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Das Verhältnis von Geistlichkeit und lokaler Nobilität in der "Adelslandschaft an der Werra" wurde schon in mehreren Arbeiten instruktiv beleuchtet. Hier soll der Blick auf einen besonderen Akteur auf diesem Feld gelenkt werden, den Deutschen Orden. Auch er war eine Größe, die der Landesherr so weit wie möglich zurückzudrängen versuchte, ohne sie ganz ausschalten zu können. Dies lässt sich am Beispiel der Deutschordenspfarrei Reichenbach anschaulich zeigen.
With Empire of the Black Sea: the Rise and Fall of the Mithridatic World (2020), Duane Roller has published the first English monograph meant to cover the Pontic Kingdom of the Mithradatid dynasty. Although he falls short of presenting an up-to-date bibliography, the book is likely to become an influential reference work. The present chapter aims at closing several of the bibliographical gaps, by surveying recent (and forthcoming) scholarship especially on the kingdom’s history prior to Mithradates VI Eupator. Topics include the Achaemenid ancestry of Mithradates of Kios, the flight of Mithradates I Ktistes to Kimiata, the role of the Galatians in the rise of the kingdom, the historicity of Mithradates III, the wars and diplomacy of Pharnakes I, the putative sibling marriage of Mithradates IV, chronological aspects of the rule of Mithradates V, and the continuity of Mithradatid foreign policies.
Den Münzen der römischen Republik verpflichtet – Der Numismatiker Max von Bahrfeldt (1856-1936)
(2021)
Kriegslärm und seine Wirkungen auf die ‚Akteure‘ sind für die Antike ein noch ungenutzter Betrachtungsgegenstand. „Sensory History“ darf als innovativer Beitrag zur Geschichtswissenschaft insgesamt gelten. Schlachtbeschreibungen thematisieren Sinneseindrücke aller Art: Die Geräusche des Krieges gehören zu den lautesten, die sich in der Menschheitsgeschichte finden lassen, der Kampf war eine multisensorische Angelegenheit mit Geschrei und Musik. Im Beitrag soll die Aufmerksamkeit auf diese Phänomene und ihre literarische Verarbeitung gelegt werden. Was bedeuteten Geräusche und Eindrücke des Krieges für die Beteiligten? Die in der Antike verbreitete Auffassung, dass „in jeder Schlacht zuerst die Augen erliegen würden“ (Tac. Germ. 43,5), ist zu relativieren! Die Kakophonie der Schlacht blieb nicht ohne Wirkung: sie bedeutete "terror" und konnte Menschen paralysieren!
This paper was presented at the workshop “Goods, Languages, and Cultures along the Silk Road” at Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, October 18 and 19, 2019. While many contributions to the workshop focused on recent developments in China’s current “New Silk Road” politics, on forms of communication, and on contemporary exchange of goods and ideas across so-called Silk Road countries in the Caucasus and Central Asia and with China, this short essay focuses on the history of the so-called Silk Road as an important transport connection. Although what is now called the “Silk Road” was not a pure East-West binary in antiquity but rather developed into a network that also led to the South and North, the focus here will be on describing the East-West connection.
I will start with a few brief remarks on the origins of the connection referred to as the Silk Road and will then introduce the different great empires that shaped this connection between antiquity and the Middle Ages through military campaigns and by using it as a trading route and network. But the Silk Road was by no means only of economic and military importance. Its significance for the exchange and dissemination of religions should also be mentioned. This paper does not detail the importance of the numerous individual religions in the area of the Silk Road but discusses the phenomenon of the spread of religions and the loss of some of their own distinguishing characteristics in this spread, a phenomenon that could be described as a “unity of opposites” (coincidentia oppositorum). Finally, the essay asks who, in the face of the regular replacement of powers, held sovereignty over the transport connection: the subject (in the form of the empires) or the object (in the form of the road).
Who were the main protagonists of and along the Silk Road in the course of history? Who were the people who became the great powers of the ancient Silk Road, building up the material route, governing parts of it, and organizing trade and relationships from the far East to the extreme West of the Eurasian continent?