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Memoirs by women (from the Global North) who have employed a gestational host (from the Global South) to become mothers are situated in a force field of intersecting discourses about gender, race and class. The article sheds light on the characteristic dynamics of this special sub-genre of ‘mommy lit’ (Hewett), labelled ‘IP memoirs,’ with a special emphasis on memoirs featuring transnational cross-racial gestational surrogacy arrangements in India. These texts do not only present narratives of painful infertility experiences, autopathographic self-blame, and scriptotherapeutic quests towards happiness, i.e. (a) child(ren), but also speak back to knotty issues such as potential exploitation, commodification, colonisation and disenfranchisement, as well as genetic essentialism in the context of systemic inequities.
A catalogue of aphidiine parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) associated with various aphids species occurring in India was compiled. The present catalogue with 125 species under 22 genera has been further reinforced with not only all the latest taxonomic changes but also host names, host plants, distribution in India etc.
A new genus of jumping spiders, Bavirecta gen. nov. is proposed to include the type species B. flavopuncta gen. et sp. nov. and Bavirecta exilis (Cao et al., 2016) gen. et comb. nov. Distinguishing characters of Bavirecta gen. nov. include: 1) tubular abdomen, 2) enlarged front legs, 3) straight and
pointed embolus, broadest proximal lobe with black blotches, 4) prolateral tegular lobe, 5) widely separated anterior atria. Furthermore, two new species, Schenkelia aurantia sp. nov. (♂♀) and Brancus calebi (♂) sp. nov., are described and diagnosed. Mogrus frontosus (Simon, 1871) is redescribed based on a male collected from Mandaitivu Island of Jaffna District in Sri Lanka. The genera Brancus Simon, 1902, Mogrus Simon, 1882 and Schenkelia Lessert, 1927 are reported for the first time from Sri Lanka
(Brancus and Schenkelia are recorded for the first time outside Africa).
Similipal Biosphere Reserve is a part of biotic province of Chhotanagpur Plateau. It has a representative ecosystem under Mahanadian biogeographic region. Its biodiversity is an assemblage representation of Western Ghats and North-East India. Regarding bryophytes this area was rather unexplored and the current investigation shows the occurrence of 33 taxa of bryophytes in this biosphere reserve and its neighboring areas. Each species has been enumerated with its ecological and distributional details.
Indian spider species currently assigned to Storena Walckenaer, 1805 are revised mostly based on the type material available in the National Zoological Collection, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. A new genus, Laminion gen. nov. is proposed to include four species; three are transferred from Storena: Laminion arakuensis (Patel & Reddy, 1989) gen. et comb. nov., Laminion birenifer (Gravely, 1921) gen. et comb. nov. and Laminion debasrae (Biswas & Biswas, 1992) gen. et comb. nov., whereas the fourth species is from Suffasia Jocqué, 1991: Laminion gujaratensis (Tikader & Patel, 1975) gen. et comb. nov. The species Storena tikaderi Patel & Reddy, 1989 syn. nov. is synonymised with L. birenifer gen. et comb. nov. Storena dibangensis Biswas & Biswas, 2006 and Storena indica Tikader & Patel, 1975 are transferred to Mallinella Strand, 1906. All the type material examined are imaged and redescribed. In addition, images of the type material of Storenomorpha joyaus (Tikader, 1970) are presented.
The pressure on tax haven countries to engage in tax information exchange shows first effects on capital markets. Empirical research suggests that investors do react to information exchange and partially withdraw from previous secrecy jurisdictions that open up to information exchange. While some of the economic literature emphasizes possible positive effects of tax havens, the present paper argues that proponents of positive effects may have started from questionable premises, in particular when it comes to the effects that tax havens have for emerging markets like China and India.
An account of 40 species of bryophytes including 24 mosses and 16 liverworts of Kakkavayal Reserve forest in the Western Ghats is provided here. This includes four new records of phytogeographical significance to Kerala viz., Cololejeunea appressa (Evans) Benedix, C. follicola Srivastava & Srivastava, C. udarii Asthana & Srivastava and Pallavicinia himalayensis Schiffn.
Contribution to the bryophyte flora of India: the Parambikulam Tiger Reserve in the Western Ghats
(2011)
A checklist of the bryophyte flora of the Parambikulam Tiger Reserve in the Western Ghats is presented here. It consists of 58 taxa (39 mosses, one Hornwort and 18 liverworts), of which Grimmia funalis and Thuidium subdelicatulum has reported as new record for India (Manju & Rajesh, communicated), Leucophanes glaucum (Schwägr.) Mitt. is newly reported for the mainland of India, 10 species are newly reported for Peninsular India and another four are new for the Kerala State.
This paper considers ways in which rulers can respond to, generate, or exploit fear of COVID-19 infection for various ends, and in particular distinguishes between ‘fear-invoking’ and ‘fear-minimising’ strategies. It examines historical precedent for executive overreach in crises and then moves on to look in more detail at some specific areas where fear is being mobilised or generated: in ways that lead to the suspension of civil liberties; that foster discrimination against minorities; and that boost the personality cult of leaders and limit criticism or competition. Finally, in the Appendix, we present empirical work, based on the results of an original survey in Brazil, that provides support for the conjectures in the previous sections. While it is too early to tell what the longer-term outcomes of the changes we note will be, our purpose here is simply to identify some warning signs that threaten the key institutions and values of democracy.
As the lowest in the caste hierarchy, Dalits in Indian society have historically suffered caste-based social exclusion from economic, civil, cultural, and political rights. Women from this community suffer from not only discrimination based on their gender but also caste identity and consequent economic deprivation. Dalit women constituted about 16.60 percent of India’s female population in 2011. Dalit women’s problems encompass not only gender and economic deprivation but also discrimination associated with religion, caste, and untouchability, which in turn results in the denial of their social, economic, cultural, and political rights. They become vulnerable to sexual violence and exploitation due to their gender and caste. Dalit women also become victims of abhorrent social and religious practices such as devadasi/jogini (temple prostitution), resulting in sexual exploitation in the name of religion. The additional discrimination faced by Dalit women on account of their gender and caste is clearly reflected in the differential achievements in human development indicators for this group. In all the indicators of human development, for example, literacy and longevity, Dalit women score worse than Dalit men and non-Dalit women. Thus, the problems of Dalit women are distinct and unique in many ways, and they suffer from the ‘triple burden’ of gender bias, caste discrimination, and economic deprivation. To gain insights into the economic and social status of Dalit women, our paper will delve more closely into their lives and encapsulate the economic and social situations of Dalit women in India. The analyses of human poverty and caste and gender discrimination are based on official data sets as well as a number of primary studies in the labor market and on reproductive health.