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A small collection of bryophytes made during holidays on Réunion in September 2009 revealed 6 species new to the island (Brachymenium acuminatum, B. dicranoides, Bryum lanatum, Campylopus clavatus, Mielichhoferia bryoides and Oxyrhynchium hians). Campylopus crateris has been found for the first time with sporophytes. These new records are incorporated in a new alphabetic list of the mosses of Réunion. Keys for the species for several genera are given.
Die Südwesteifel, das Gebiet des sog. Naturpark Südeifel, grenzt im Westen an die Sauer (= Grenze von Luxemburg) und im Süden an die Mosel. Das Gebiet ist von einer besonderen geologischen Diversität: in einer Schichtstufenlandschaft ist hier fast das ganze Mesozoikum auf kleinstem Raum vertreten. Ursprünglich haben Jura (Lias), Keuper, Muschelkalk und Bundsandstein konkordante Ablagerungen auf dem eingerumpften variszischen Gebirge hinterlassen, welches aus devonischen Schiefern und Kalken bestand. Durch Anhebung dieses Rumpfes wurden die mesozoischen Schichten im Norden und Süden der Eifel gekippt und abgetragen. Am Rande haben sich die Reste nach dem Alter gestaffelt erhalten. So haben wir dort saure nährstoffarmen Buntsandstein, kalkreichen Muschelkalk und Keuper sowie teils sauren, teils leicht basischen Liassandstein. Dies führt bei den Moosen zu einer enormen Artenvielfalt, unterstützt durch einen atlantischen Floreneinschlag.
Breutelia ist eine Gattung, die weltweit mit kanpp 100 Arten vertreten ist, vorwiegend in den tropischen Gebirgen und der südlichen Hemisphäre, wo sie besonders um die Waldgrenze artenreich vertreten ist. In Nordamerika ist die Gattung gar nicht vertreten, in Europa hingegen mit 2 endemischen Arten, Breutelia azorica nur auf den Azoren und B. chrysocoma (Abb. 1) in Westeuropa. Dafür gibt es zwei Hypothesen. Entweder sind diese Arten Tertiärrelikte, die sich über die Eiszeit in den milden ozeanischen Gebieten Westeuropas gehalten haben. Breutelia azorica hätte sich dann von dem damaligen Festland auf die vulkanischen Inseln verbreitet und dort überlebt, B. chrysocoma hätte in küstennahem Gebieten Westeuropas (die heute unter Wasser liegen) die Kaltzeiten überdauert. Oder beide Arten sind mit tropischen Arten identisch und über Sporen vermutlich von den Neotropen auf die Azoren bzw. nach Europa verbreitet worden. In vielen Fällen sind solche Arten wie Campylopus cygneus, C. shawii, Plagiochila heterophylla, P. bifaria, P. longispina u.a. zunächst in Unkenntnis ihres Vorkommens in den Tropen unter eigenem Namen aus Europa beschrieben worden.
Adults, and in some species larvae, of several members of Belonuchus Nordmann (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) and a few related genera seem to be to various degrees consistently associated with flower bracts of the genus Heliconia (Zingiberales: Heliconiaceae). They are predators and eat various dipterous and lepidopterous larvae in that habitat. Adults of at least Belonuchus cephalotes (Sharp) and Odontolinus fasciatus Sharp are able to immerse completely in water to capture larvae and/or pupae of mosquitoes (Culicidae). Adults and larvae of Belonuchus satyrus Erichson, and adults of B. cacao Blackwelder and B. rufipennis (F.) were found in water-filled flower bracts of Heliconia bihai (L.) L. in northern, lowland Venezuela. The bracts also contained mosquito larvae and semiaquatic coleopterous (Chrysomelidae: Hispinae), lepidopterous (Crambidae: Pyraustinae) and dipterous (Syrphidae, Stratiomyidae, Psychodidae, Richardiidae) larvae, and Annelida. In feeding trials, B. satyrus adults and larvae did not feed on hispine larvae or annelids, but did feed on all the lepidopterous and dipterous larvae available to them; adults dragged larvae and pupae of the mosquito genus Toxorhynchites Theobald from shallow water and thus seemed to be the top predators of the food pyramid within bracts. Records are compiled of association of Belonuchus and relatives with Heliconia bracts in the neotropics. We correct the names used for Heliconia spp. by earlier entomological authors working in Venezuela. Their ‘Heliconia caribaea Lamarck’ is H. bihai (L.) L. and their ‘H. aurea Rodríguez’ is H. bihai cv. Aurea.
New species are described in the tribe Piezocerini: Gorybia rondonia sp. nov. from Brazil (Rondônia) and G. bahiensis sp. nov. from Brazil (Bahia); in the tribe Hexoplonini: Calycibidion rubricolle sp. nov. from Brazil (Bahia); in the tribe Ibidionini, Tropidina: Tropidion argentina sp. nov. from Argentina (La Rioja) and T. boliviensis sp. nov. from Bolivia (Santa Cruz); in the tribe Rhinotragini: Ommata (Ommata) albitarsis sp. nov. from Brazil (Rondônia); and in the tribe Rhopalophorini: Cosmisoma viridescens sp. nov. from Brazil (Bahia). To validate the tribal names, Hexoplon Thomson, 1864 and Tropidion Thomson, 1867, are here designated type genera of Hexoplonini and Tropidiina, respectively.
The fauna of Phanaeini of the northeast of Brazil was investigated through fieldwork in the States of Ceará, Maranhão and Piauí, and through study of preserved material from other states. Seven species of Phanaeini are newly recorded from these three states. Of these, two species are also new records for the northeast region: Phanaeus melibaeus Blanchard and an unidentified Dendropaemon Perty species. A total of 13 new state records are given for eight of the 15 species of Phanaeini recorded from the northeast to date, including three new state genus records. A key is provided for identification of all species. Detailed distributional information is presented together with habitat and bait preferences and other ecological data for each species. The diversity and distribution of the tribe in the northeast is discussed in the context of regional biotopes and wider geographic ranges. The fauna is shown to be more diverse than previously believed, containing both endemic and widespread elements occurring in species assemblages that differ according to habitat type and elevation, leading to substantial complementarity of diversity amongst the main biogeographic provinces and biotopes of the region.
Based on the scenario work of the project „Waldzukünfte“ (Futures of Forest) initiated by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research a forests conversion in regard to climate adaptation by means of Mediterranean oak tree varieties is examined. We are taking the ecosystem services of a forest marked by this particular tree variety to give an initial estimate of effects and consequences for an according forests conversion. The oak varieties in question have different potentials. In particular Quercus ilex, Q. robur and Q. frainetto can very well contribute to the supporting and regulating functions of the forest ecosystem. In the end strategic goals for silviculture will be decisive for establishing them as climatically adapted tree varieties in future forests. In this context the timber production is only one utility function (provisioning service). Also important are the landscape-building potential of an oak forest ecosystem (prevention of deforestation) as well as as the reproduction of a habitat for forest biodiversity. Apart from that, new economic branches might develop (e.g. truffle cultivation, acorn fattening of pigs). Needs for research are identified as well as new research topics within the centre.
Four new species of Cydistomyia Taylor from New Guinea, C. missimiensis, C. madangiensis, C. waigani, and C. moresbyensis, are described and figured. A revised key to the females of New Guinea Cydistomyia and New Guinea collection records for 57 additional species of Tabanidae are provided. A table with the approximate longitudes and latitudes of all but one locality listed is provided.
We provide new records of biting and predaceous midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Florida, including the first documented United States records of Atrichopogon (Atrichopogon) caribbeanus Ewen, Dasyhelea griseola Wirth, D. scissurae Macfie, and Brachypogon (Brachypogon) woodruffi Spinelli and Grogan. Atrichopogon (Meloehelea) downesi Wirth, Forcipomyia (Thyridomyia) monilicornis (Coquillett), F. (T.) nodosa Saunders, Ceratoculicoides blantoni Wirth and Ratanaworabhan, Mallochohelea albibasis (Malloch), Bezzia (Bezzia) imbifida Dow and Turner and B. (B.) mallochi Wirth are recorded for the first time from Florida. Forcipomyia (Thyridomyia) johannseni Thomsen, Bezzia (Bezzia) expolita (Coquillett), and B. (B.) pulverea (Coquillett) are deleted from the ceratopogonid fauna of Florida. Dasyhelea koenigi Delécolle and Rieb is a junior objective synonym of Dasyhelea scissurae Macfie (NEW SYNONYM). The total number of Ceratopogonidae recorded from Florida is now 249 species contained within 27 genera.