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Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde ein Spracherkennungssystem realisiert, das sowohl phonembasierte als auch wortbasierte Modelle zur sprecherunabhängigen Schlüsselworterkennung im Kontext fließender Sprache verwenden kann. Das System erlaubt dabei die Wahl zwischen zwei grundlegend verschiedenen Verfahren: Entweder kann die Bewertung von Äußerungen durch Schlüsselwortmodelle mit gewählten Schwellenwerten verglichen werden, wobei eine Schwellenwertüberschreitung die Erkennung eines Schlüsselwortes signalisiert, oder es werden beliebige Phonemfolgen als Füllmodelle verwendet, die mit den Schlüsselwortmodellen konkurrieren. Der Schlüsselworterkenner kann sowohl zur 1-Schlüsselwort- Erkennung, bei der vorausgesetzt wird, dass sich in jeder Äußerung exakt ein Schlüsselwort befindet, als auch zur n-Schlüsselwort-Erkennung verwendet werden, bei der sich eine beliebige Anzahl Schlüsselwörter in jeder Äußerung befinden kann. Durch eine effiziente Implementation wurde die Fähigkeit zur Echtzeitverarbeitung auf verfügbaren Arbeitsplatzrechnern erreicht.....
Data on the mean multiplicity of strange hadrons produced in minimum bias proton--proton and central nucleus--nucleus collisions at momenta between 2.8 and 400 GeV/c per nucleon have been compiled. The multiplicities for nucleon--nucleon interactions were constructed. The ratios of strange particle multiplicity to participant nucleon as well as to pion multiplicity are larger for central nucleus--nucleus collisions than for nucleon--nucleon interactions at all studied energies. The data at AGS energies suggest that the latter ratio saturates with increasing masses of the colliding nuclei. The strangeness to pion multiplicity ratio observed in nucleon--nucleon interactions increases with collision energy in the whole energy range studied. A qualitatively different behaviour is observed for central nucleus--nucleus collisions: the ratio rapidly increases when going from Dubna to AGS energies and changes little between AGS and SPS energies. This change in the behaviour can be related to the increase in the entropy production observed in central nucleus-nucleus collisions at the same energy range. The results are interpreted within a statistical approach. They are consistent with the hypothesis that the Quark Gluon Plasma is created at SPS energies, the critical collision energy being between AGS and SPS energies.
The NA35 experiment used several independent methods to determine the strange particle production in p+S and S+A collisions. The different techniques show consistent results. Strangeness conservation in full phase space is used as an additional check of the consistency of the data.
On the base of the analysis in full phase space it could be shown that strangeness conservation is fullfilled. The NA35 K0S in S+S and S+Ag are consistent with the NA44 results for K+ and K−. The results of the NA36 collaboration for S+Pb collisions were extrapolated to full phase space. The comparison with the NA35 results shows more than two times lower yields. The ratio of Λ to Λ¯¯¯¯ at midrapidity of NA36 is inconsistent with the high baryon density determind by NA35. The strange particle production is compared to the abundance of non strange particles, especially negatively charged pions which are measured in full phase space in the same experiment. A clear enhanced strange hadron production relative to π− is observed in S+Ag collisions compared to p+S reactions at the same energy. The K0S multiplicity in full phase space per negative hadron (h−) in S+S, S+Ag and Pb+Pb is enhanced by about a factor 1.6 compared to N+N and p+S collisions. The NA36 result for the K0S multiplicity per h− in S+Pb is below the N+N value.
Rapidity distributions of net hyperons (Λ−Λ¯¯¯¯) are compared to distributions of participant protons (p−p¯¯¯). Strangeness production (mean multiplicities of produced Λ/Σ0 hyperons and ⟨K+K¯¯¯¯¯⟩) in central nucleus-nucleus collisions is shown for different collision systems at different energies. An enhanced production of Λ¯¯¯¯ compared to p¯¯¯ is observed at 200 GeV per nucleon.
The behavior of hadronic matter at high baryon densities is studied within Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (URQMD). Baryonic stopping is observed for Au+Au collisions from SIS up to SPS energies. The excitation function of flow shows strong sensitivities to the underlying equation of state (EOS), allowing for systematic studies of the EOS. Dilepton spectra are calculated with and without shifting the rho pole. Except for S+Au collisions our calculations reproduce the CERES data.
A first testing ground for QED in the combined presence of a strong Coulomb field and a strong magnetic field is provided by the precise measurement of the hyperfine structure splitting of hydrogenlike 209Bi. We present a complete calculation of the one-loop self-energy correction to the first-order hyperfine interaction for various nuclear charges. In the low-Z regime we almost perfectly agree with the Z alpha expansion, but for medium and high Z there is a substantial deviation.
We introduce a smooth mapping of some discrete space-time symmetries into quasi-continuous ones. Such transformations are related with q-deformations of the dilations of the Euclidean space and with the non-commutative space. We work out two examples of Hamiltonian invariance under such symmetries. The Schrodinger equation for a free particle is investigated in such a non-commutative plane and a connection with anyonic statistics is found. PACS: 03.65.Fd, 11.30.Er
We discuss the prospects for parity-nonconservation experiments with highly charged heavy ions. Energy levels and parity mixing for heavy ions with 2–5 electrons are calculated. We investigate two-photon transitions and the possibility of observing interference effects between weak-matrix elements and Stark matrix elements for periodic electric field configurations.
Pion and strangeness puzzles
(1996)
We investigate the properties of di erent modifications to the linear -model (including a dilaton field associated with broken scale invariance) at finite baryon density and nonzero temperature T. The explicit breaking of chiral symmetry and the way the vector meson mass is generated are significant for the appearance of a phase of nearly vanishing nucleon mass besides the solution describing normal nuclear matter. The elimination of the abnormal solution prohibits the onset of a chiral phase transition but allows to lower the compressibility to a reasonable range. The repulsive contributions from the vector mesons are responsible for the wide range of stability of the normal phase in the (µ, T)-plane. The abnormal solution becomes not only energet- ically preferable to the normal state at high temperature or density, but also mechanically stable due to the inclusion of dilatons. PACS number:12.39.F