Refine
Document Type
- Article (14)
- Doctoral Thesis (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (15)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (15)
Keywords
- obesity (15) (remove)
Institute
- Medizin (14)
- Sportwissenschaften (1)
A recent report showed PINK1 transcript levels to be up- or down-regulated by the gain or loss of Ataxin-2 function, respectively, in human blood, in a human neural cell line and in mouse tissues. These observations may have profound implications for the regulation of cell growth and may be medically exploited for the treatment of cancer and neural atrophy...
Einleitung: Sport und Bewegung sind ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Adipositastherapie von Heranwachsenden. Die Auswahl therapeutischer Bewegungsangebote und die Belastungsteuerung erfolgen jedoch bislang nicht evidenzbasiert. Zur Einschätzung der individuellen Beanspruchung, Sicherung der Prozessqualität und Identifikation günstiger Bewegungsangebote in der juvenilen Adipositastherapie ist eine objektive Erfassung von Kenngrößen der kardiovaskulären Beanspruchung erforderlich. Methode: In einem Eingangstest wurde bei 20 adipösen Heranwachsenden ohne Komorbidität (12,9±1,8 Jahre, BMI 30,6±3,9 kg/m2, VO2max 29,8±4,5 ml/(kg*min)) der individuelle Zusammenhang zwischen Herzfrequenz (HF) und Sauerstoffaufnahme (VO2) unter standardisierten Ruhe- und Belastungsbedingungen ermittelt. Im Anschluss wurde der HF-Verlauf bei 7 verschiedenen bewegungstherapeutischen Angeboten der 4wöchigen Komplextherapie erfasst. Energieumsatz (EE), Beanspruchung (Irel) sowie der Zeitanteil moderater und intensiver Belastung (MVPA) wurden auf Basis der individuellen HF-VO2 Regression berechnet. Ergebnisse: 7,5 Stunden Bewegungstherapie pro Woche induzierten einen Energiemehrum-satz von 1.871±533 Kcal pro Woche und resultierten in 3,5±1,1h MVPA. EE [KJ/kg/h] und Irel [%VO2R] beim Walking (14,0±2,9; 29±8; Median ± Mediandeviation) unterschieden sich signifikant von Wasserspielen (18,0±4,4; 42±14), Bahnenschwimmen (19,9±5,9; 47±17), 65-85W Fahrradergometrie (19,6±3,7; 46±8), Kräftigungszirkel (18,9±3,7; 44±9), kleinen Spielen (19,0±5,4; 45±16) und großen Spielen (20,6±7,0; 48±19) (p<0.05). Diskussion: Das Resultat zeigt, dass 75% der Kinder und Jugendlichen mit ihrer Teilnahme an der stationären Komplextherapie konservative Empfehlungen zum kontinuierlichen oder kumulierten Umfang moderater bis intensiver körperlicher Aktivität (150 min wöchentlich; Williams et al. 2002) erreichen oder übertreffen. Das untersuchte Programm kann somit für einen Großteil der Patienten als angemessen und richtungsweisend eingeschätzt werden. Allerdings sind nicht alle Teilnehmer mit ausreichender Intensität körperlich aktiv sind, was Forderungen nach bestmöglicher Motivierung aller Teilnehmer und individueller Belastungssteuerung unterstreicht. Mit Ausnahme von Walking ließen sich im Hinblick auf kardiorespiratorische Belastungscharakteristika keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den untersuchten Bewegungsangeboten ermitteln. Im Sinne einer nachhaltigen Veränderung des Bewegungsverhaltens können vor diesem Hintergrund bei der Wahl geeigneter Therapieformen zukünftig die individuellen Neigungen Heranwachsender noch stärker Beachtung finden. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen damit die hohe praktische Relevanz derartiger Untersuchungen für die zukünftige Gestaltung ambulanter und stationärer Therapieprogramme. Weitere Studien sind nötig, um die Reproduzierbarkeit und Übertragbarkeit der vorliegenden Ergebnisse zu überprüfen und Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehungen von Bewegung zielgruppenspezifisch zu ermitteln.
Is obesity rather than the dietary supplement used for weight reduction the cause of liver injury?
(2018)
Acute liver injury has been attributed to dietary supplements (DS) used for weight loss, but their causal role was much questioned, and obesity as an alternative cause of the liver injury remained unclear. A comprehensive search of the Medline database was conducted with terms that included "DS," "liver injury," "obesity," "obesity‐related liver diseases," and "nonalcoholic steatohepatitis." For each term, we focused on the first 50 publications. We undertook a manual search to identify additional reports. Underlying liver diseases and other health issues are common in patients taking DS for weight reduction. These include obesity or morbid obesity, as well as complex metabolic disorders complicated by excess morbidity and mortality due to associated liver diseases. Among these are nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with potential progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis, often classified as cryptogenic with a rare risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. With the exception of hepatocellular carcinoma, these obesity‐related liver diseases were observed to varying degrees in patients, and some even required a liver transplant. This raises the question whether the liver injury that occurred in these patients is due to DS consumed for weight loss or to the underlying obesity‐related liver diseases. This analysis showed that, in many instances, the causal role of obesity has been neglected. Obesity‐associated liver diseases should be considered as differential diagnosis of liver injury in obese patients using DS.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea is emerging as a global health epidemic, particularly due to the obesity pandemic. However, comprehensive prevalence data are still lacking and global OSA research has not yet been structurally evaluated. Using the latest comprehensive age/gender-specific BMI and obesity data, a global landscape estimating the risk/burden of OSA was created. Results were presented in relation to an in-depth analysis of OSA research and countries’ socioeconomic/scientific background. While the USA, Canada, and Japan are the highest publishing countries on OSA, Iceland, Greece, and Israel appeared at the forefront when relating the scientific output to socioeconomic parameters. Conversely, China, India, and Russia showed relatively low performances in these relations. Analysis of the estimated population at risk (EPR) of OSA showed the USA, China, India, and Brazil as the leading countries. Although the EPR and OSA research correlated strongly, major regional discrepancies between the estimated demand and actual research performances were identified, mainly in, but not limited to, developing nations. Our study highlights regional challenges/imbalances in the global activity on OSA and allows targeted measures to mitigate the burden of undiagnosed/untreated OSA. Furthermore, the inclusion of disadvantaged countries in international collaborations could stimulate local research efforts and provide valuable insights into the regional epidemiology of OSA.
Background: Cytokines are mediators of inflammation that contribute to a low-grade inflammation in different disorders like major depression and obesity. It still remains unclear which psychological and medical factors interact with cytokine regulation. In the current investigation, the association between levels of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines and anthropometrics, mood state (depressiveness), physical activity and sleep were investigated in a sample of community-dwelled adults.
Methods: Forty-nine subjects met the inclusion criteria for analyses and were assessed at two time-points (baseline (T1) and follow-up (T2), average T1-T2-interval = 215 days). Serum cytokine measures included the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α, the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 and the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF); anthropometrics were assessed via physical examination, depressiveness was assessed via Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)2, parameters of physical activity (steps, METs) and sleep (night/total sleep duration) were measured via a 1-week actigraphy.
Results: Correlation analyses showed low-to moderate significant relationships between the majority of cytokines and the BDI2 at T1, positive correlation with weight and BMI at T1 and T2, and negative correlations with the number of steps and METs at T2 and T2. Regression analyses for T1 revealed that the BDI2 score was the best positive predictor for the concentrations of all nine cytokines, followed by the number of steps and the nightsleep duration as negative predictors. At T2, the amount of steps was found to be negatively associated with IL-4, IL5, IL-10, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, whereas the BMI could significantly predict IL-12 and IL-13. The BDI2-score was not significantly associated with any of the cytokines. No associations could be found between dynamics in cytokines from T1 and T2 and changes in any of the variables.
Discussion: The present results indicate an influence of physical activity, subjective well-being and body composition on inflammatory mediators. Since there was no standardized intervention targeting the independent variables between T1 and T2, no assumptions on causality can be drawn from the association results.
The coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly spreading worldwide and is becoming a major public health crisis. Increasing evidence demonstrates a strong correlation between obesity and the COVID-19 disease. We have summarized recent studies and addressed the impact of obesity on COVID-19 in terms of hospitalization, severity, mortality, and patient outcome. We discuss the potential molecular mechanisms whereby obesity contributes to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In addition to obesity-related deregulated immune response, chronic inflammation, endothelium imbalance, metabolic dysfunction, and its associated comorbidities, dysfunctional mesenchymal stem cells/adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells may also play crucial roles in fueling systemic inflammation contributing to the cytokine storm and promoting pulmonary fibrosis causing lung functional failure, characteristic of severe COVID-19. Moreover, obesity may also compromise motile cilia on airway epithelial cells and impair functioning of the mucociliary escalators, reducing the clearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Obese diseased adipose tissues overexpress the receptors and proteases for the SARS-CoV-2 entry, implicating its possible roles as virus reservoir and accelerator reinforcing violent systemic inflammation and immune response. Finally, anti-inflammatory cytokines like anti-interleukin 6 and administration of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells may serve as potential immune modulatory therapies for supportively combating COVID-19. Obesity is conversely related to the development of COVID-19 through numerous molecular mechanisms and individuals with obesity belong to the COVID-19-susceptible population requiring more protective measures.
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) have crucial functions, but their roles in obesity are not well defined. We show here that ASCs from obese individuals have defective primary cilia, which are shortened and unable to properly respond to stimuli. Impaired cilia compromise ASC functionalities. Exposure to obesity-related hypoxia and cytokines shortens cilia of lean ASCs. Like obese ASCs, lean ASCs treated with interleukin-6 are deficient in the Hedgehog pathway, and their differentiation capability is associated with increased ciliary disassembly genes like AURKA. Interestingly, inhibition of Aurora A or its downstream target the histone deacetylase 6 rescues the cilium length and function of obese ASCs. This work highlights a mechanism whereby defective cilia render ASCs dysfunctional, resulting in diseased adipose tissue. Impaired cilia in ASCs may be a key event in the pathogenesis of obesity, and its correction might provide an alternative strategy for combating obesity and its associated diseases.
Background: Outcomes of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) are variable and the predictors of success require further elucidation since the identification of correctable risk factors could help to optimize therapy. We aimed to assess the impact of body mass index (BMI) in the overall safety and efficacy of catheter ablation of AF, with emphasis on the use of cryoballoon ablation and novel oral anticoagulants.
Methods and Results: There were 2497 consecutive patients undergoing catheter ablation of AF in 7 European high volume centers were stratified according to BMI (normal weight <25 kg/m2, pre‐obese 25–30 kg/m2, obesity 30–35 kg/m2, and morbid obesity ≥35 kg/m2) and comparisons of procedural outcomes evaluated. Pre‐obese and obese patients presented more comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and sleep apnea), and had higher rates of non‐paroxysmal AF ablation procedures. The rate of atrial 12‐month arrhythmia relapse increased alongside with BMI (35.2%, 35.7%, 43.6%, and 48.0% P<0.001). During a median follow‐up of 18.8 months (interquartile range 11–28), after adjusting for all baseline differences, BMI was an independent predictor of relapse (hazard ratio=1.01 per kg/m2; 95% CI 1.01–1.02; P=0.002), adding incremental predictive value to obstructive sleep apnea. BMI was not a predictor for any of the reported complications. Using novel oral anticoagulants and cryoballoon ablation was safe and efficacy was comparable with vitamin‐K antagonists and radiofrequency ablation.
Conclusions: Obese patients present with a more adverse comorbidity profile, more advanced forms of AF, and have lower chances of being free from AF relapse after ablation. Use of novel oral anticoagulants and cryoballoon ablation may be an option in this patient group.
Inflammatory diseases including psoriasis are associated with metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities, including obesity and metabolic syndrome. Obesity is associated with greater psoriasis disease severity and reduced response to treatment. Therefore, targeting metabolic comorbidities could improve patients’ health status and psoriasis-specific outcomes. METABOLyx is a randomized controlled trial evaluating the combination of a lifestyle intervention program with secukinumab treatment in psoriasis. Here, the rationale, methodology and baseline patient characteristics of METABOLyx are presented. A total of 768 patients with concomitant moderate to severe plaque psoriasis and metabolic syndrome were randomized to secukinumab 300 mg, or secukinumab 300 mg plus a tailored lifestyle intervention program, over 24 weeks. A substudy of immunologic and metabolic biomarkers is ongoing. The primary endpoint of METABOLyx is PASI90 response at week 24. Other endpoints include patient-reported outcomes and safety. METABOLyx represents the first large scale clinical trial of an immunomodulatory biologic in combination with a standardized lifestyle intervention.
Background: Obesity and depression are both associated with changes in sleep/wake regulation, with potential implications for individualized treatment especially in comorbid individuals suffering from both. However, the associations between obesity, depression, and subjective, questionnaire-based and objective, EEG-based measurements of sleepiness used to assess disturbed sleep/wake regulation in clinical practice are not well known.
Objectives: The study investigates associations between sleep/wake regulation measures based on self-reported subjective questionnaires and EEG-derived measurements of sleep/wake regulation patterns with depression and obesity and how/whether depression and/or obesity affect associations between such self-reported subjective questionnaires and EEG-derived measurements.
Methods: Healthy controls (HC, NHC = 66), normal-weighted depressed (DEP, NDEP = 16), non-depressed obese (OB, NOB = 68), and obese depressed patients (OBDEP, NOBDEP = 43) were included from the OBDEP (Obesity and Depression, University Leipzig, Germany) study. All subjects completed standardized questionnaires related to daytime sleepiness (ESS), sleep quality and sleep duration once as well as questionnaires related to situational sleepiness (KSS, SSS, VAS) before and after a 20 min resting state EEG in eyes-closed condition. EEG-based measurements of objective sleepiness were extracted by the VIGALL algorithm. Associations of subjective sleepiness with objective sleepiness and moderating effects of obesity, depression, and additional confounders were investigated by correlation analyses and regression analyses.
Results: Depressed and non-depressed subgroups differed significantly in most subjective sleepiness measures, while obese and non-obese subgroups only differed significantly in few. Objective sleepiness measures did not differ significantly between the subgroups. Moderating effects of obesity and/or depression on the associations between subjective and objective measures of sleepiness were rarely significant, but associations between subjective and objective measures of sleepiness in the depressed subgroup were systematically weaker when patients comorbidly suffered from obesity than when they did not.
Conclusion: This study provides some evidence that both depression and obesity can affect the association between objective and subjective sleepiness. If confirmed, this insight may have implications for individualized diagnosis and treatment approaches in comorbid depression and obesity.