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Bryohumbertia subcomosa (Dix.) J.–P. Frahm, a new name for Bryohumbertia walkeri (Mitt.) J.-P. Frahm
(1989)
The concept of Bryohumbertia walkeri (Mitt.) J.-P. Frahm was based on isotype specimens, which are, however, not identical with the holotype which consists of Campylopus comosus (Reinw. & Hornsch.) Bosch & Lac.. Therefore the next older epithet available must be chosen for B. walker and the new combination B. subcomosa is introduced accordingly.
All the species of Chorisodontium recorded from the neotropical mountains (Bolivia –Costa Rica) have been critically revised. Three species, C. nigricans Herz, C. mittenii (C. Müll.) Broth. And C. wallisii (C. Müll.) Broth. Are accepted. Chorisodontium speciosum (Hook. F. & Wils. ) Broth. Is placed as a variety to C. wallisii.
Of the 65 species of Campylopus known from tropical America, 33 are andine in distribution, 16 are found only in SE Brazil, 8 have wide ranges through Central and South America, 3 species are disjunct in SE-North America and Brazil, 3 are confined to the Caribbean and one species belongs to the circum-pacific and one to the tethyan element. For different parts of the Neotropics, the composition of phytogeographical elements is calculated. For the first time, bryophyte distributions are compared to the Pleistocene forest refuges proposed by zoologist and phanerogamists. The distribution of several rainforest species of Campylopus coincides with the major part of the montane refugia. Using an interpretation of the present-day ranges, a hypothetical survey is given of the origin and evolution of this genus in tropical South and Central America. The ranges of part of the species can be explained only by long distance dispersal, while the ranges of other species seem to be relictual.
Campylopus with nearly 200 revised species is one of the largest genera of mosses in the world and has extremely broad geographical, altitudinal and ecological ranges. Factors to be considered for the rich speciation are 1) the enormous anatomical plasticity of the structure of the costa, 2) the ability for vegetative propagation utilizing different methods, and 3) the special twist mechanism of the cygneous setae. Phytogeographical interpretations of present ranges of species of Campylopus lead to the conclusion that this genus is of Gondwanalandic origin. Most of the species seem to be cool temperate in origin. They have adapted to dry habitats in the Mesozoic and invaded the tropical mountains during the Tertiary, accompanied by rich speciation. This is supported by the physiology of these species. According to preliminary gas exchange measurements, tropical montane species do not differ from temperate species, and are not able to stand climatic conditions of the tropical lowland rainforests; a relatively young habitat for bryophytes. A cladistic analysis of the infrageneric categories of Campylopus using phytogeographical evaluations of apomorphic character states shows that the section Homalocarpus seems to be the most primitive and the subgenera Campylopidulum and Thysanomitrion the most derived.
88.Campylopus hildebrandtii (C. Müll.) Jaeg. is reported as new to Ethiopia. 89. The combination Campylopus flexuosus (Hedw.) Brid. var. incacorralis (Herz.) J.-P. Frahm is validated. 90. Campylopus sedgwickii Dix., a species hitherto regarded as endemic to Sri Lanka, is recognized as a synonymous with C. recurvus (Mitt.) Jaeg. 91. The Campylopus fragilis complex in SE-.Asia has been revised. It consists of C.. fragilis (Brid.) B.S.G. in southern China, C. goughii (Mitt.) Jaeg. occurring from southern India to Sikkim and Bhutan and C. zollingerianus (C. Müll.) Bosch & Lac. occurring from Indonesia to the Philippines and also in Hawaii. Campylopus zollingerianus has proved to be the legitimate name for C. boswelii (C. Müll.) Par. and C. crispifolius Bartr. and not for C. goughii. All three species are distinguished mainly by the shape of the upper laminal cells only and accordingly, C. goughii and C. zollingerianus are placed as geographical vicariant races as subspecies to C. fragilis.
“El Refugio” Biological Station will be open as of Juni 1989 for persons or organizations of all nationalities. The station offers logistic support for activities with educational, conservational or research purposes. The station is located in a mountainous region at elevations of 1600 to 1900 m, on the western versant of the western cordillera of Colombia. It lies 23 km away from Cali (see below), on the road to Buenaventura, the most important road crossing the Chocó biogeographical region (Buenaventura is the most important seaport on the Colombian Pacific coast). The biological station includes 14 ha of relatively undisturbed, species-rich forest, and 9 ha of open lands. The latter include orchard, pasture and garden areas. “El Refugio” is owned by a colomian family concerned with the conservation of natural resources and especially with endangered plant species. Since its acquisition 10 years ago, the open areas have been considerably enriched with numerous living collections of andean plants.
Central Africa was one of the first regions in the tropics, if not the first, for which a checklist of mosses was compiled. In 1940, Demaret published the "Prodrome des Bryophytes du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi", followed by a supplement in 1946. In the 50 years since that time, numerous new contributions to the bryophyte flora of Central Africa have been made. Demaret added seven more publications on Zaire (formerly Belgian Congo). Potier de la Varde studied the bryophyte collections made during the surveys of the flora of the Central African volcanoes by Hedberg.
Thirteen new records of species of Andreaea, Trematodon, Campylopus and Rhabdoweisia for Rwanda viz. Zaire are published. Campylopus cerradensis Vital and Paraleucobryum longifolium (Hedw.) Loeske ssp. brasiliense (Broth.) P. Müller & J.-P. Frahm, previously only known from Brazil, are reported for Africa for the first time. Campylopus schmidii C. Müll. is reported for the first time for the African continent. Campylopus leucochlorus is regarded as synonymous with C. hildebrandtii (C. Müll.) Jaeg. Atractylocarpus capillifolius Dix. is regarded as synonymous with A. alticaulis (Broth.) Williams. Based on a different spore size, spore ornamentation and growth form as well as cultivation experiments, Antitrichia kilimandscharica Broth. is regarded as separate species and not as synonymous with A. curtipendula (Hedw.) Brid. Acrocryphaea robusta Broth. in Mildbr. is combined new to the genus Schoenobryum.
The Bryotrop project was planned in 1981 by several bryologists from Germany. Aim of this project was a comparative study of the bryoflora and -vegetation of rain forest areas in different parts of the tropics. In contrast to other bryological research in the tropics, this project should not be limited to pure floristic studies at various collecting sites but consist of interdisciplinary work of researchers from different fields together in a small region, an attempt which was not made before in bryology.
Anläßlich der Untersuchung der Vegetation westafrikanischer Inselberge in der Republik Elfenbeinküste, in Senegal und in Guinea wurden auch Moose gesammelt. Ihre Bestimmung ergab 43 Neunachweise für diese Länder, die zu den floristisch am wenigsten bekannten tropischen Länder gehören. Es handelt sich überwiegend um Arten mit sehr weiten Arealen. Es wird angenommen, daß Inselbergstandorte aufgrund ihrer besonderen ökologischen Bedingungen eine Standortskonstanz über lange Zeit und auch in wechselnden Klimaperioden geboten haben. An solchen Refugien konnten trockenadaptierte Sippen in feuchteren Klimaperioden überdauern und sich in trockeneren Klimaperioden wieder auf Savannen ausdehnen. Die Neukombination Archidium globiferum (Brid.) Frahm (Pleuridium globiferum Brid.) wird für Archidium ohioense Schimp. ex C. Müll., eingeführt.