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A central motivation for the development of x-ray free-electron lasers has been the prospect of time-resolved single-molecule imaging with atomic resolution. Here, we show that x-ray photoelectron diffraction—where a photoelectron emitted after x-ray absorption illuminates the molecular structure from within—can be used to image the increase of the internuclear distance during the x-ray-induced fragmentation of an O2 molecule. By measuring the molecular-frame photoelectron emission patterns for a two-photon sequential K-shell ionization in coincidence with the fragment ions, and by sorting the data as a function of the measured kinetic energy release, we can resolve the elongation of the molecular bond by approximately 1.2 a.u. within the duration of the x-ray pulse. The experiment paves the road toward time-resolved pump-probe photoelectron diffraction imaging at high-repetition-rate x-ray free-electron lasers.
Real-time observation of X-ray-induced intramolecular and interatomic electronic decay in CH2I2
(2019)
The increasing availability of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has catalyzed the development of single-object structural determination and of structural dynamics tracking in real-time. Disentangling the molecular-level reactions triggered by the interaction with an XFEL pulse is a fundamental step towards developing such applications. Here we report real-time observations of XFEL-induced electronic decay via short-lived transient electronic states in the diiodomethane molecule, using a femtosecond near-infrared probe laser. We determine the lifetimes of the transient states populated during the XFEL-induced Auger cascades and find that multiply charged iodine ions are issued from short-lived (∼20 fs) transient states, whereas the singly charged ones originate from significantly longer-lived states (∼100 fs). We identify the mechanisms behind these different time scales: contrary to the short-lived transient states which relax by molecular Auger decay, the long-lived ones decay by an interatomic Coulombic decay between two iodine atoms, during the molecular fragmentation.
Hauptbestandteil dieser Masterarbeit war es, ein neues COLTRIMS Experiment zu entwerfen und zu bauen. Den gesamten Aufbau mit allen dazugehörigen Komponenten wie verschiedensten Vakuumkomponenten sowie Detektoren und Elektronik unter realen Messbedingungen zu testen, bildete schließlich den Abschluss des praktischen Teils. Sowohl einige Kalibrationsmessungen mit dem neuen Aufbau, als auch die ersten Ergebnisse der Messungen mit der chiralen Substanz Bromchlorfluormethan wurden hier vorgestellt.
Ein Großteil der Projektarbeit bestand darin, Überlegungen für die vielen verschiedenen Bauteile anzustellen, diese mit Rücksprache erfahrener Gruppenmitglieder zu verbessern und schließlich zu konstruieren und zu zeichnen...