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Der chinesische Schriftsteller Liao Yiwu erhält in diesen Minuten in der Frankfurter Paulskirche den Friedenspreis des Deutschen Buchhandels. Mit Liao wird ein mutiger Mann geehrt, dessen Streben nach Freiheit ihn nicht nur mehrere Jahre in chinesische Gefängnisse, sondern bis an den Rand des Wahnsinns gebracht hat. Ich freue mich, dass Liao Yiwu geehrt wird, denn ich bewundere diesen vielleicht aufrechtesten Verfechter für die Freiheit.
"Wie man in den Wald hineinruft…": die Überraschung über chinesische Hyperschallwaffen ist naiv
(2014)
Letzte Woche hat China ein neues strategisches Trägersystem getestet. Dabei handelte es sich nicht um eine herkömmliche ballistische Rakete, sondern um einen Hyperschall-Flugkörper, der offenbar die zehnfache Schallgeschwindigkeit (etwa 12.350 km/h) erreichte. Die Aufregung in Washington war groß – zumindest in konservativen Kreisen...
Es gibt Neuigkeiten von Chinas bekanntestem Dissidenten und Künstler Ai Weiwei. Aber dieses Mal ist es nicht die chinesische Regierung, die sich Fragen stellen lassen muss, sondern die britische. Denn Ai erhielt kein 6-Monatsvisum, weil er „straffällig“ sei. Doch der Künstler wurde niemals angeklagt. Was steckt hinter der Verweigerung? Ein Kommentar.
This dissertation explores the breadth and variation of authoritarian counter-terrorism strategies and their legitimacy-related origins to challenge prevailing assumptions in Terrorism Studies. Research and analysis are conducted in the form of a Structured Focused Comparison of domestic counter-terrorism strategies in two electoral autocracies. The first case is Russia’s domestic engagement against a mix of ethno-separatist and Islamist terrorism emanating from its North Caucasus republics between 1999 and 2018. The second case is China’s engagement vis-à-vis a similar type of terrorism in its Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region between 1990 and 2018.
The comparison shows that, contrary to prevailing assumptions, the two strategies differ immensely from one another while containing significant if not predominant non-coercive elements. It further shows that the two strategies are closely related to the two states’ sources and resources of legitimacy, both in their original motivation to tackle the terrorist threat and in the design of counter-terrorism strategies. Drawing on David Beetham’s theory of The Legitimation of Power and on the Comparative Politics, Terrorism Studies and Civil War literatures, the dissertation explores the influence of five sources and (re)sources of legitimacy on the two counter-terrorism strategies: responsiveness, performance legitimacy, ideology, discursive power and co-optation. While governmental discursive power is discarded as a source of variation, findings are significant with respect to the influence of ideology and performance legitimacy. Reliance on ideology or related patterns for legitimation raise vulnerability to terrorism and constrain or facilitate the adoption of communicative and preventive measures that accommodate the grievances of potentially defective or even violently terrorist groups. Performance legitimacy is a key motivator in counter-terrorism and an influence on certain types of counter-terrorism policies. Responsiveness and co-optation are identified as potential sources of variation, based on idiosyncratic concurrence with policy choices.
Yang Jisheng, langjähriger Journalist der staatlichen chinesischen Nachrichtenagentur, hat ein erschütterndes Buch über den „Großen Sprung nach vorn“ geschrieben. Millionen ChinesInnen verhungerten 1958-62. Bis heute wird darüber geschwiegen. Nicht so Yang, der mit seinem Buch ein nie da gewesenes Bild der Katastrophe zeichnet und den Toten gedenkend einen „Grabstein“ setzt.
Über die Machtstrukturen der Kommunistischen Partei Chinas, die allmächtig über das Reich der Mitte herrscht, weiß man erstaunlich wenig. In seinem beeindruckend detailreichen Buch „Der rote Apparat“ gelingt es Richard McGregor nun sowohl diese Intransparenz vorzuführen als auch erste Breschen in das Dickicht unserer Unwissenheit zu schlagen.
With the current conflict in Gaza going full tilt, the usual questions have popped up: Who is to blame, what is everyone’s motivation and strategy, how to stop the bloodshed, how to end the conflict. And as usual, the two-state solution, i.e. two separate, sovereign states within the borders of the 1949 armistice agreement, keeps popping up as a purported solution. This is especially prominent in the statements of politicians in countries not directly involved in the conflict. Countries that at least claim to want to help end the conflict, be it through mediation or other diplomatic measures. But for those countries, the two-state solution has become an idea to hide behind. It does not help solve the conflict, neither in the short- nor mid-term. Clinging to the idea merely prolongs the status quo. However, it does allow the rest of the world to avoid facing the facts, which would force them to reevaluate their position on who to support and actually do something about the conflict as it currently is. But it’s high time we face the music and admit it: The two-state solution is no longer a viable option when it comes to mediating this conflict...
China’s law to control international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) has sent shockwaves through international non-governmental organisations (NGOs), civil society and expert communities as the epitome of a worldwide trend of closing civic spaces. Since the Overseas NGO Management Law was enacted in January 2017, its implementation has seen mixed effects and diverging patterns of adaptation among Chinese party-state actors at the central and local levels and among domestic NGOs and INGOs. To capture the formal and informal dynamics underlying their mutual interactions in the longer term, this article employs a theory of institutional change inspired by Elinor Ostrom’s distinction between rules-in-form versus rules-in-use and identifies four scenarios for international civil society in China – “no change,” “restraining,” “recalibrating” and “reorienting.” Based on interviews, participant observation and Chinese policy documents and secondary literature, the respective driving forces, plausibility, likelihood and longer-term implications of each scenario are assessed. It is found that INGOs’ activities are increasingly affected by the international ambitions of the Chinese party-state, which enmeshes both domestic NGOs and INGOs as agents in its diplomatic efforts to redefine civil society participation on a global scale.
Mit dem machtpolitischen Aufstieg Chinas treten Weltregionen in den Fokus, die in unseren Breitengraden vormals eher am Rande wahrgenommen wurden – insbesondere Asien. Neben der gestiegenen weltpolitischen Bedeutung eröffnen sich auch akademisch spannende Perspektiven, wie unlängst die zweite Global South Caucus Konferenz der ISA in Singapur zeigte.