450 Italienisch, Rumänisch, Rätoromanisch
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Koreferenzielle Pro-Formen im Deutschen und Italienischen : Analyse von Korpora gesprochener Sprache
(2011)
Gegenstand dieses Beitrags ist die vergleichende Untersuchung von deutschen und italienischen verweisenden Pronomen. Für das Deutsche wird die Alternanz zwischen der/die/ das (im Folgenden d-Pronomen; vgl. Ahrenholz 2007 und Wiltschko 1998) und Personalpronomen betrachtet. Für das Italienische werden Demonstrativ- und Personalpronomen (freie und klitische) untersucht. In vorherigen Forschungsarbeiten wurde auf semantische, syntaktische und pragmatische Bedingungen hingewiesen, die das Vorkommen von d-Pronomen anstatt anderer Pronominalformen wie z.B. den Personalpronomen im Deutschen stark begünstigen (vgl. dazu Ravetto 2009). Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, zu überprüfen, ob in den zwei Vergleichssprachen ähnliche Tendenzen bzw. Bedingungen zu beobachten sind, die mit der Wahl der jeweiligen verweisenden Form verknüpft sind.
This study indicates research areas from the perspective of the German and Romanian language phraseology, areas that are exemplified within the phraseosemantic field of „communication”. The analysis of the current state of research indicates the partial or complete lack of preoccupation, on the one hand, with the metaphorization process and the predominance of the conceptual metaphors in the two languages or the dominance of some components and their analysis from a cultural-specific point of view, and, on the other hand, with the systematization of morphosyntactic or semantic restrictions.
"Spieglein, Spieglein an der Wand ..." : das Diminutiv im Überzetzungsvergleich Deutsch-Rumänisch
(2012)
The paper presents some aspects connected to the system of diminution in German and Romanian, by offering a comparative analysis of the German version of the fairy tale “Snow White” and six Romanian translations of the text. The focus lies on the ways in which the nouns in the text are marked as ‘diminutives’ in German (mainly by adding suffixes, the synthetic diminutives) and the equivalences suggested by the Romanian translators. Although the category ‘diminution’ is common to both languages, there are significant differences in the way it is linguistically expressed. A main part of the paper is devoted to these differences and their reflection in the text.
This article discusses one of many possible strategies that translators use in rendering an idiom from a L1 to a L2, i.e. the verbatim or the literal translation. The points of view according to this strategy differ very much among the researchers: some treat them as semantic false friends. Based on the replies to a questionnaire that was handed out to 10 Romanian native speakers, one could state that the context in which the literal translation of a source-idiom is situated plays an important role for the understanding of the text. Beyond that, the translation of an idiom cannot be judged only by virtue of the denotative meaning – the pragmatic function of the translation as a whole is just as important. The questionnaire was compiled of literal translations of Swedish idioms into Romanian (from different translations of different novels). The article further discusses some of the text examples from this questionnaire and describes some of the phenomena related to idioms which hinder the so-called idiom-understanding and which probably led to misinterpretation and a failed literal translation.
This paper proposes to analyse contrastively the phraseological expressions which include proper names in German and Romanian languages and also, to interpret them as cultural elements that generate problems when trying to translate them. It is intended to establish equivalence relations between the onimical expressions of the two languages, suggesting, where it will be the case, the translation strategies.
The Romanian folk poetry, especially the Romanian folk ballad raised the interest of German translators in the 19th century, who proved the size of their talent by translating the ballads in German and by popularizing them among the German readers in the country and abroad. The paper focuses on aspects of translation motifs of five German authors (W. von Kotzebue, C.F.W. Rudow, A. Franken, A. Forstenheim, Carmen Sylva) taking into account their life experiences, professional commitments and friendship for the Romanians. The study aims to highlight the principles and difficulties of translation as a result of the authors’ wish to translate the original text as accurately as possible and as close as possible to the spirit of the Romanian folk poetry.
Das Ausgangsmaterial für die vorliegende Untersuchung stammt aus dem Phonetischen Normalbuch von Luzi (1903-05). Zunächst werden die beiden Ortsdialekte von Sils (Nr. 34) und Scharans (Nr. 33) miteinander verglichen (Kap. 2.2). Hernach werden beide zusammen je einer benachbarten Ortsmundart der angrenzenden Talschaften gegenübergestellt (Kap. 2.3 bis Kap. 2.7). Gewählt wurden für das äußere Domleschg Rodels (Nr. 32), für das Schams Zillis (Nr. 42), für das Albulatal Obervaz1 (Nr. 58), für den oberen Heinzenberg der heute ausgestorbene Dialekt von Flerden (Nr. 39), und für den unteren Heinzenberg der heute ebenfalls erloschene Dialekt von Cazis (Nr. 36).
By focusing human factors by the phraseological nomination, it becomes possible to expose obvious cases as reflections of everyday collective observations, experiences and evaluations considering a certain behavior or action. The subject of this investigation is differently molded phraseological units that permit to be listed under the hypernym ‘THE END OF LIFE BY HUMAN BEINGS’. The execution follows up the role of the linguistic image by the constitution of a slice of reality and gives representative examples of the metaphorization of the concept ‚DECEASE‘ in German, Romanian and Swedish. Productive source domains for the conceptualization of this notion will be considered; this due to the insight that conceptual spheres give keys to thought models, values and ideals anchored in the language.
In the paper, all German surnames (63 different names) and also the Romanian ones (45 different names) are analyzed from a semantic and statistic perspective. These family names belong to the inhabitants of Petreºti/Sebeº who were the victims of the First World War, of the Second World War and of the communist régime. The names of these 216 people were taken from the commemorative plaques from the Lutheran Protestant Church and on the Heroes’ Monument placed in the yard of the city’s Orthodox Church.
In diesem Beitrag werden anhand eines Korpus von Paralleltexten deutscher und italienischer Reiseführer jeweils kulturspezifische stilistische Aspekte dieser Textsorte dargestellt. Reiseführer können beschrieben werden als heterogene, weitgehend gering standardisierte Großtextsorte, die aus vier Subtextsorten besteht (Orientierungstexte, Ratgebertexte, Besichtigungstexte, Hintergrundtexte) und gleichzeitig mehrere Funktionen erfüllt (informieren, werben, bewerten, instruieren usw.) (Fandrych/Thurmair 2011). Der kulturellen Vermittlung des Reiseziels kommt dabei traditionell eine wichtige Rolle zu, wobei die Darstellung und Konstruktion des Reiseziels gewöhnlich nicht allein durch sprachliche Mittel erfolgt, sondern auch mittels Bilder, die kognitiv schneller und wirkungsstärker rezipiert werden (Stöckl 2011). Die im Reiseführer enthaltene Auswahl von Informationen und die Art der Darstellung (das 'was' und 'wie' im Sinne von Fix/Poethe/Yos 2003) folgt dabei kulturspezifischen Diskurstraditionen. Der Beitrag basiert auf einem funktional-pragmatischen Ansatz, der es erlaubt, die Text-Bild-Relation in die textstilistische Analyse einzubeziehen.