (1)
- stability analysis (1)
- stellar abundances (1)
- storage rings (1)
- strongly correlated electrons (1)
- strontium vanadate epitaxial films (1)
- structural biology (1)
- synaptic scaling (1)
- synchronized oscillators (1)
- system analysis and design (1)
- target (1)
- terahertz emission (1)
- terahertz sensing (1)
- teraherz imaging systems (1)
- teraherz nano-imaging and nanoscopy (1)
- theory mind (1)
- thermodynamic functions and equations of state (1)
- theta-pinch (1)
- toll-like receptor (1)
- torsion (1)
- transport models quark-gluon plasma (1)
- two-point function (1)
- vanadium oxides (1)
- viscous cosmology (1)
- wave-function renormalization (1)
- wind turbine blades (1)
Institute
- Physik (104)
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (7)
- Buchmann Institut für Molekulare Lebenswissenschaften (BMLS) (4)
- ELEMENTS (3)
- MPI für Biophysik (3)
- Medizin (3)
- Biochemie, Chemie und Pharmazie (2)
- Exzellenzcluster Makromolekulare Komplexe (1)
- Helmholtz International Center for FAIR (1)
- Zentrum für Biomolekulare Magnetische Resonanz (BMRZ) (1)
Presolar grains and their isotopic compositions provide valuable constraints to AGB star nucleosynthesis. However, there is a sample of O- and Al-rich dust, known as group 2 oxide grains, whose origin is difficult to address. On the one hand, the 17O/16O isotopic ratios shown by those grains are similar to the ones observed in low-mass red giant stars. On the other hand, their large 18O depletion and 26Al enrichment are challenging to account for. Two different classes of AGB stars have been proposed as progenitors of this kind of stellar dust: intermediate mass AGBs with hot bottom burning, or low mass AGBs where deep mixing is at play. Our models of low-mass AGB stars with a bottom-up deep mixing are shown to be likely progenitors of group 2 grains, reproducing together the 17O/16O, 18O/16O and 26Al/27Al values found in those grains and being less sensitive to nuclear physics inputs than our intermediate-mass models with hot bottom burning.
Upon antibiotic stress Gram-negative pathogens deploy resistance-nodulation-cell division-type tripartite efflux pumps. These include a H+/drug antiporter module that recognizes structurally diverse substances, including antibiotics. Here, we show the 3.5 Å structure of subunit AdeB from the Acinetobacter baumannii AdeABC efflux pump solved by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. The AdeB trimer adopts mainly a resting state with all protomers in a conformation devoid of transport channels or antibiotic binding sites. However, 10% of the protomers adopt a state where three transport channels lead to the closed substrate (deep) binding pocket. A comparison between drug binding of AdeB and Escherichia coli AcrB is made via activity analysis of 20 AdeB variants, selected on basis of side chain interactions with antibiotics observed in the AcrB periplasmic domain X-ray co-structures with fusidic acid (2.3 Å), doxycycline (2.1 Å) and levofloxacin (2.7 Å). AdeABC, compared to AcrAB-TolC, confers higher resistance to E. coli towards polyaromatic compounds and lower resistance towards antibiotic compounds.
This study presents an ultra-wideband, elliptical slot, planar monopole antenna for early breast cancer microwave imaging. The on-body antenna's operation is optimised by direct contact with the patient's skin. With a compact size of 9 × 7 mm, the antenna covers a wide bandwidth from 16 to 24 GHz for reflection coefficients lower than –10 dB. Besides, it also features an electrode for electrical impedance tomography applications. Verification on a volunteer's breast gives an excellent agreement with the simulation for the defined bandwidth. Furthermore, as the first stage of the system's characterisation, pork fat is also used to demonstrate the possibility to enhance the transmission between the antennas within the high loss environment. Those results propose the feasibility of implementing a high-frequency radar system for breast cancer detection.
An investigation of photoelectron angular distributions and circular dichroism of chiral molecules
(2021)
The present work demonstrates the capability of several type of molecular frame photoelectron angular distributions (MFPADs) and their linked chiroptical phenomenon the photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) to map in great detail the molecular geometry of polyatomic chiral molecules as a function of photoelectron energy. To investigate the influence of the molecular potential on the MFPADs, two chiral molecules were selected, namely 2-(methyl)oxirane (C3H6O, MOx, m = 58,08 uma) and 2-(trifluoromethyl)oxirane (C3H3F3O, TFMOx, m = 112,03 uma). The two molecules differs in one substitutional group and share an oxirane group where the O(1s) electron was directly photoionized with the use of synchrotron radiation in the soft X-ray regime. The direct photoionization of the K-shell electron is well localized in the molecule and it induces the ejection of two or more electrons; the excited system separates into several charged (and eventually neutral) fragments which undergo Coulomb explosion due to their charges. The electrons and the fragments were detected using the COLd Target Recoil Ion Momentum Spectroscopy (COLTRIMS) and the momentum vectors calculated for each fragment belonging from a single ionization. The former method gives the possibility to post-orient molecules in space, giving access to the molecular frame, thus the MFPAD and its related PECD for multiple light propagation direction.
Stereochemistry (from the Greek στερεο- stereo- meaning solid) refers to chemistry in three dimensions. Since most molecules show a three-dimensional structure (3D), stereochemistry pervades all fields of chemistry and biology, and it is an essential point of view for the understanding of chemical structure, molecular dynamics and molecular reactions. The understanding of the chemistry of life is tightly bounded with major discoveries in stereochemistry, which triggered tremendous technical advancements, making it a flourishing field of research since its revolutionary introduction in late 18th century. In chemistry, chirality is a brunch of stereochemistry which focuses on objects with the peculiar geometrical property of not being superimposable to their mirror-images. The word chirality is derived from the Greek χειρ for “hand”, and the first use of this term in chemistry is usually attributed to Lord Kelvin who called during a lecture at the Oxford University Junior Scientific Club in 1893 “any geometrical figure, or group of points, “chiral”, and say that it has chirality if its image in a plane mirror, ideally realized, cannot be brought to coincide with itself.”. Although the latter is usually considered as the birth of the word chirality, the concept underlying it was already present in several fields of science (above all mathematics), already proving the already multidisciplinary relevance of chirality across many field of science and beyond. Nature shows great examples of chiral symmetry on all scales. Empirically, it is possible to observe it at macroscopic scale (e.g. distribution of rotations of galaxies), down to the microscopic scale (e.g. structure of some plankton species), but it is at the molecular level where the number gets remarkable: most of the pharmaceutical drugs, food fragrances, pheromones, enzymes, amino acids and DNA molecules, in fact, are chiral. Moreover, the concept of chirality goes far beyond the mere spatial symmetry of objects being crucially entangled with the fundamental properties of physical forces in nature. The symmetry breaking, namely the different physical behaviour of a two chiral systems upon the same stimuli, is considered to be one of the best explanation for the long standing questions of homochirality in biological life, and ultimately to the chemical origin of life on Earth as we know it. Our organism shows high enantio-selectivity towards specific compounds ranging from drugs, to fragrances. Over 800 odour molecules commonly used in food and fragrance industries have been identified as chiral and their enantiomeric forms are perceived to have very different smells, as the well-know example of D- and L- limonene. Similarly, responses to pharmaceuticals drugs can be enantiomer specific, and in fact about 60 % the drugs currently on the market are chiral compounds, and nearly 90 % of them are sold as racemates. The same degree of enantio-selectivity is observed in the communications systems of plants and insects. Plants produce lipophilic liquids with high vapour pressure called plant volatiles (PVs) which are synthesized via different enzymes called tarpene synthases that are usually chiral. Chiral molecules and chiral effects have a strong impact on all the fields of science with exciting developments ranging from stereo-selective synthesis based on heterogeneous enantioselective catalysis, to optoelctronics, to photochemical asymmetric synthesis, and chiral surface science, just to cite a few.
Chiral molecules come in two forms called enantiomers. Their almost identical chemical and physical properties continue to pose technical challenges concerning the resolution of racemic mixtures, the determination of the enantiomeric excess, and the direct determination of the absolute configuration of an enantiomer. ...
Famotidine inhibits toll-like receptor 3-mediated inflammatory signaling in SARS-CoV-2 infection
(2021)
Apart from prevention using vaccinations, the management options for COVID-19 remain limited. In retrospective cohort studies, use of famotidine, a specific oral H2 receptor antagonist (antihistamine), has been associated with reduced risk of intubation and death in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. In a case series, nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19 experienced rapid symptom resolution after taking famotidine, but the molecular basis of these observations remains elusive. Here we show using biochemical, cellular, and functional assays that famotidine has no effect on viral replication or viral protease activity. However, famotidine can affect histamine-induced signaling processes in infected Caco2 cells. Specifically, famotidine treatment inhibits histamine-induced expression of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells and can reduce TLR3-dependent signaling processes that culminate in activation of IRF3 and the NF-κB pathway, subsequently controlling antiviral and inflammatory responses. SARS-CoV-2-infected cells treated with famotidine demonstrate reduced expression levels of the inflammatory mediators CCL-2 and IL6, drivers of the cytokine release syndrome that precipitates poor outcome for patients with COVID-19. Given that pharmacokinetic studies indicate that famotidine can reach concentrations in blood that suffice to antagonize histamine H2 receptors expressed in mast cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils, these observations explain how famotidine may contribute to the reduced histamine-induced inflammation and cytokine release, thereby improving the outcome for patients with COVID-19.
The recent discovery of binary neutron star mergers has opened a new and exciting venue of research into hot and dense strongly interacting matter. For the first time, this elusive state of matter, described by the theory of quantum chromo dynamics, can be studied in two very different environments. On the macroscopic scale, in the collisions of neutron stars; and on the microscopic scale, in collisions of heavy ions at particle collider facilities. We will discuss the conditions that are created in these mergers and the corresponding high energy nuclear collisions. This includes the properties of quantum chromo dynamics matter, that is, the expected equation of state as well as expected chemical and thermodynamic properties of this exotic matter. To explore this matter in the laboratory, a new research prospect is available at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research, FAIR. The new facility is being constructed adjacent to the existing accelerator complex of the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research at Darmstadt/Germany, expanding the research goals and technical possibilities substantially. The worldwide unique accelerator and experimental facilities of FAIR will open the way for a broad spectrum of unprecedented research supplying a variety of experiments in hadron, nuclear, atomic, and plasma physics as well as biomedical and material science, which will be briefly described.
This thesis deals with the phenomenology of QCD matter, its aspects in heavy ion collisions and in neutron stars. The first half of the work focuses on the hadronic phase of QCD matter. One focus is on how the hadronic phase shows itself in heavy ion collisions and how its dynamics can be simulated. The role of hadronic interactions is considered in the context of the lattice QCD data. The second part of this thesis presents a unified approach to QCD matter, the CMF model. The CMF model incorporates many aspects of QCD phenomenology which allows for a consistent description of the hadron-quark transition, making it applicable to the entire QCD phase diagram, i.e., to the cold nuclear matter and to the hot QCD matter. It is shown that a description of both the hot matter created in heavy ion collisions and the cold dense matter in neutron star interiors is possible within one single approach, the CMF model.
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) mediate nucleocytoplasmic transport. Their intricate 120 MDa architecture remains incompletely understood. Here, we report a near-complete structural model of the human NPC scaffold with explicit membrane and in multiple conformational states. We combined AI-based structure prediction with in situ and in cellulo cryo-electron tomography and integrative modeling. We show that linker Nups spatially organize the scaffold within and across subcomplexes to establish the higher-order structure. Microsecond-long molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the scaffold is not required to stabilize the inner and outer nuclear membrane fusion, but rather widens the central pore. Our work exemplifies how AI-based modeling can be integrated with in situ structural biology to understand subcellular architecture across spatial organization levels.
HbA1c is the gold standard test for monitoring medium/long term glycemia conditions in diabetes care, which is a critical factor in reducing the risk of chronic diabetes complications. Current technologies for measuring HbA1c concentration are invasive and adequate assays are still limited to laboratory-based methods that are not widely available worldwide. The development of a non-invasive diagnostic tool for HbA1c concentration can lead to the decrease of the rate of undiagnosed cases and facilitate early detection in diabetes care. We present a preliminary validation diagnostic study of W-band spectroscopy for detection and monitoring of sustained hyperglycemia, using the HbA1c concentration as reference. A group of 20 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 10 healthy subjects were non-invasively assessed at three different visits over a period of 7 months by a millimeter-wave spectrometer (transmission mode) operating across the full W-band. The relationship between the W-band spectral profile and the HbA1c concentration is studied using longitudinal and non-longitudinal functional data analysis methods. A potential blind discrimination between patients with or without diabetes is obtained, and more importantly, an excellent relation (R-squared = 0.97) between the non-invasive assessment and the HbA1c measure is achieved. Such results support that W-band spectroscopy has great potential for developing a non-invasive diagnostic tool for in-vivo HbA1c concentration monitoring in humans.
We review the properties of the strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma (QGP) at finite temperature T and baryon chemical potential µB as created in heavy-ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies. The description of the strongly interacting (non-perturbative) QGP in equilibrium is based on the effective propagators and couplings from the Dynamical QuasiParticle Model (DQPM) that is matched to reproduce the equation-of-state of the partonic system above the deconfinement temperature Tc from lattice QCD. Based on a microscopic transport description of heavy-ion collisions, we discuss which observables are sensitive to the QGP creation and its properties.