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We develop a relativistic model to describe the bound states of positive energy and negative energy in finite nuclei at the same time. Instead of searching for the negative-energy solution of the nucleon s Dirac equation, we solve the Dirac equations for the nucleon and the anti-nucleon simultaneously. The single-particle energies of negative-energy nucleons are obtained through changing the sign of the single-particle energies of positive-energy anti-nucleons. The contributions of the Dirac sea to the source terms of the meson fields are evaluated by means of the derivative expansion up to the leading derivative order for the one-meson loop and one-nucleon loop. After refitting the parameters of the model to the properties of spherical nuclei, the results of positive-energy sector are similar to that calculated within the commonly used relativistic mean field theory under the no-sea approximation. However, the bound levels of negative-energy nucleons vary drastically when the vacuum contributions are taken into account. It implies that the negative-energy spectra deserve a sensitive probe to the e ective interactions in addition to the positive-energy spectra.
We develop a relativistic model to describe the bound states of positive energy and negative energy in finite nuclei at the same time. Instead of searching for the negative-energy solution of the nucleon's Dirac equation, we solve the Dirac equations for the nucleon and the anti-nucleon simultaneously. The single-particle energies of negative-energy nucleons are obtained through changing the sign of the single-particle energies of positive-energy anti-nucleons. The contributions of the Dirac sea to the source terms of the meson fields are evaluated by means of the derivative expansion up to the leading derivative order for the one-meson loop and one-nucleon loop. After refitting the parameters of the model to the properties of spherical nuclei, the results of positive-energy sector are similar to that calculated within the commonly used relativistic mean field theory under the no-sea approximation. However, the bound levels of negative-energy nucleons vary drastically when the vacuum contributions are taken into account. It implies that the negative-energy spectra deserve a sensitive probe to the effective interactions in addition to the positive-energy spectra.
The statistical coalescence model for the production of open and hidden charm is considered within the canonical ensemble formulation. The data for the J/psi multiplicity in Pb+Pb collisions at 158 A·GeV are used for the model prediction of the open charm yield. We find a strong enhancement of the open charm production, by a factor of about 2 4, over the standard hard-collision model extrapolation from nucleon-nucleon to nucleus-nucleus collisions. A possible mechanism of the open charm enhancement in A+A collisions at the SPS energies is proposed.
Kernpunkt dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung der Eigenschaften des Vakuums und des Grundzustandes von Kernmaterie anhand eines effektiven Modells. Das Lineare Sigma-Modell mit globaler chiraler U(2)R ×U(2)L-Symmetrie wurde mit (Axial-)Vektormesonen sowie dem chiralen Partner des Nukleons, der mit der Resonanz N(1535) identifiziert wird, erweitert. Die Einführung des chiralen Partners in der Spiegel-Zuordnung ermöglicht die Untersuchung zweier verschiedener Erzeugungsprozesse der Baryonenmasse: durch spontane Symmetriebrechung sowie durch einen chiral invarianten Massenterm, parametrisiert durch m0. Die Parameter des Modells werden durch experimentelle Werte der Zerfallsbreiten von N∗ → Nπ und a1 → πγ und der axialen Kopplungskonstante des Nukleons gN A , sowie durch Lattice-Berechnungen von gN∗ A fixiert. Im Rahmen dieses Modells ergibt sich für den Massenparameter m0 ∼ 500 MeV, was darauf hin deutet, dass ein beträchtlicher Anteil der Baryonenmasse nicht durch das chirale Kondensat erzeugt wird. Das Modell wird anhand des Zerfalls N∗ → Nη sowie s-Wellen-πN-Streulängen a(±) 0 validiert und zeigt gute Übereinstimmung mit dem Experiment. In Kernmaterie wird m0 durch Kondensate anderer skalarer Felder ausgedrückt, z. B. dem Tetraquark-Kondensat. Der Einfluß dieses Kondensates auf dichte Materie wird untersucht. Die Nukleonenmassen hängen stark von den Kondensaten ab und verschwinden, so wie auch die Kondensate selbst, wenn die chirale Symmetrie wieder hergestellt ist.