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The paper reports on research that investigates older men's care practices and how their caring for others opens new ways of exploring the intersections of aging, gender, and care work. Using the concept caring masculinities as a sensitizing concept, the onus is on exploring patterns of power, interdependence, and relationality within men's care practices. Aging masculinities often remain constructed around paid-for occupational work (in opposition to unpaid care work) despite the transition into retirement. Little work exists on how caring is at work in later life potentially transforming gender relations and enacted masculinities. Moreover, much of the research on aging masculinities have not considered the expansiveness of retirement and the discourses as well as subjective expectations around the activity in later life that create an uncertain terrain of socioculturally structured mandates to be navigated. This paper draws on data from two qualitative interview studies conducted with retired men in England and Germany, in which the role of caregiving emerged as an inductive theme in their narratives. The paper makes a specific contribution to developing empirical and theoretical knowledge of caring masculinities and power relations by providing insights on men's trajectories into caring, and how they make sense of their caring for and about others.
Change ahead—emerging life-course transitions as practical accomplishments of growing old(er)
(2019)
With the aging of the "Baby Boomer" cohort, more and more adults are transiting from work into retirement. In public discourse, this development is framed as one of the major challenges of today's welfare societies. To develop social innovations that consider the everyday lives of older people requires a deeper theoretical understanding of the retiring process. In age studies, retiring has been approached from various theoretical perspectives, most prominently disengagement perspectives (retirement as the withdrawal from social roles and responsibilities) and rational choice perspectives (retiring as a rational decision based on incentives and penalties). Whereas, the former have been accused of promoting a deficient image of aging, the latter are criticized for concealing the socially stratified constraints older people experience. This paper proposes a practice-theoretical perspective on retiring, understanding it as a processual, practical accomplishment that involves various social practices, sites, and human, as well as non-human, actors. To exemplify this approach, I draw upon data from the project "Doing Retiring" that follows 30 older adults in Germany from 1 year before to 3 years after retirement. Results depict retiring as a complex process of change, assembled by social practices that are scattered across time, space, and carriers. Practice sequences and constellations differ significantly between older adults who retire expectedly and unexpectedly, for example through sudden job loss or illness. However, even among those who envisaged retiring "on their own terms," the agency to retire was distributed across the network of employers, retirement schemes, colleagues, laws, families, workplaces, bodies and health, and the future retiree themselves. Results identified a distinct set of sequentially organized practices that were temporally and spatially configured. Many study participants expressed an idea about a "right time to retire" embedded in the imagination of a chrononormative life-course, and they often experienced spatio-temporal withdrawal from the workplace (e.g., reduction of working hours) which entailed affective disengagement from work as well. In conclusion, a practice-theoretical perspective supports social innovations that target more than just the retiring individual.
Previous research has found higher levels of heatwave mortality and morbidity among urban residents with a migration background because of their social, health and environmental conditions. The purpose of the study was to investigate and compare heat induced changes in the outdoor recreation behaviours of Turkish migrants with those of non-migrants on hot days in Vienna. Specifically, the study compared coping behaviours due to heat such as inter-area, intra-area, temporal and activity displacement between migrants and non-migrants. The study interviewed 400 migrants and non-migrants in four public green spaces of different area sizes and asked about their outdoor recreation motives and activities, as well as behavioural changes, due to summer heat. Results show that migrants have different motives for visiting urban green spaces on hot days, and that they visit these less frequently on hot days compared to non-migrants. While both groups shift their outdoor uses more to shady areas and the cooler times of the day, more migrants visit green spaces in the afternoon, perform more energetic recreational activities, and use sunnier sites more frequently than non-migrants on hot days. Few migrants and non-migrants stated that they would visit alternative green spaces when it is hot. The results indicate that migrants’ behaviours result in higher heat exposure, while making less use of the opportunities larger green spaces such as forests can provide for heat relief. Recommendations on how green and city planners could reduce heat related health risks for both study groups are presented.
Background and objective: Acutely ill older patients with cognitive impairment represent a major subgroup in acute care hospitals. In this context, communication plays a crucial role for patients’ well-being, healthcare decisions, and medical outcomes. As validated measures are lacking, we tested the psychometric properties of an observational instrument to assess Communication Behavior in Dementia (CODEM) in the acute care hospital setting. As a novel feature, we were also able to incorporate linguistic and social-contextual measures.
Material and methods: Data were drawn from a cross-sectional mixed methods study that focused on the occurrence of elderspeak during care interactions in two German acute care hospitals. A total of 43 acutely ill older patients with severe cognitive impairment (CI group, Mage ± SD = 83.6 ± 5.7 years) and 50 without cognitive impairment (CU group, Mage ± SD = 82.1 ± 6.3 years) were observed by trained research assistants during a standardized interview situation and rated afterwards by use of CODEM.
Results: Factor analysis supported the expected two-factor solution for the CI group, i.e., a verbal content and a nonverbal relationship aspect. Findings of the current study indicated sound psychometric properties of the CODEM instrument including internal consistency, convergent, divergent, and criterion validity.
Conclusion: CODEM represents a reliable and valid tool to examine the communication behavior of older patients with CI in the acute care hospital setting. Thus, CODEM might serve as an important instrument for researcher and healthcare professionals to describe and improve communication patterns in this environment.
Objectives: Patient-level factors that influence compliance with a recommendation for CBT in nursing home residents diagnosed with depression were identified.
Methods: Within a cluster-randomized trial on stepped care for depression in nursing homes (DAVOS-study, Trial registration: DRKS00015686), participants received an intake interview administered by a licensed psychotherapist. If psychotherapy was required, patients were offered a referral for CBT. Sociodemographic characteristics, severity of depression, loneliness, physical health, antidepressant medication, prior experience with psychotherapy, and attitudes towards own aging were assessed. A binary regression determined predictors of compliance with referral.
Results: Of 123 residents receiving an intake interview, 80 were recommended a CBT. Forty-seven patients (58.8 %) followed the recommendation. The binary logistic regression model on compliance with recommended CBT was significant, χ2(9) = 21.64, p = .010. Significant predictors were age (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.9; 95 % Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.82, 0.99; p = .024) and depression (OR = 1.33; 95 % CI = 1.08, 1.65; p = .008).
Conclusion: Within the implemented setting compliance rate was comparable to other age groups. Future interventions should include detailed psychoeducation on the benefits of psychotherapy on mild depressive symptoms in older age and evidence-based interventions to address the stigma of depression. Interventions such as reminiscence-based methods or problem-solving could be useful to increase compliance with referral, especially in very old patients (80+). Language barriers and a culturally sensitive approach should be considered when screening residents.
Der Beitrag setzt sich zunächst kritisch mit verbreiteten Konzepten zum Thema Wetter und Computer auseinander. Behauptet wird ein Widerspruch zwischen didaktischem Anspruch und didaktischer Umsetzung. Der Anspruch wird in einem handlungs- und erfahrungsorientierten Unterricht gesehen. Die Umsetzung erfolgt, so die Kritik, allerdings als eine für Grundschüler nicht verstehbare Einführung in eine Wissenschaft. Für einen handlungs- und erfahrungsorientierten Sachunterricht wird als Voraussetzung gesehen, dass die Schüler die Möglichkeit erhalten, sich öffentlich und argumentativ mit ihren Konzepten und Deutungsmustern auseinander zu setzen. Für dieses Verständnis von "offenem Unterricht" eignet sich der Computer dann, wenn er nicht als Wissensspeicher und nicht zur Dokumentation von Ergebnissen herangezogen wird, sondern als Medium der Kommunikation und zur Dokumentierung von Prozessen. Konkret wird dies dargestellt an einem Unterrichtskonzept, in dem Schüler mehrerer Schulen Wetterprognosen vornehmen, an der Realität überprüfen und begründen.
The following paper critically discusses the idea of a learning platform for teaching and learning at universities in an international context highlighting several social questions that arise in relation to questions of higher education and mobility. By using the example of the proposed platform, the paper touches on existing social inequalities in a complex system of international university landscapes and current educational and political changes by relating the discussed topics to the Four Freedoms of the European Union, namely the free movement of capital, goods, services and people. Based on the discussion of the ambivalence of benefits and limitations of current changes in higher education especially in relation to mobility, the paper discusses innovative ideas using new technical opportunities and critically asks whether these ideas are necessary and helpful in order to reduce limitations and inequalities or whether it might instead just shift these limitations and inequalities, thus pointing at wider structural and political problems within higher education and educational policies.
Due to the increasingly heterogeneous trajectories of aging, gerontology requires theoretical models and empirical methods that can meaningfully, reliably, and precisely describe, explain, and predict causes and effects within the aging process, considering particular contexts and situations. Human behavior occurs in contexts; nevertheless, situational changes are often neglected in context-based behavior research. This article follows the tradition of environmental gerontology research based on Lawton’s Person-Environment-Interaction model (P-E model) and the theoretical developments of recent years. The authors discuss that, despite an explicit time component, current P-E models could be strengthened by focusing on detecting P-E interactions in various everyday situations. Enhancing Lawton’s original formula via a situationally based component not only changes the theoretical perspectives on the interplay between person and environment but also demands new data collection approaches in empirical environmental research. Those approaches are discussed through the example of collecting mobile data with smartphones. Future research should include the situational dimension to investigate the complex nature of person environment interactions.
Zielsetzung: Untersuchung der Auswirkungen der Covid-19-Pandemie auf Angebote der vor allem niedrigschwelligen Drogenhilfe und Reaktionen der Klientel auf geänderte Angebote. Methodik: Verwendet wurden in erster Linie Daten aus einer asynchronen qualitativen Onlinebefragung für Mitarbeiter_innen der ambulanten Drogenhilfe, ergänzt durch Zahlen aus einer quantitativen Onlinebefragung für dieselbe Zielgruppe. Ergebnisse: Während übliche Infektionsschutzmaßnahmen nahezu überall angewendet wurden, reichte die Spanne der tatsächlichen Auswirkungen von Komplettschließungen bis zu eher geringen Einschränkungen. Schwerpunkte wurden zumeist auf Überlebenshilfe und Straßensozialarbeit gelegt. Beratung wurde oft per Telefon durchgeführt, was für viele Anliegen als sinnvoll erachtet wurde, Beziehungsarbeit aber erschwerte. Vor allem stark verelendete Klient_innen nutzten weiterhin häufig Hilfsangebote. Schlussfolgerungen: Es zeigen sich unterschiedliche Umgangsweisen der Drogenhilfe mit den pandemiebedingten Maßnahmen. Oft entwickelte man kreative Lösungen zur Umsetzung, mit Schwerpunktsetzung auf Existenzsicherung. Sowohl Mitarbeiter_innen als auch Klientel waren durch die Pandemie zahlreichen Belastungen ausgesetzt.