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Problém tolerance se v posledních desetiletích v kontextu procesů globalizace a integrace národnostních menšin jeví jako jeden z klíčových problémů politické teorie. Autorem jedné z nejvlivnějších současných teorií tolerance je pak bezpochyby člen „čtvrté generace“ frankfurtské školy Rainer Forst. Článek předkládá kritickou recepci jeho teorie, lze ho ovšem zároveň chápat jako prostředek k získání obecné systematické a normativní orientace ve struktuře komplexní problematiky tolerance, která v současnosti významně rezonuje ve veřejném prostoru. Výklad za pomoci historických příkladů osvětluje Forstovo rozlišení pojmu a pojetí tolerance a následně se věnuje originálnímu normativnímu ospravedlnění tolerance, s důrazem na Forstem předložená řešení s tímto pojmem spojených paradoxů. Následuje kritické zhodnocení Forstovy argumentace, které poukazuje mimo jiné na obtíže vyplývající z Forstovy návaznosti na tradici liberalismu a konstruktivismu, a tím se dotýká problémů ležících v základech nejen Forstova myšlení, ale v základech těchto myšlenkových směrů vůbec.
Studie představuje "Ost und West" jako programové periodikum liberálně smýšlejících Čechů a českých Němců, které ve 30. a 40. letech 19. století zaujalo specifické místo ve spektru tehdejších časopisů vycházejících na území Čech. Časopis přispíval k rozvoji česko-německého sblížení, k růstu české kultury a poskytoval i hlubší podněty pro další vývoj česky psané literatury, navíc umožňoval díky svému charakteru její prezentaci v zahraničí. Svým demokratickým profilem se pak zařadil na samou špičku českých dobových periodik.
The contribution presents the results of the first investigation of phytoplankton in the district of Prostějov. During 1998-1999 seasonal changes of phytoplankton in two fishponds together with selected physical and chemical parameters (temperature, oxygen, pH, conductivity, nutrients and heavy metals) were investigated. Eutrophication of the investigated fishponds is not as high as in other regions in the Czech Republic.
Wet stones near the wells form a specific microhabitat for the occurrence of epilithic, benthic and epiphytic cyanobacteria and algae. In four wells (Prosba lesa, U sovy, Čertík, U památníku letců) 15 little known cyanobacteria species (namely from the group of Chroococcales) were identified. These microhabitats belong to oligosaprobic water sites.
The investigation is aimed at re-cultivation in the area of the Krušné Hory (Krušné Mountains) in the Czech Republic. In this area, mainly in the town of Most region, there are many coal mines. The re-cultivation by inundation has been used since 1998. In this paper, the toxicity of the Bílina River profile is evaluated and the possible influence of water and sediment quality on biological revival is assessed. Three types of samples were tested - water from the river profile, black mud with oil products odour and sand from the stream center line. These samples were tested by standard acute toxicity tests on green alga Scenedesmus quadricauda strain Greifswald 15, seeds of Sinapis alba and small crustaceans Daphnia magna strain Straus. The acute toxicity bioassays on Daphnia magna did not exhibit any signs of toxicity and it was recommended to use chronic tests on this organism. Also, no inhibitory effects on the growth of Sinapis alba roots were found. A high growth inhibition of the alga Scenedesmus quadricauda was found. In the culture of Scenedesmus quadricauda teratological formations occured.
This contribution deals with the comparison of several physical and chemical parameters and algae periphyton in the Ostravice River above and below the Šance Reservoir. The Šance Reservoir on the Ostravice River (North Moravia) is a typical deep reservoir with the hypolimnetic outflow during the period of stratification. The reservoir serving as drinking water supply was filled up in 1969. Temperature, pH, conductivity and concentrations of oxygen and nitrogen compounds, as well as the phyto-periphyton changes (focussed on diatoms and assessment of saprobity) were followed in the five profiles on the Ostravice River. Special attention was done on the morphological variability of the diatom species Fragilaria arcus (EHRENBERG) CLEVE. Two profiles studied were located on the reservoir inflows, three below the reservoir dam. The decrease of oxygen concentrations, pH, conductivity and saprobity was observed below the dam. Concerning water temperature, the decrease of summer water temperature values and increase of water temperature in winter were found below the reservoir. While the concentrations of NO2- and NH4+ and the morphological variability of the species Fragilaria arcus were not significantly different in the profiles studied, the NO3- concentrations were higher below the dam.
The seasonal changes of phytoplankton and selected ecological parameters (temperature, pH, oxygen, conductivity, nutrients) were studied in the years 1998 and 1999 at gravel-pit Chomoutov (Olomouc, the Czech Republic). Long-term changes in the species composition and proportions of the main algal groups during last three decades are discussed. Subsequent eutrophication was found with the come back of water blooms of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae.
The species composition of phytoplankton in several pools in the Litovelské Pomoraví Protected Landscape Area and the physical and chemical conditions of pools were studied from 1996 to 1997. Approximately 200 taxa of algae and blue-green algae were identified. Euglenophyta was diverse and dominant group; especially Euglena hemichromata, E. spirogyra, Trachelomonas volvocina, Phacus orbicularis a P. pleuronectes occurred in samples regularly. The mass occurrence of Hydrodictyon reticulatum were observed in one of these pools.
In nature, organisms grow in gradients of different conditions. For biochemical, physiological and ultrastuctural studies it is necessary to cultivate the organisms in strictly defined conditions. Cultivations in liquid media or on solid ones allow modelling of gradient of only one condition, usually concentration of a nutrient or a toxic chemical. Cultivation in crossed gradients of temperature and light provides various combinations of different values of temperatures and irradiances. A new unit for crossed gradients is commercially available and its properties are characterised here.