450 Italienisch, Rumänisch, Rätoromanisch
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Dealing with alternatives
(2006)
Traditionally, pure additive particles and scalar additive particles are both characterized by an existential presupposition. They differ insofar as the set of alternatives that is built is unordered for the former, and ordered for the latter, which carry the so-called scalar presupposition. As a result, the two characterisations cannot be cumulated, an impossibility that is at odds with the fact that several languages exhibit this combination of readings for a single item. The discussion of Italian neanche '(n)either/(not) even', an item that can both be additive and scalar, allows us to expose the connection between the oppositions non-ordered vs ordered set of alternatives and verified vs accommodated existential presupposition by adding content to the traditional view that the set of alternatives is made up of 'relevant' items in the context. The question of how to characterise this item is set against the backdrop of a more general discussion of the network of additive particles found in Italian.
Analizând contactul intercultural româno-german iniţiat pe calea traducerilor, prezentând momente istorice, biografice şi estetice de vârf, se supun analizei criteriile ce permit stabilirea unor paradigme calitative de structură, proces şi eficienţă. La începutul traducerilor din literatura cultă pare-se că a stat şi Mihail Kogălniceanu cu a sa traducere din Asachi (“Odă către Italia”, apărută în 1837 la Berlin). Traduceri mult mai sistematice şi cu o mai largă răspândire în spaţiul european şi un ecou deosebit se datorează unor traducători ca Josef Marlin, Carmen Sylva, Hermann Roth, Alfred Margul-Sperber, Oskar Pastior, Dieter Roth, Werner Söllner, ale căror motivaţii, preferinţe, teoretizări şi rang se recontextualizează exemplificându-se astfel diferite stadii în istoria propagării literaturii române culte şi populare, subliniindu-se situaţia sociologică actuală de unicitate, datorităfaptului că în prezent trăiesc foarte mulţi potenţiali traducători de literatură română în spaţiul lingvistic german. Cel mai notabil succes de mijlocire literară se datorează în prezent lui Gerhardt Csejka din Frankfurt pe Main, care (traducând şi pentru reviste româneşti online) a devenit traducătorul fidel al autorului Mircea Cărtărescu.
Gramatica dependenţială, aşa cum a fost elaborată în spaţiul de limbă germană, în special de Ulrich Engel, a fost receptată în lingvistica românească cu mare întârziere.
Lucrarea de faţă se concentrează asupra unui fenomen lingvistic specific, fraza nominală, şi analizează un text subsumabil limbajului juridic din perspectiva nucleelor nominale formate de cuvinte compuse în limba germană. Pornind de la conceptul de valenţă se analizează din perspectivă contrastivă varianta textului în limba germană şi traducerea în limba română.
Se evidenţiază diferenţele structurale dintre cele două limbi la nivelul sintactic şi semantic, diferenţe care, dacă nu sunt sesizate şi interpretate corect, au drept repercusiuni traduceri deficitare.
Lucrarea doreşte să realizeze o analiză succintă a diferenţelor dintre două traduceri reprezentative ale operei Faust de Johann Wolfgang Goethe în limba română, cea a lui Lucian Blaga şi cea a lui Ştefan Augustin Doinaş, luând ca „mostră” de text scena Noaptea din partea întâia a tragediei. Dat fiind că scena conţine o aglomerare relativ mare de noţiuni cu o încărcătură semantică semnificativă, lucrarea de faţă analizează elementele lexicale esenţiale la nivelul semantic al textului, verificând echivalenţa din versiunile în limba română.
"Hoch soll er leben!" : Routineformeln als Forschungsaufgabe der phraseologischen Kontrastivik
(2010)
Phraseological issues are of great interest to researchers in the field of German studies outside German-speaking countries as well. If one looks back upon the achievements and insights of phraseological research elsewhere, it becomes obvious that there are lots of areas of investigation still to be expanded, as far as the German and the Romanian languages are concerned. The research approaches suggested here are meant to highlight more specific aspects of linguistic phraseological material.
Presenting the actual theoretical debates (of Göhlich, Welsch, de Nancy, Bachmann-Medick) with respect to the concept of transculturality, underlining the related aspects such as hybridity, intertextuality, globalisation, the author traces the aspects of transculturality in the process of the translations from Romanian to German. The success of the literary transfer is conditioned by the intra- and intercultural competence, by the knowledge of the identity factors, of the specific operational frame and of the key texts (translations or originals) from the literatures that come into contact with it. As in other countries, where there are specific basic cultural notions with a certain symbolic charge like „birch” in Russia, „hut” in the Czech republic, the traditional cultural universe affirmatively or polemically resorts to cultural words such as „plai” (poetic realm), „codru” (forest), „mioritic” (mioritical). Tracing by means of rich examples the history of translations, the author distinguishes the stages of translations motivated by philological, ethnographic, political interests and lastly and parallel to it, by aesthetical interests. These translations contribute to the identitary image of the Romanians, being normally recorded with an increased attention and sensibility. Concretely applying the discussed theoretical concepts on a text, the author presents the German translation of an essayistic text by Andrei Pleşu, arguing the possible interest of the German public for the writer, emphasizing the ironical hybrid and ludic signs that are important for the translation, with all untranslatabilities of the word games, in order to find at least an adequate, if not equivalent, transfer. The annotations and the translation (starting with the analysis of the title) constitute a demonstration of transculturality applied live.
The paper focuses on aspects of comparative phraseology and paremioloy between two languages, German and Romanian and aims at disclosing differences and similarities in connection with proverbs and idioms on “the devil”. 112 items circling around “the devil” and its synonyms are being analyzed as to the life experience, world perspective and superstitions reflected in the proverbs, by drawing parallels between the equivalent structures functioning in the two languages, their form and content.
In the present article Bernhard Schwaiger, a Latin language teacher at a school in Thüringen, treats some aspects of the greater or lesser importance of some objects of study, in this case of the foreign languages, importance that is usually determined aleatorily. The article becomes a pleading for the study of the Romanian language as one of the most interesting Romance languages, the Romanian culture being complex and the tourist landscape from Romania very interesting as well. The conclusion of the article is that it is very important for pupils on their way to identity construction to know all the cultural components of Europe, to submit to a critical analysis any object defined „from the outside” as important, because the European continent consists not solely of important countries and languages (such as France, Spain, England, Italy) but also of a multitude of other languages and cultures.